RESUMEN
Meat products represent an important component of the human diet and are a good source of nutrients. Food-borne microorganisms are the main pathogens that cause human diseases as a result of food consumption, especially products of animal origin. The objective of the present research was to verify the antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris against strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolated from meat products. For this, the analyses of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were performed in microdilution plates. The association of the product with antimicrobials was also studied using disk diffusion. And the anti-adherent activity, which was determined in the presence of sucrose, in glass tubes. Thyme oil showed a strong inhibitory activity against K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and S. saprophyticus, with the MIC values ranging from 64 to 512 µg/mL, and bactericidal effect for most strains, with MBC values ranging from 256 to 1,024 µg/mL. T. vulgaris oil exhibited varied interactions in association with the antimicrobials, with synergistic (41.67%), indifferent (50%) and antagonistic (8.33%) effects. Regarding the anti-adherent activity, the test product was effective in inhibiting the adherence of all bacterial strains under study. Therefore, thyme oil presents itself as an antibacterial and anti-adherent agent against K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and S. saprophyticus, being a natural product that can represent an interesting alternative in the efforts to combat foodborne diseases.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos , Productos de la Carne , Aceites Volátiles , Thymus (Planta) , Animales , Humanos , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Staphylococcus saprophyticus , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad MicrobianaRESUMEN
Meat products represent an important component of the human diet and are a good source of nutrients. Food-borne microorganisms are the main pathogens that cause human diseases as a result of food consumption, especially products of animal origin. The objective of the present research was to verify the antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris against strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolated from meat products. For this, the analyses of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were performed in microdilution plates. The association of the product with antimicrobials was also studied using disk diffusion. And the anti-adherent activity, which was determined in the presence of sucrose, in glass tubes. Thyme oil showed a strong inhibitory activity against K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and S. saprophyticus, with the MIC values ranging from 64 to 512 µg/mL, and bactericidal effect for most strains, with MBC values ranging from 256 to 1,024 µg/mL. T. vulgaris oil exhibited varied interactions in association with the antimicrobials, with synergistic (41.67%), indifferent (50%) and antagonistic (8.33%) effects. Regarding the anti-adherent activity, the test product was effective in inhibiting the adherence of all bacterial strains under study. Therefore, thyme oil presents itself as an antibacterial and anti-adherent agent against K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and S. saprophyticus, being a natural product that can represent an interesting alternative in the efforts to combat foodborne diseases.
Os produtos cárneos representam um importante componente da dieta humana e constituem uma boa fonte de nutrientes. Microrganismos de origem alimentar são os principais patógenos que causam doenças humanas como resultado do consumo de alimentos, principalmente, produtos de origem animal. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi verificar a atividade antibacteriana do óleo essencial de Thymus vulgaris frente às cepas de Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Staphylococcus saprophyticus isoladas de produtos cárneos. Para isso, foram realizadas as análises de Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e a Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM) em placas de microdiluição. Assim como, o estudo de associação do produto com antimicrobianos, realizado por difusão em disco. E a atividade antiaderente, que foi determinada na presença de sacarose, em tubos de vidro. O óleo de tomilho apresentou uma forte atividade inibitória contra K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa e S. saprophyticus, com os valores de CIM variando entre 64 a 512 µg/mL, e efeito bactericida para a maioria das cepas, com valores de CBM entre 256 a 1.024 µg/mL. O óleo de T. vulgaris exibiu interações variadas na associação com os antimicrobianos, com efeitos sinérgicos (41,67%), indiferente (50%) e antagonista (8,33%). Em relação a atividade antiaderente, o produto teste foi eficaz na inibição a aderência de todas cepas bacterianas em estudo. Portanto, o óleo de tomilho apresenta-se como agente antibacteriano e antiaderente frente a K. pneumoniae, a P. aeruginosa e a S. saprophyticus, sendo um produto natural que pode representar uma alternativa interessante nos esforços para combater doenças transmitidas por alimentos.
Asunto(s)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Aceites Volátiles , Thymus (Planta) , Staphylococcus saprophyticus , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Productos de la Carne , AntibacterianosRESUMEN
Gill cells of filter feeding mollusks have cellular defense mechanisms, such as multixenobiotic resistance (MXR), that allow them to extrude possible contaminants. To analyze the cytotoxicity and cellular defenses of gills in the clam Mesodesma mactroides, gill cells were exposed to copper in both iso- and hyposmotic solutions. Analysis of MXR activity by fluorescence microscopy showed that hyposmotic saline activated defenses, whereas the presence of copper in isosmotic solution inhibited the activation of defenses. Cell viability was decreased in cells exposed to copper in isosmotic saline, but not in cells exposed to hyposmotic saline. We conclude that when cells cannot defend themselves due to decreased MXR, cell death occurs. In addition, gill cells under hyposmotic conditions have a greater capacity for defense and a lower rate of cellular mortality than when they are maintained under isosmotic conditions.
Asunto(s)
Bivalvos/citología , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Cobre/toxicidad , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/efectos de los fármacos , Branquias/citología , Branquias/efectos de los fármacos , Cloruro de Sodio/farmacología , Animales , Bivalvos/efectos de los fármacos , Concentración Osmolar , Presión Osmótica , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidadRESUMEN
We have previously developed a panel of 40 insertion-deletion (INDEL) human DNA polymorphisms that was proven to ad-equately cover the span of global human genetic diversity. The panel was found to have very low matching probabilities with respect to both the global and Brazilian populations. To optimize the panel for application with degraded DNA samples, which are commonly encountered in fo-rensic analysis, we have significantly reduced the amplicon size of the INDELs and developed a new multiplex panel. The panel has an ampli-con size ranging from 50 to 153 base pairs, with a mean of 93 base pairs. It could be amplified by polymerase chain reaction in two multiplex re-actions, which were then combined for electrophoretic separation and identification of the individual products in the ABI3130 four-color DNA analyzer. The results of the new panel were fully validated.
Asunto(s)
Genética Forense/métodos , Mutación INDEL , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa Multiplex/métodos , ADN/análisis , ADN/genética , Frecuencia de los Genes , Variación Genética , Genética de Población , Humanos , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido SimpleRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The influence of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the hemodynamics of periodontal tissues has not been assessed previously. The primary objective of this study was to validate optical spectroscopy as a periodontal diagnostic tool for subjects with type 2 DM and chronic periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Using a portable optical near-infrared spectrometer, optical spectra were obtained from healthy (n = 127), gingivitis (n = 115), and periodontitis (n = 109) sites of 65 subjects with type 2 DM and chronic periodontitis. Healthy (n = 65) sites of 15 nondiabetic subjects without periodontitis were used as controls. A modified Beer-Lambert unmixing model that incorporates a nonparametric scattering-loss function was used to determine the relative contribution of deoxygenated hemoglobin and oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2 ) to the overall spectrum. The balance between tissue oxygen delivery and oxygen utilization in periodontal tissues was assessed. RESULTS: In diabetic subjects, tissue oxygen saturation and HbO2 concentration were significantly decreased in the periodontitis sites (p < 0.01) compared with the healthy and gingivitis sites. Furthermore, tissue oxygenation in healthy sites of control subjects was significantly higher than that in sites of diabetic subjects (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: In summary, the results of this study suggest that optical spectroscopy can monitor the hemodynamic profile in diabetic subjects with chronic periodontitis. Furthermore, healthy sites of diabetic subjects presented lower tissue oxygenation than did those of nondiabetic subjects.
Asunto(s)
Periodoncio , Gingivitis/diagnóstico , Hemodinámica , Humanos , Periodontitis , Análisis EspectralRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the microbiological effects of full-mouth (FM) and partial-mouth (PM) scaling and root planing (SRP) in type 2 diabetic subjects with chronic periodontitis (ChP), up to 12 months. METHODS: Thirty-four type 2 diabetic subjects with ChP received either FMSRP (n = 17), in two sessions within two consecutive days, or PMSRP (n = 17) in four sessions within 21 days. Six subgingival biofilm samples per subject were analysed by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization for 40 bacterial species at baseline, 3 and 12 months. RESULTS: Both therapies significantly reduced the levels of the red complex species up to 12 months (p < 0.05). The levels of three putative pathogens from the orange complex were significantly reduced in the FMSRP group, whereas a single orange complex species was significantly decreased in the PMSRP group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the proportions of the host-compatible Actinomyces species were significantly increased in both groups at 3 and 12 months. No significant differences were observed between groups for the counts and proportions of the individual species and the proportions of microbial complexes at any time point (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There were no differences in the bacterial species evaluated after FMSRP and PMSRP in the treatment of type 2 diabetic subjects with ChP, up to 12 months.
Asunto(s)
Periodontitis Crónica/epidemiología , Periodontitis Crónica/terapia , Raspado Dental , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Aplanamiento de la Raíz , Adulto , Anciano , Biopelículas , Periodontitis Crónica/microbiología , Comorbilidad , Placa Dental/microbiología , Raspado Dental/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pérdida de la Inserción Periodontal/terapia , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiologíaRESUMEN
We compared two electroretinography (ERG) electrodes in dogs using ERG standards of the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV). Ten healthy Yorkshire terrier dogs (mean age, 2.80 ± 1.42 years; 6 females) weighing 5.20 ± 1.56â kg were evaluated using an ERG system for veterinary use. Dark- and light-adapted ERG responses were recorded using an ERG-Jet electrode and a fiber electrode prototype. The examinations were performed during 2 visits, 3 weeks apart. Both electrodes (ERG-Jet or fiber prototype) were used on each animal and the first eye to be recorded (OD × OS) was selected randomly. Three weeks later the examination was repeated on the same animal switching the type of electrode to be used that day and the first eye to be examined. The magnitude and waveform quality obtained with the two electrode types were similar for all ERG responses. ERG amplitudes and implicit times obtained from dogs using the fiber electrode prototype were comparable to those obtained with the ERG-Jet electrode for rod, maximal rod-cone summed, cone, and 30-Hz flicker responses. The fiber electrode prototype is a low-cost device, available as an alternative instrument for clinical veterinary ERG recording for retinal function assessment.
Asunto(s)
Córnea/fisiología , Electrodos , Electrorretinografía/veterinaria , Animales , Perros , Electrorretinografía/instrumentación , Electrorretinografía/métodos , Diseño de Equipo , Femenino , Masculino , Estimulación Luminosa , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
We compared two electroretinography (ERG) electrodes in dogs using ERG standards of the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV). Ten healthy Yorkshire terrier dogs (mean age, 2.80 ± 1.42 years; 6 females) weighing 5.20 ± 1.56 kg were evaluated using an ERG system for veterinary use. Dark- and light-adapted ERG responses were recorded using an ERG-Jet electrode and a fiber electrode prototype. The examinations were performed during 2 visits, 3 weeks apart. Both electrodes (ERG-Jet or fiber prototype) were used on each animal and the first eye to be recorded (OD × OS) was selected randomly. Three weeks later the examination was repeated on the same animal switching the type of electrode to be used that day and the first eye to be examined. The magnitude and waveform quality obtained with the two electrode types were similar for all ERG responses. ERG amplitudes and implicit times obtained from dogs using the fiber electrode prototype were comparable to those obtained with the ERG-Jet electrode for rod, maximal rod-cone summed, cone, and 30-Hz flicker responses. The fiber electrode prototype is a low-cost device, available as an alternative instrument for clinical veterinary ERG recording for retinal function assessment.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Femenino , Masculino , Córnea/fisiología , Electrodos , Electrorretinografía/veterinaria , Diseño de Equipo , Electrorretinografía/instrumentación , Electrorretinografía/métodos , Estimulación Luminosa , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: There is a bidirectional relationship between periodontal disease and type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Inflammatory mediators may negatively affect glycemic control, and increased glucose levels and resultant glycation end-products may alter the host response against bacterial infection. However, no agreement has been reached regarding the effect of DM on periodontal subgingival microbiota. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to compare the subgingival biodiversity in deep periodontal pockets of subjects with chronic periodontitis and either uncontrolled type-2 diabetes or no diabetes using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twelve subjects with uncontrolled type-2 diabetes (glycated hemoglobin > 8%) and eleven nondiabetic subjects presenting severe and generalized chronic periodontitis were selected. Subgingival biofilm from periodontal pockets > 5 mm were assessed using the 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing technique. RESULTS: Significant differences were observed in subgingival microbiota between diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. Diabetic subjects presented higher percentages of total clones of TM7, Aggregatibacter, Neisseria, Gemella, Eikenella, Selenomonas, Actinomyces, Capnocytophaga, Fusobacterium, Veillonella and Streptococcus genera, and lower percentages of Porphyromonas, Filifactor, Eubacterium, Synergistetes, Tannerella and Treponema genera than nondiabetic individuals (p < 0.05). Moreover, some phylotypes, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Veillonella parvula, V. dispar and Eikenella corrodens were detected significantly more often in diabetic subjects than in nondiabetic subjects (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Subjects with uncontrolled type-2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis presented significant dissimilarities in subgingival biodiversity compared with nondiabetic subjects.
Asunto(s)
Bacterias/clasificación , Biodiversidad , Periodontitis Crónica/microbiología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/microbiología , Encía/microbiología , Actinobacillus/aislamiento & purificación , Actinomyces/aislamiento & purificación , Adulto , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Bacteroides/aislamiento & purificación , Biopelículas/clasificación , Capnocytophaga/aislamiento & purificación , Periodontitis Crónica/clasificación , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Eikenella/aislamiento & purificación , Eubacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino , Fusobacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Gemella/aislamiento & purificación , Bacterias Anaerobias Gramnegativas/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Masculino , Neisseria/aislamiento & purificación , Pérdida de la Inserción Periodontal/microbiología , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiología , Porphyromonas/aislamiento & purificación , ARN Bacteriano/análisis , ARN Ribosómico 16S/análisis , Selenomonas/aislamiento & purificación , Streptococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Treponema/aislamiento & purificación , Veillonella/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The Family with sequence similarity 5 member C (FAM5C) has been suggested to contribute in aggressive periodontitis. However, there is no data regarding its role in chronic periodontitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the FAM5C expression in chronic periodontitis and to study association of FAM5C with key immunoinflammatory markers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Gingival biopsies were harvested from periodontally healthy subjects (n = 10) and chronic periodontitis subjects (n = 15). The levels of mRNA of FAM5C, interleukin (IL)-17, IL-6, IL-23, IL-10, IL-4, interferon-c, toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR-4, osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, transforming growth factor-b, transcription factor forkhead box p3, and transcription factor orphan nuclear receptor C2 were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: FAM5C mRNA levels were not different between periodontally healthy and diseased tissues (P > 0.05). Gene expressions of IL-17, TNF-a, OPG, RANKL, TLR-2, and TLR-4 were higher in periodontitis, when compared to periodontally healthy sites (P < 0.05), while no differences between groups were observed for the other genes evaluated (P > 0.05). There were no correlations between the gene expression of FAM5C and the other immunoinflammatory markers (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Within the limits of this study, it seems that FAM5C expression does not contribute to chronic periodontitis.
Asunto(s)
Periodontitis Crónica/genética , Periodontitis Crónica/metabolismo , Citocinas/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismo , Proteínas Mitocondriales/genética , Adulto , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Citocinas/biosíntesis , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/biosíntesis , Femenino , Expresión Génica , Encía/patología , Humanos , Interleucinas/biosíntesis , Interleucinas/genética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteínas Mitocondriales/biosíntesis , Índice Periodontal , Proyectos Piloto , Ligando RANK/biosíntesis , Ligando RANK/genética , ARN Mensajero/genética , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Receptor Toll-Like 2/biosíntesis , Receptor Toll-Like 2/genética , Receptor Toll-Like 4/biosíntesis , Receptor Toll-Like 4/genética , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/biosíntesis , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of full-mouth scaling and root planing (FMSRP) and partial-mouth scaling and root planing (PMSRP), up to 12 mo after treatment, on clinical parameters, and levels of cytokines and osteoclastogenesis-related factors in type 2 diabetic subjects with chronic periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-four subjects received FMSRP (n = 17) or PMSRP (n = 17) within 24 h or in multiple sessions, respectively. Clinical parameters and local levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-17, IL-23, IL-4, receptor activator of NF-ß ligand and osteoprotegerin were assessed at baseline, and 3, 6 and 12 mo after therapies. RESULTS: Clinical parameters improved after both therapies (p < 0.05), and no between-group differences were observed at any time-point (p > 0.05). Overall, there were no considerable differences in the local levels of the biomarkers studied between groups (p > 0.05). The IL-23 concentration and total amount of IFN-γ increased in the FMSRP group and decreased in the PMSRP group from baseline to 3 mo and from baseline to 6 mo, respectively (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both PMSRP and FMSRP promoted benefits in clinical parameters and showed a similar modulation of cytokines and osteoclastogenesis-related factors at 12 mo in type 2 diabetic subjects.
Asunto(s)
Periodontitis Crónica/terapia , Citocinas/análisis , Raspado Dental/métodos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Osteoclastos/fisiología , Aplanamiento de la Raíz/métodos , Adulto , Anciano , Biomarcadores/análisis , Periodontitis Crónica/inmunología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/inmunología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Líquido del Surco Gingival/química , Líquido del Surco Gingival/inmunología , Humanos , Interferón gamma/análisis , Interleucina-17/análisis , Interleucina-23/análisis , Interleucina-4/análisis , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Osteoprotegerina/análisis , Pérdida de la Inserción Periodontal/terapia , Bolsa Periodontal/terapia , Estudios Prospectivos , Ligando RANK/análisis , Método Simple Ciego , Resultado del Tratamiento , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/análisisRESUMEN
Specific cytokines and the costimulatory protein CD40 play role in inducing immunoglobulin (Ig)A production by B cells in the humoral immune response. However, to date, the role of these mediators was not investigated in chronic periodontitis. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the local levels of interleukin (IL)-21, IL-21 receptor (IL-21R), IL-4, IL-10 and CD40 ligand (CD40L) on chronic periodontitis subjects and their relationship with the salivary levels of IgA. Gingival biopsies and un-stimulated saliva were collected from chronic periodontitis (n = 15) and periodontally healthy (n = 15) subjects. The mRNA levels of IL-4, IL-10, IL-21, IL-21R, CD40L in the gingival biopsies were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The salivary levels of IgA and the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in the gingival biopsies were analyzed by ELISA. The mean levels of IgA were significantly higher in the chronic periodontitis compared to periodontally healthy group (P < 0.05). The mRNA levels for IL-21 was higher (P < 0.05) in the chronic periodontitis when compared to the healthy group. However, the expression of IL-21R and CD40L did not differ between groups. The IL-10 was significantly elevated at mRNA and protein levels in chronic periodontitis when compared to periodontally healthy group (P < 0.05). Conversely, the mRNA levels as well as the protein amount of IL-4 were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in chronic periodontitis than healthy ones. In conclusion, the upregulation of IL-21 and IL-10 and downregulation of IL-4 in periodontitis tissues may be collectively involved in the increased levels of salivary IgA in chronic periodontitis subjects.
Asunto(s)
Periodontitis Crónica/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina A/inmunología , Interleucina-10/inmunología , Interleucinas/inmunología , Saliva/inmunología , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Interleucina-10/análisis , Interleucinas/análisis , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Saliva/químicaRESUMEN
An ethanolic extract of leaves from the tree Casearia sylvestris, known as guaçatonga in Brazil, was tested for in vitro activity against oral pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The results showed susceptibility of all the microorganisms tested. This study suggests a potential use of ethanolic extract of C. sylvestris as a novel treatment of oral infectious conditions, such as denture stomatitis, periodontitis and dental caries.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Casearia , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , BocaRESUMEN
The Brazilian commercial ethanol propolis extract, also formulated to ensure physical and chemical stability, was found to inhibit oral candidiasis in 12 denture-bearing patients with prosthesis stomatitis candidiasis association.
Asunto(s)
Antifúngicos/farmacología , Candida albicans/efectos de los fármacos , Candidiasis Bucal/prevención & control , Fitoterapia , Própolis/farmacología , Adulto , Anciano , Animales , Antifúngicos/administración & dosificación , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Abejas , Brasil , Dentaduras , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Persona de Mediana Edad , Própolis/administración & dosificación , Própolis/uso terapéutico , Estomatitis/microbiologíaRESUMEN
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, the substantivity, and surface effects of the inclusion compound tetracycline: beta-cyclodextrin on bovine roots. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by dentine slabs which had been immersed in the inclusion complex in concentrations 8.0%, 4.0%, 2.0%, 1.0%, 0.5% and 0.25% for 5min compared to a control of tetracycline hydrochloride. Each slab was tested in a broth of overnight culture of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Y4-FDC). The inclusion complex significantly inhibited the A. actinomycetemcomitans (p<0.01) verified at concentrations from 1.0% to 8.0%. The substantivity of tetracycline was evaluated by the measure of desorption from the slabs previously immersed in solution samples and removed at 24h intervals. The tetracycline encapsulated in beta-cyclodextrin showed a flow rate near to zero order in comparison to free tetracycline. The surface morphology determined by SEM showed a more homogeneous and integrated layer with the complex compared to the effect of free tetracycline. We concluded that the root surfaces treated with tetracycline: beta-cyclodextrin release lower concentrations of active drug over 5 days at inhibitory concentrations against A. actinomycetemcomitans with enhanced disponibility in comparison to tetracycline.
Asunto(s)
Dentina/ultraestructura , Tetraciclina/química , Tetraciclina/farmacocinética , Actinobacillus/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacocinética , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Bovinos , Dentina/efectos de los fármacos , Dentina/metabolismo , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Tetraciclina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate retrospectively the profile of patients with oral paracoccidioidomycosis referred to two Dental Schools in Belo Horizonte (MG, Brazil) between 1955 and 1998. Despite the importance of the oral manifestations of this disease, few papers in the English literature have provided epidemiological data. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The medical records of 62 patients presenting oral paracoccidioidomycosis were reviewed in detail. Patient age, gender, race, occupation, site of lesion and type of clinical manifestation of the disease were tabulated. RESULTS: There was a predominance of male patients (97%), with a male:female ratio of 30:1. The mean age was 40 years. Most of the patients were farm workers (53%). Some patients presented multiple oral lesions (19 cases, 30%). The fungal lesions were found principally in the alveolar process and gingiva, but were also seen on the palate, lip and buccal mucosa. All patients had chronic proliferative mulberry-like ulcerated oral lesions and the diagnosis was confirmed histologically. The clinical records did not contain notes about pulmonary involvement by the lesions. CONCLUSION: The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiological profile of a specific population with the diagnosis of oral paracoccidioidomycosis. The major goal is to establish a scientific basis for initiating educational programs for prevention and early diagnosis of oral paracoccidioidomycosis.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de la Boca/patología , Paracoccidioidomicosis/patología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades de la Boca/epidemiología , Mucosa Bucal/microbiología , Paracoccidioidomicosis/epidemiología , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Jejunostomy is widely acknowledged in the literature as a means for enteral nutrition. Complication rates range from 16% to 46% for the classical open technique and from 11% to 70% for the several mini-invasive techniques currently in use, including the laparoscopic techniques. The most probable complications are abscess, intestinal obstruction, abdominal wall infection, intraperitoneal leakage, enterocutaneous fistula, and loss, elbowing, or even rupture of the enteral probe. The authors report the case of a patient with severe malnutrition concomitant with advanced gastric cancer who underwent jejunostomy because of an incapacity for normal oral feeding. Previous attempts to pass a nasal enteral probe were not successful, even with the aid of endoscopy. Videolaparoscopy was indicated for adequate staging of the neoplasm and for performance of video-assisted jejunostomy. During the procedure, an extensive carcinomatous process was observed that rendered comprehension of the abdominal anatomy extremely difficult. Consequently, while attempting jejunal catheterization, unintentional catheterization of the terminal ileum took place. The authors discuss this first reported case of unintentional ileostomy and review the literature.
Asunto(s)
Nutrición Enteral/efectos adversos , Íleon/lesiones , Complicaciones Intraoperatorias , Laparoscopía/efectos adversos , Anciano , Resultado Fatal , Femenino , Humanos , Laparoscopía/métodos , Masculino , Cirugía Asistida por VideoRESUMEN
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world, and mortality has remained the same for the past 50 years, despite advances in diagnosis and treatment. Because significant numbers of patients present with advanced or incurable stages, patients with pre-malignant lesions (adenomatous polyps) that occur as result of genetic inheritance or age should be screened, and patients with long-standing inflammatory bowel disease should undergo surveillance. There are different risk groups for CRC, as well as different screening strategies. It remains to be determined which screening protocol is the most cost-effective for each risk catagory. The objective of screening is to reduce morbidity and mortality in a target population. The purpose of this review is to analyze the results of the published CRC screening studies, with regard to the measured reduction of morbidity and mortality, due to CRC in the studied populations, following various screening procedures. The main screening techniques, used in combination or alone, include fecal occult blood tests, flexible sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy. Evidence from the published literature on screening methods for specific risk groups is scanty and frequently does not arise from controlled studies. Nevertheless, data from these studies, combined with recent advances in molecular genetics, certainly lead the way to greater efficacy and lower cost of CRC screening.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Colorrectales/diagnóstico , Tamizaje Masivo , Colonoscopía , Neoplasias Colorrectales/mortalidad , Neoplasias Colorrectales/prevención & control , Humanos , SigmoidoscopíaRESUMEN
We report the second case of infection with Chromobacterium violaceum that occurred in Brazil. A farm worker living in the State of São Paulo presented fever and severe abdominal pain for four days. At hospitalization the patient was in a toxemic state and had a distended and painful abdomen. Chest X-ray and abdominal ultrasound revealed bilateral pneumonia and hypoechoic areas in the liver. The patient developed failure of multiple organs and died a few hours later. Blood culture led to isolation of C. violaceum resistant to ampicillin and cephalosporins and sensitive to chloramphenicol, tetracyclin, aminoglicosydes, and ciprofloxacin. Autopsy revealed pulmonary microabscesses and multiple abscesses in the liver. The major features of this case are generally observed in infections by C. violaceum: rapid clinical course, multiple visceral abscesses, and high mortality. Because of the antimicrobial resistance profile of this Gram-negative bacillus, for appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy it is important to consider chromobacteriosis in the differential diagnosis of severe community infections in Brazil.
Asunto(s)
Chromobacterium , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/microbiología , Adulto , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Brasil/epidemiología , Chromobacterium/efectos de los fármacos , Chromobacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Resultado Fatal , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/epidemiología , Humanos , Absceso Hepático/diagnóstico , Absceso Hepático/microbiología , MasculinoRESUMEN
A case of cystic dilation isolated from the cystic duct is described. The patient showed symptoms of chronic calculous cholecystitis; the ultrasonographic examination confirmed the clinical hypothesis and showed a 1.3-cm calculus impacted in the infundibulum of the gallbladder. The hepatic and biliary functions were normal. During surgery, the routine cholangiographic study showed a sizable cyst in the cystic canal, as well as an anomalous duct uniting the cyst to the right hepatic duct. As for the rest of the extrahepatic biliary canal, as well as the intrahepatic canal, nothing abnormal was noticed. The videolaparoscopic treatment consisted of a ligature with a clip of the cystic duct and the anomalous duct plus en bloc resection of the cyst and the gallbladder. Histopathologic study showed it to be a benign cyst and chronic calculous cholecystitis. It is important to establish the site of the cyst precisely before surgery, as the procedure should include its resection, since it could be the source of infection or development of lithiasis and even malignant degeneration. There are two hypotheses for the appearance of cysts in the biliary tract: congenital, due to a flaw in the multiplication of the cells that will form the biliary tract during the fetal life, and by aggression by pancreatic juice flowing back to the main biliary canal. The congenital origin seems to be the hypothesis that better explains the appearance of the cyst in the case described here, considering that the backflow of the pancreatic juice could hardly have occurred because of the anatomy as observed: the nonexistence of the common biliary-pancreatic canal and the valvular mechanism, present in the cystic canal, between the cyst itself and the confluence of the cystic canal into the main biliary canal, in addition to the anomalous biliary canal communicating the cyst to the right intrahepatic canal.