RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Malaria and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are two major infections with enormous public health consequence. Together, they are endemic in many developing countries with anaemia being the most frequent haematological consequence of the infections. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of malaria and HIV co-infection as well as anaemia among selected patients from three health-care institutions in Lagos, Nigeria. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 1080 patients was carried out to determine the prevalence of malaria and HIV co-infection as well as anaemia. Blood sera from each of the patients were screened for malaria parasites, HIV-1 and HIV-2 using Giemsa stain, Cambridge Biotech Recombigen HIV-1/HIV-2 rapid device, respectively while haemoglobin estimation was performed using cyanmethemoglobin method. RESULTS: Our data showed that the total number of malaria infected patients were significantly higher in HIV sero-positive patients 47.7% (31/65) when compared with their HIV sero-negative counterparts 25.8% (262/1015) P = 0.047. The result also revealed that 25.8% (8/31) of the patients co-infected with malaria and HIV had anaemia as compared to 11.1% (29/262) infected with malaria alone. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that patients with dual infection of malaria and HIV were twice likely to be anaemic than those infected with malaria alone [adjusted OR 2.4, 95% CI, 1.3 to 2.7, P = 0.014]. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicated a higher prevalence of malaria in HIV infected patients and also revealed that patients co-infected with malaria and HIV were more likely to be anaemic.
Asunto(s)
Coinfección/sangre , Seropositividad para VIH/sangre , Instituciones de Salud , Hemoglobina A/metabolismo , Malaria Falciparum/sangre , Plasmodium malariae , Anemia/epidemiología , Anemia/etiología , Coinfección/parasitología , Coinfección/virología , Intervalos de Confianza , Estudios Transversales , Enfermedades Endémicas , Femenino , VIH-1/aislamiento & purificación , VIH-2/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Malaria Falciparum/diagnóstico , Masculino , Nigeria/epidemiología , Oportunidad Relativa , Plasmodium falciparum/aislamiento & purificación , Plasmodium malariae/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Antigenic materials prepared from parasite infected and non-infected tissue (blood), organs (spleen, liver, lung) and whole mouse burnt with or without Aframomum melegmeta (Alligator Pepper) were tested whether they could elicit immune response to Plasmodium yoelli nigeriensis in albino mice. This investigation is in line with the practice of traditional medicine in the western part of Nigeria where burnt herbal preparation are introduced into patient through body cuts known as "Gbere" for protection and therapy against infection. Results from the study unexpectedly showed that immune response was elicited against malaria parasite by the uninfected antigenic material prepared from spleen and whole mouse. Aframomum melegmeta on its own lysed the red blood cells and played a doubtful role in inducing immunity.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos de Protozoos/inmunología , Inmunización Pasiva/métodos , Medicinas Tradicionales Africanas , Fitoterapia , Plantas Medicinales/uso terapéutico , Plasmodium yoelii/inmunología , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Femenino , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones EndogámicosRESUMEN
Using Commercial R.I.A. Kits, plasma prolactin levels have been assayed in 41 Nigerian women with secondary amenorrhoea and in 10 normal ovulating women. The prolactin levels were 34.5 +/- 28.9 ng/ml and 14 +/- 6.8 ng/ml respectively; these prolactin levels differed significantly (p less than 0.001). Fifteen amenorrhoeic women had prolactin levels exceeding 28 ng/ml while no normal women had such prolactin levels. The highest prolactin levels, greater than 100 ng/ml were in the two patients with pituitary tumours. The relative frequency of galactorrhoea in patients with secondary amenorrhoea was 19.5%. The results of this study are comparable with those obtained in Caucasians.