RESUMEN
Raising public awareness about the medical aspects of obesity is crucial in Brazil, given its escalating prevalence. This study investigated the correlation between scientific research on obesity in the country and public awareness by scrutinizing scientific publications and online search trends. Scientific data were sourced from Dimensions, while online engagement data were extracted from Google Trends. Key metrics were analyzed, including scientific publication trends, Altmetrics, news image trends, YouTube trends, and web search trends. Linear regression and the Mann-Kendall test assessed trends, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) explored dataset variations. Scientific publications on obesity in Brazil consistently increased from 2004 to 2023, reflecting growing scientific interest. The number of publications increased from 300 in 2004 to 7566 in 2022, representing a 25-fold increase. However, web search trends among the general population declined by 79 % during the same period, indicating ineffective "knowledge translation". Altmetrics and news image trends fluctuated, while YouTube trends exhibited a decline. The disparity between scientific publications and public web search trends highlights the necessity for more efficient scientific information communication. The gap between scientific publishing and public web search trends highlights the need for improved scientific communication. Measures such as formal science communication training for scientists, leveraging social media, embracing arts-based approaches, and nurse advocacy can facilitate informed public discourse and foster interest in obesity-related topics.
RESUMEN
PURPOSE: To report two cases of ibrutinib-related uveitis and review the literature to date. METHODS: We report two cases of ibrutinib-related uveitis using CARE guidelines and review the cases reported in the literature. RESULTS: Case 1) A 55-year-old female with recurrent primary central nervous system lymphoma presented with bilateral decreased visual acuity, photophobia, and floaters that started one month after initiating oral treatment with ibrutinib. Chronic non-granulomatous bilateral anterior-intermediate uveitis with macular edema was identified. Secondary causes were ruled out, and a presumptive diagnosis of ibrutinib-related uveitis was made. Case 2) A 57-year-old female with Waldenström macroglobulinemia who was treated with ibrutinib for two years presented with bilateral blurred vision, photophobia, red eyes, and floaters. A diagnosis of non-granulomatous, noninfectious panuveitis with bilateral cystoid macular edema was made. Secondary causes were ruled out, and ibrutinib toxicity was the most likely cause. CONCLUSION: Ibrutinib-related uveitis is a novel and under-diagnosed clinical entity. The most frequent clinical presentation in the literature is bilateral, non-granulomatous, anterior, and intermediate uveitis. Macular edema is a frequent complication. Uveitis usually requires topical treatment and the suspension of ibrutinib. Switching to second-generation Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors is proposed as a potential therapeutic alternative.
Asunto(s)
Adenina , Piperidinas , Humanos , Femenino , Adenina/análogos & derivados , Adenina/efectos adversos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Piperidinas/efectos adversos , Tomografía de Coherencia Óptica , Agudeza Visual , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/efectos adversos , Uveítis/inducido químicamente , Uveítis/diagnóstico , Uveítis/tratamiento farmacológico , Linfoma no Hodgkin/tratamiento farmacológico , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenström/tratamiento farmacológico , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenström/diagnóstico , Pirimidinas/efectos adversos , Pirimidinas/uso terapéutico , Edema Macular/inducido químicamente , Edema Macular/diagnóstico , Edema Macular/tratamiento farmacológico , Angiografía con Fluoresceína , Pirazoles/efectos adversos , Pirazoles/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias del Sistema Nervioso Central/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias del Sistema Nervioso Central/diagnósticoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To synthesize the evidence and generate a combined weighted measure on the frequency of ocular manifestations of mucous membrane pemphigoid (OMMP). METHODS: Systematic literature review and meta-analysis, searching PubMed, Embase, VHL, and Google Scholar. Articles reporting patients with mucous membrane pemphigoid and ocular involvement were included. At least, two reviewers independently and in parallel participated in all the following phases; preliminary screening, full-text review, risk of bias assessment by validated tools, and data extraction. Qualitative analysis and meta-analysis were conducted. This study was previously registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023451844). RESULTS: Thirty-five studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 1,439 patients and 1,040 eyes summarized in qualitative analysis. Twenty-eight studies were included in the meta-analysis. Ages included ranged from 60.4 to 75 years. Women were reported with more frequency. The mean time for diagnosis was 55.1 months, usually with bilateral ocular disease in 90% (95% CI 78%; 96%). Trichiasis and entropion were the most frequent manifestations in up to 92%, followed by symblepharon and punctate keratitis. Ankyloblepharon, persistent epithelial defects, and visual impairment were less frequent complications. Direct immunofluorescence positivity in conjunctival biopsies was 54% (95% CI 43%; 64%). Extraocular involvement was highly frequent, being oral and skin involvement the most frequently reported. CONCLUSIONS: Our systematic review and meta-analysis evidenced that patients around 60 years of age are the most affected population with a female preponderance, usually with bilateral ocular involvement. Trichiasis and entropion were the most frequent findings; although visual impairment and persistent epithelial defects were less reported, they should not be overlooked in suspected OMMP.
RESUMEN
PURPOSE: Currently, inguinal hernias are highly prevalent in the Brazilian population, accounting for 75% of all abdominal wall hernias. The recommended treatment to correct them is inguinal herniorrhaphy, which can be performed through open surgery, mainly using the Lichtenstein technique, or laparoscopically, primarily through Transabdominal Preperitoneal Repair (TAPP) or Total Extraperitoneal Repair (TEP) approaches. Like any surgery, these procedures have post-operative complications, with pain being the most common and debilitating. Currently, in European and Brazilian guidelines, the open Lichtenstein and endoscopic inguinal hernia techniques are recommended as best evidence-based options for repair of a primary unilateral hernia providing the surgeon is sufficiently experienced in the specific procedure. In that matter, the surgeon should make a choice based on assessment of the benefits and risks of performing each of them, and practice shared making decision with it patient. Therefore, the objective of this review was to assess the incidence of chronic postoperative pain by comparing the aforementioned surgical approaches to evaluate which procedure causes less disability to the patient. METHODS: The search conducted until May 2024 was performed on Medline (PubMed), Cochrane (CENTRAL), and Lilacs databases. The selection was limited to randomized clinical trials, nonrandomized clinical trials and cohort studies comparing TAPP or TEP to LC, evaluating the incidence of chronic postoperative pain published between 2017 and 2023. Evidence certainty was assessed using the GRADE Pro tool, and bias risk was evaluated with the RoB 2.0 tool and ROBINS I tool. Thirteen studies were included. RESULTS: The meta-analysis showed a significant difference between the groups in both techniques, favoring the laparoscopic approach, which had a lower occurrence of postoperative inguinodynia with a relative risk of 0.49 (95% CI = 0.32, 0.75; I2 = 66% (P = 0.001); Z = 3.28 (P = 0.001) with low certainty of evidence. CONCLUSION: The presence of chronic postoperative pain was lower in laparoscopic TEP/TAPP techniques when compared to the open Lichtenstein technique, meaning that the former can bring more benefits to patients who requires inguinal herniorrhaphy. Nevertheless, further randomized clinical trials are needed to optimize the analysis, minimizing the bias.
Asunto(s)
Dolor Crónico , Hernia Inguinal , Herniorrafia , Laparoscopía , Dolor Postoperatorio , Humanos , Dolor Crónico/etiología , Dolor Crónico/epidemiología , Hernia Inguinal/cirugía , Herniorrafia/métodos , Herniorrafia/efectos adversos , Laparoscopía/efectos adversos , Laparoscopía/métodos , Dolor Postoperatorio/epidemiología , Dolor Postoperatorio/etiología , Mallas QuirúrgicasRESUMEN
GH acts in numerous organs expressing the GH receptor (GHR), including the brain. However, the mechanisms behind the brain's permeability to GH and how this hormone accesses different brain regions remain unclear. It is well-known that an acute GH administration induces phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (pSTAT5) in the mouse brain. Thus, the pattern of pSTAT5 immunoreactive cells was analyzed at different time points after IP or intracerebroventricular GH injections. After a systemic GH injection, the first cells expressing pSTAT5 were those near circumventricular organs, such as arcuate nucleus neurons adjacent to the median eminence. Both systemic and central GH injections induced a medial-to-lateral pattern of pSTAT5 immunoreactivity over time because GH-responsive cells were initially observed in periventricular areas and were progressively detected in lateral brain structures. Very few choroid plexus cells exhibited GH-induced pSTAT5. Additionally, Ghr mRNA was poorly expressed in the mouse choroid plexus. In contrast, some tanycytes lining the floor of the third ventricle expressed Ghr mRNA and exhibited GH-induced pSTAT5. The transport of radiolabeled GH into the hypothalamus did not differ between wild-type and dwarf Ghr knockout mice, indicating that GH transport into the mouse brain is GHR independent. Also, single-photon emission computed tomography confirmed that radiolabeled GH rapidly reaches the ventral part of the tuberal hypothalamus. In conclusion, our study provides novel and valuable information about the pattern and mechanisms behind GH transport into the mouse brain.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo , Hormona del Crecimiento , Receptores de Somatotropina , Factor de Transcripción STAT5 , Animales , Factor de Transcripción STAT5/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción STAT5/genética , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Hormona del Crecimiento/metabolismo , Ratones , Receptores de Somatotropina/metabolismo , Receptores de Somatotropina/genética , Masculino , Ratones Noqueados , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Fosforilación , Plexo Coroideo/metabolismo , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Inyecciones IntraventricularesRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To present an atypical case of severe bilateral ocular toxoplasmosis with systemic involvement that initially mimicked an autoimmune etiology, posing challenges to its diagnosis and treatment. CASE REPORT: A 39-year-old immunocompetent male was admitted to the hospital due to a presumed pulmonary thromboembolism concomitant with an abrupt onset of vision loss. Initial differential diagnoses included antiphospholipid syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus, prompting the administration of corticosteroid pulses and rituximab. Despite observing a partial systemic response, there was no improvement in visual acuity. Subsequent aqueous humor polymerase chain reaction confirmed Toxoplasma gondii infection, leading to the introduction of oral antibiotic therapy. The patient's condition showed a partially favorable response; however, the treatment could not reverse the permanent retinal damage. CONCLUSION AND IMPORTANCE: This case underscores the importance of ruling out an infectious etiology in all cases of uveitis. Additionally, it alerts clinicians to the possibility that elevated positive autoantibodies may result from a severe inflammatory reaction caused by pathogens rather than an autoimmune or autoinflammatory disease, particularly in instances of poor treatment response or atypical clinical presentation.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Autoinmunes , Toxoplasma , Toxoplasmosis Ocular , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Toxoplasmosis Ocular/diagnóstico , Toxoplasmosis Ocular/tratamiento farmacológico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Toxoplasma/inmunología , Toxoplasma/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Autoinmunes/inmunología , Humor Acuoso/parasitología , Agudeza Visual/fisiología , ADN Protozoario/análisis , Glucocorticoides/uso terapéutico , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/diagnóstico , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/complicaciones , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Parasitarias del Ojo/diagnóstico , Infecciones Parasitarias del Ojo/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Parasitarias del Ojo/parasitología , Síndrome Antifosfolípido/diagnóstico , Síndrome Antifosfolípido/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndrome Antifosfolípido/complicaciones , Reacción en Cadena de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a powerful, non-destructive, highly sensitive and a promising analytical technique to provide spectrochemical signatures of biological samples, where markers like carbohydrates, proteins, and phosphate groups of DNA can be recognized in biological micro-environment. However, method of measurements of large cells need an excessive time to achieve high quality images, making its clinical use difficult due to speed of data-acquisition and lack of optimized computational procedures. To address such challenges, Machine Learning (ML) based technologies can assist to assess an accurate prognostication of breast cancer (BC) subtypes with high performance. Here, we applied FTIR spectroscopy to identify breast cancer subtypes in order to differentiate between luminal (BT474) and non-luminal (SKBR3) molecular subtypes. For this reason, we tested multivariate classification technique to extract feature information employing three-dimension (3D)-discriminant analysis approach based on 3D-principle component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (3D-PCA-LDA) and 3D-principal component analysis-quadratic discriminant analysis (3D-PCA-QDA), showing an improvement in sensitivity (98%), specificity (94%) and accuracy (98%) parameters compared to conventional unfolded methods. Our results evidence that 3D-PCA-LDA and 3D-PCA-QDA are potential tools for discriminant analysis of hyperspectral dataset to obtain superior classification assessment.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama , Humanos , Femenino , Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier/métodos , Análisis Discriminante , Análisis de Componente Principal , Aprendizaje Automático , Microambiente TumoralRESUMEN
RESUMO O reconhecimento da autodeterminação tem vindo a ser evidente também no campo da Dificuldade Intelectual e Desenvolvimental (DID), visto que a pessoa deve assumir-se como agente ativo e decisor na própria vida. A aprendizagem das competências autodeterminadas é fundamental dada a sua transversalidade contextual, não se devendo restringir apenas à adolescência. Em Portugal, as evidências são escassas e baseadas no anterior modelo. Assim sendo, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar o perfil de autodeterminação, à luz da teoria do agente causal, de adultos com DID, no intuito de analisar as variáveis que o influenciam. A versão portuguesa do Inventário de Autodeterminação foi aplicada a 44 participantes entre os 21-73 anos (40.77±12.07), 20 do género feminino e 24 do masculino. Metade da amostra eram participantes com DID, todos institucionalizados. A consistência interna foi aceitável (α=.65). A análise comparativa pelo diagnóstico, género, idade, habilitações académicas, situação profissional e local de residência apontou a tendência para perfis semelhantes (p>.05). As diferenças encontradas estão associadas a perfis mais autodeterminados de adultos com DID, inferindo-se o maior peso das características envolvimentais do que individuais (diagnóstico). As pessoas com DID reconhecem a autodeterminação como relevante e apresentam as habilidades para a decisão. Recomendações para a investigação e para a prática serão avançadas.
ABSTRACT The recognition of self-determination has also become evident in the field of Intellectual and Developmental Disability (IDD), as the person must assume him/herself as an active agent and decision-maker in his/her own life. Learning self-determined skills is fundamental given their contextual transversality and should not be restricted to the period of adolescence. In Portugal, evidence is scarce and based on the previous model. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the self-determination profile, in the light of the causal agent theory, of adults with IDD, in order to analyze the variables that influence it. The Portuguese version of the Self-Determination Inventory was applied to 44 participants aged between 21-73 years old (40.77±12.07), 20 females and 24 males. Half of the sample were participants with IDD, all institutionalized. Internal consistency was acceptable (α=.65). The comparative analysis by diagnosis, gender, age, academic qualifications, professional status and place of residence showed a tendency towards similar profiles (p>.05). The differences found are associated with more self-determined profiles of adults with ID, inferring the greater weight of involvement characteristics than individual ones (diagnosis). People with IDD recognize self-determination as relevant and present decision-making skills. Recommendations for research and practice will be advanced.
RESUMEN
RESUMO Os atuais normativos no âmbito da educação inclusiva exigem metodologias de recolha de informação alinhadas com os mais recentes paradigmas. Assim, este estudo objetiva analisar as qualidades métricas (fiabilidade e validade) do Questionário sobre Educação Inclusiva, na dupla versão: professores e alunos. A partir da revisão de literatura e da consulta de instrumentos validados, estabeleceu-se uma versão inicial, avaliada por dez peritos, para a análise da validade de conteúdo (VC). Todos os itens foram considerados representativos, apresentando índices (IVC) superiores a .90 e acordos tendencialmente moderados (k>.30). No pré-teste, com dez participantes (n professores=5, n alunos=5), foi confirmada a fiabilidade ao nível da consistência interna total (α professores=.83; α alunos =.95) e estabilidade temporal (r professores=.92; r alunos=.80). A validade de constructo foi analisada com a aplicação da versão final a 305 professores, entre os 27 e os 68 anos (M=51.41; DP=7.73) e a 82 alunos, entre os 6 e os 20 anos (M=12.96; DP=3.32). As correlações entre secções são moderadas, mas contribuem significativamente (.74>r<.85) para o total. A análise fatorial exploratória aponta uma solução trifatorial e unifatorial explicando 41.88% e 48% da variância total, para professores e alunos, respetivamente. O questionário apresenta-se como um instrumento fiável para estudar perceções, práticas e culturas inclusivas vivenciadas na escola.
ABSTRACT Current legislative framework in the field of inclusive education requires collection methodologies aligned with the latest paradigms. Thus, this study aims to present the metric qualities (reliabillity and validity) of the Questionnaire on Inclusive Education, in its dual version: teachers and students. Based on the literature review and the consultation of validated instruments, an initial version, assessed by ten experts, was established for content validity (CV) analysis. All items were considered representative, presenting indices (IVC) higher than .90 and moderate agreement (k>.30). In the pre-test, with ten participants (n teachers=5, n students=5), reliability was confirmed at the level of total internal consistency (α teachers =.83; α students =.95) and temporal stability (r teachers=.92; r students=.80). The construct validity was analyzed by applying the final version to 305 teachers, aged 27 to 68 years (M=51.41; SD=7.73) and 82 students, aged 6 to 20 years (M=12.96; SD=3.32). The correlations between sections are moderate but contribute significantly (.74>r<.85) to the total. The exploratory factor analysis indicates a three-factor and a one-factor solution explaining 41.88% and 48% of the total variance, for teachers and students, respectively. The questionnaire is a reliable tool to study perceptions, practices and inclusive cultures experienced at school.
RESUMEN
Currently, the market offers a wide variety of suture threads, made of materials with different structural and chemical properties. Among many other characteristics, they vary in origin, absorption or degradation, and structure. From this variety, the clinical doubt arises as to which material provides the patient with the best healing quality. Objective: This study aims to comparatively evaluate two different types of suture threads-Monocryl® (polyglycaprone 25) and Ethilon® (nylon)-regarding their ability to aid in tissue regeneration by a histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the skin of rats sutured with the aforementioned materials. Methods: This basic experimental study used 12 adult Wistar rats, randomly divided into three groups with four animals each and subjected to four longitudinal incisions under anesthesia. Each group corresponded to a postsurgical evaluation date (one, seven, and 14 days). Results: At 14 postoperative days, the studied groups had no histological difference. However, the use of nylon thread showed greater evidence of earlier fibrotic union. Conclusion: This study found no histological difference in healing 14 days after surgery among the techniques and the types of suture threads. Level of Evidence II, Therapeutic Studies.
Atualmente, encontra-se disponível no mercado uma grande variedade de fios de sutura, compostos de materiais com diferentes propriedades estruturais e químicas, que variam quanto à origem, absorção ou degradação e estrutura, entre outras características. A partir dessa disponibilidade, emerge a dúvida clínica quanto ao material que propicia a melhor qualidade de cicatrização ao paciente. Objetivo: Avaliar comparativamente dois tipos de fios - Monocryl® (poliglicaprone 25) e Ethilon® (nylon) - quanto à sua capacidade de auxílio na regeneração tecidual, por meio da análise histológica e imuno-histoquímica da pele de ratos submetidos a suturas com esses materiais. Métodos: Neste estudo básico experimental, foram utilizados 12 ratos adultos da linhagem Wistar, randomicamente divididos em três grupos com quatros animais cada, que foram submetidos a quatro incisões longitudinais sob anestesia. Cada grupo correspondeu a uma data de avaliação pós-cirúrgica (1, 7 e 14 dias). Resultados: Passados 14 dias após a operação, não houve diferença histológica em relação aos grupos estudados. No entanto, o uso de fio de nylon apresentou evidência de união fibrótica mais precoce. Conclusão: Não há diferença histológica de cicatrização após 14 dias pós-operatórios entre as técnicas e os tipos de fio de sutura. Nível de Evidência II, Estudos Terapêuticos.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Tumour hypoxia is associated with increased metastasis, invasion, poor therapy response and prognosis. Most PET radiotracers developed and used for clinical hypoxia imaging belong to the 2-nitroimidazole family. Recently we have developed novel 2-nitroimidazole-derived PET radiotracer [18F]FBNA (N-(4-[18F]fluoro-benzyl)-2-(2-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-acet-amide), an 18F-labeled analogue of antiparasitic drug benznidazole. The present study aimed to analyze its radio-pharmacological properties and systematically compare its PET imaging profiles with [18F]FMISO and [18F]FAZA in preclinical triple-negative (MDA-MB231) and estrogen receptor-positive (MCF-7) breast cancer models. METHODS: In vitro cellular uptake experiments were carried out in MDA-MB321 and MCF-7 cells under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Metabolic stability in vivo was determined in BALB/c mice using radio-TLC analysis. Dynamic PET experiments over 3 h post-injection were performed in MDA-MB231 and MCF-7 tumour-bearing mice. Those PET data were used for kinetic modelling analysis utilizing the reversible two-tissue-compartment model. Autoradiography was carried out in tumour tissue slices and compared to HIF-1α immunohistochemistry. Detailed ex vivo biodistribution was accomplished in BALB/c mice, and this biodistribution data were used for dosimetry calculation. RESULTS: Under hypoxic conditions in vitro cellular uptake was elevated in both cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB231, for all three radiotracers. After intravenous injection, [18F]FBNA formed two radiometabolites, resulting in a final fraction of 65 ± 9 % intact [18F]FBNA after 60 min p.i. After 3 h p.i., [18F]FBNA tumour uptake reached SUV values of 0.78 ± 0.01 in MCF-7 and 0.61 ± 0.04 in MDA-MB231 tumours (both n = 3), representing tumour-to-muscle ratios of 2.19 ± 0.04 and 1.98 ± 0.15, respectively. [18F]FMISO resulted in higher tumour uptakes (SUV 1.36 ± 0.04 in MCF-7 and 1.23 ± 0.08 in MDA-MB231 (both n = 4; p < 0.05) than [18F]FAZA (0.66 ± 0.11 in MCF-7 and 0.63 ± 0.14 in MDA-MB231 (both n = 4; n.s.)), representing tumour-to-muscle ratios of 3.24 ± 0.30 and 3.32 ± 0.50 for [18F]FMISO, and 2.92 ± 0.74 and 3.00 ± 0.42 for [18F]FAZA, respectively. While the fraction per time of radiotracer entering the second compartment (k3) was similar within uncertainties for all three radiotracers in MDA-MB231 tumours, it was different in MCF-7 tumours. The ratios k3/(k3 + k2) and K1*k3/(k3 + k2) in MCF-7 tumours were also significantly different, indicating dissimilar fractions of radiotracer bound and trapped intracellularly: K1*k3/(k2 + k3) [18F]FMISO (0.0088 ± 0.001)/min, n = 4; p < 0.001) > [18F]FAZA (0.0052 ± 0.002)/min, n = 4; p < 0.01) > [18F]FBNA (0.003 ± 0.001)/min, n = 3). In contrast, in MDA-MB231 tumours, only K1 was significantly elevated for [18F]FMISO. However, this did not result in significant differences for K1*k3/(k2 + k3) for all three 2-nitroimidazoles in MDA-MB231 tumours. CONCLUSION: Novel 2-nitroimidazole PET radiotracer [18F]FBNA showed uptake into hypoxic breast cancer cells and tumour tissue presumably associated with elevated HIF1-α expression. Systematic comparison of PET imaging performance with [18F]FMISO and [18F]FAZA in different types of preclinical breast cancer models revealed a similar tumour uptake profile for [18F]FBNA with [18F]FAZA and, despite its higher lipophilicity, still a slightly higher muscle tissue clearance compared to [18F]FMISO.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama , Nitroimidazoles , Humanos , Ratones , Animales , Femenino , Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico por imagen , Xenoinjertos , Distribución Tisular , Nitroimidazoles/química , Hipoxia , Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones/métodos , Hipoxia de la Célula , RadiofármacosRESUMEN
RESUMO Défices na Comunicação Social e Interação Social (CSIS) e nos Padrões Restritos e Repetitivos de Comportamentos, Interesses ou Atividades (PRRCIA) em crianças com Perturbação do Espetro do Autismo (PEA) são frequentemente explicados por problemas nas funções executivas (FE) e empatia. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar associações entre FE e empatia em 75 crianças com PEA (9,67±1,29), previamente separadas em dois grupos de acordo com a frequência de comportamentos típicos da PEA. Usando o Inventário Comportamental de Avaliação das Funções Executivas - Pais e a Escala de Avaliação da Empatia foram encontradas diferentes associações entre FE e empatia em ambos os grupos. No grupo com baixa frequência de comportamentos, as FE têm maior associação com CSIS (Grupo 1) do que os PRRCIA. O grupo com maior frequência de comportamentos e frequência mais homogênea entre os dois domínios (Grupo 2) apresentou associações mais fortes entre FE e PRRCIA e entre FE e empatia cognitiva. Comportamentos típicos do PEA foram melhor explicados pelas FE do que por empatia. A identificação de dificuldades nos processos neurocognitivos implicados nos comportamentos típicos da PEA poderá levar à maior adequação da intervenção numa perspetiva mais abrangente e, consequentemente, melhorar o funcionamento e comportamento adaptativo da criança no seu dia a dia.
ABSTRACT Deficits in Social Communication and Interaction (SCI) and Restricted and Repetitive Behaviours and Interests (RRBI) in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are frequently explained by problems in executive functions (EF) and empathy. The goal of these study was to analyze associations between EF and empathy in 75 children with ASD (9.67±1.29), previously separated into two groups according to the ASD behaviour frequency. Using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function for parents and the Empathy Assessment Scale, different associations between EF and empathy in both groups were found. In the group with low frequency of behaviours, EF have a greater association with the SCI (Group 1) than RBBI. The group with higher frequency of behaviours and more homogeneous frequency between the two domains (Group 2) presented stronger associations between EF and RBBI, and between EF and cognitive empathy. ASD typical behaviours were better explained by EF rather than empathy. The identification of difficulties in the neurocognitive processes involved in the typical behaviors of ASD may lead to a greater adequacy of the intervention in a broader perspective and, consequently, improve the functioning and adaptive behavior of the child in their daily lives.
RESUMEN
ABSTRACT Currently, the market offers a wide variety of suture threads, made of materials with different structural and chemical properties. Among many other characteristics, they vary in origin, absorption or degradation, and structure. From this variety, the clinical doubt arises as to which material provides the patient with the best healing quality. Objective: This study aims to comparatively evaluate two different types of suture threads-Monocryl® (polyglycaprone 25) and Ethilon® (nylon)-regarding their ability to aid in tissue regeneration by a histological and immunohistochemical analysis of the skin of rats sutured with the aforementioned materials. Methods: This basic experimental study used 12 adult Wistar rats, randomly divided into three groups with four animals each and subjected to four longitudinal incisions under anesthesia. Each group corresponded to a postsurgical evaluation date (one, seven, and 14 days). Results: At 14 postoperative days, the studied groups had no histological difference. However, the use of nylon thread showed greater evidence of earlier fibrotic union. Conclusion: This study found no histological difference in healing 14 days after surgery among the techniques and the types of suture threads. Level of Evidence II, Therapeutic Studies.
RESUMO Atualmente, encontra-se disponível no mercado uma grande variedade de fios de sutura, compostos de materiais com diferentes propriedades estruturais e químicas, que variam quanto à origem, absorção ou degradação e estrutura, entre outras características. A partir dessa disponibilidade, emerge a dúvida clínica quanto ao material que propicia a melhor qualidade de cicatrização ao paciente. Objetivo: Avaliar comparativamente dois tipos de fios - Monocryl ® (poliglicaprone 25) e Ethilon ® (nylon) - quanto à sua capacidade de auxílio na regeneração tecidual, por meio da análise histológica e imuno-histoquímica da pele de ratos submetidos a suturas com esses materiais. Métodos: Neste estudo básico experimental, foram utilizados 12 ratos adultos da linhagem Wistar, randomicamente divididos em três grupos com quatros animais cada, que foram submetidos a quatro incisões longitudinais sob anestesia. Cada grupo correspondeu a uma data de avaliação pós-cirúrgica (1, 7 e 14 dias). Resultados: Passados 14 dias após a operação, não houve diferença histológica em relação aos grupos estudados. No entanto, o uso de fio de nylon apresentou evidência de união fibrótica mais precoce. Conclusão: Não há diferença histológica de cicatrização após 14 dias pós-operatórios entre as técnicas e os tipos de fio de sutura. Nível de Evidência II, Estudos Terapêuticos.
RESUMEN
Resumo Introdução Os Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Territorial, apesar de serem serviços substitutivos à internação psiquiátrica hospitalar, vem sendo afetado por práticas retrógradas, as quais dificultam o trabalho interdisciplinar e humanizado. Objetivo Compreender os modelos de atenção e os paradigmas existentes que orientam o processo de trabalho em saúde mental em Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Territorial. Métodos Estudo qualitativo, com abordagem reflexiva e crítica. Participaram do estudo 15 trabalhadores de nível médio e superior que atuavam nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Territorial de um município do estado do Ceará, Brasil, cujos relatos, coletados por meio de entrevistas individuais, semiestruturadas, as quais foram gravadas, tiveram seus corpos textuais tratados pelo software Iramuteq. Resultados As reflexões sobre as evidências empíricas nos conduzem para a institucionalização e enraizamento do modelo psiquiátrico clássico, sob a roupagem do modelo de atenção psicossocial territorial. Apesar de não haver mais barreiras e o aprisionamento físico dos usuários da Rede de Atenção Psicossocial territorial, estes vem se tornando dependentes do cuidado quase que exclusivo dentro dos serviços, sob forte caracter biomédico, pela dificuldade em desenvolver o processo de trabalho interdisciplinar de base territorial, havendo práticas pontuais de cuidado e prescrição medicamentosa. Considerações finais Torna-se preciso retomar o percurso reformista, o qual fortifique a estrutura da Política Nacional de Saúde Mental, considerando além do usuários, os trabalhadores, por meio da educação permanente em saúde, na garantia dos direitos sociais e trabalhistas, os quais favorecam a efetivação do modelo de Atenção Psicossocial Territorial.
Abstract Introduction The Territorial Psychosocial Care Centers, despite being substitutive services for psychiatric hospitalization, have been affected by retrograde practices, which make interdisciplinary and humanized work difficult. Objective To understand the care models and existing paradigms that guide the mental health work process in the Territorial Psychosocial Care Centers. Methods Qualitative study, with a reflective and critical approach. Participated in the study 15 secondary and higher education workers who worked in the Territorial Psychosocial Care Centers of a county in the state of Ceará, Brazil, whose reports, collected through individual, semi-structured interviews, which were recorded, had their textual bodies treated by the Iramuteq software. Results Reflections on empirical evidence lead us to the institutionalization and rooting of the classic psychiatric model, under the guise of the territorial psychosocial care model. Although there are no more barriers and the physical imprisonment of users of the Territorial Psychosocial Care Network, they have become dependent on almost exclusive care within the services, under a strong biomedical character, due to the difficulty in developing the interdisciplinary work process of territorial basis, with specific practices of care and drug prescription. Final considerations It is necessary to resume the reformist path, which strengthens the structure of the National Mental Health Policy, considering, in addition to the users, the workers, through permanent health education, in the guarantee of social and labor rights, which favor the effectiveness of the Territorial Psychosocial Care model.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: 2-[18F]Fluoroethyltosylate ([18F]FEtOTs) is a well-known 18F-fluoroalkylating agent widely used to synthesize radiotracers for positron emission tomography. The widespread use of [18F]FEtOTs is due in part to its low volatility when compared to other halide and sulfonate building blocks. In this work, the radioactive volatile side-products formed during the synthesis of [18F]FEtOTs were identified and characterized for the first time, and an optimization of the reaction conditions to minimize their formation was proposed. RESULTS: In order to characterize the volatiles produced during [18F]FEtOTs synthesis, the reaction mixtures of both cold FEtOTs and [18F]FEtOTs were co-injected onto the HPLC system. The radioactive peaks corresponding to the volatile compounds were collected, analyzed through headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry sampler (HS-GC-MS) and identified as vinyl fluoride ([19F]VF) and 2-fluoroethanol ([19F]FEOH). By using a rotatable central composite design with a two-level full factorial core of two factors (22), it was determined that temperature and time are independent variables which affect the generation of [18F]VF and [18F]FEOH during the radiosynthesis of [18F]FEtOTs. In addition, in order to reduce the formation of the volatiles ([18F]VF and [18F]FEOH) and increase the yield of [18F]FEtOTs, it was demonstrated that the molar ratio of base to precursor must also be considered. CONCLUSION: [18F]VF and [18F]FEOH are volatile side-products formed during the radiosynthesis of [18F]FEtOTs, whose yields depend on the reaction time, temperature, and the molar ratio of base to precursor. Therefore, special care should be taken during the radiosynthesis and subsequent reactions using [18F]FEOTs in order to avoid environmental contamination and to improve the yield of the desired products.
RESUMEN
Lycopene is a hydrocarbon-carotenoid commonly found in red fruits intake with major function correlated to antioxidative capacity in several pathological conditions, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, lycopene has been associated with hematopoiesis, although the effects on B lymphocyte differentiation and antibody production are poorly understood. In this work, the principal aim was to investigate whether lycopene affects B lymphopoiesis and terminal differentiation into plasma cells. Distinct in vivo and in vitro strategies based on lycopene supplementation were used direct in Balb/c mice or in culture systems with cells derived of these mice. In the bone marrow, lycopene expanded B220+IgM- progenitor B cells and B220+IgM+ immature B lymphocytes. In the spleen, lycopene induced terminal CD138+ plasma cell generation. In the blood, we found prominent IgA and low IgM levels after lycopene administration. Interestingly, the pattern of peritoneal IgM+ and IgA+ B cells indicated a significant IgM-to-IgA class switching after lycopene injection. These data indicated that lycopene induces B cell differentiation into IgA-producing plasma cells. Thus, a new cellular function has been attributed to lycopene for B lymphocyte biology and possibly associated with humoral responses and mucosal immunity.
Asunto(s)
Médula Ósea , Linfopoyesis , Animales , Células de la Médula Ósea , Diferenciación Celular , Inmunoglobulina A , Inmunoglobulina M , Licopeno/farmacología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB CRESUMEN
Mucoceles of the appendix are rare and can have quite variable imaging and clinical presentations, sometimes mimicking an adnexal mass. The underlying cause can be neoplastic or non-neoplastic. The typical imaging appearance of a mucocele of the appendix is that of a cystic structure with a tubular morphology. This structure is defined by having a blind-ending and being contiguous with the cecum. Radiologists should be familiar with key anatomical landmarks and with the various imaging features of mucoceles of the appendix, in order to provide a meaningful differential diagnosis of a lesion in the right lower abdominal quadrant. In addition, a neoplastic mucocele can rupture, resulting in pseudomyxoma peritonei, which will change the prognosis dramatically. Therefore, prompt diagnostic imaging is crucial.
Mucoceles do apêndice são raras e podem ter uma apresentação clínica e imagiológica bastante variável, por vezes mimetizando patologia anexial. As causas subjacentes podem ser neoplásicas ou não neoplásicas. O aspecto de imagem típico de mucoceles do apêndice é o de uma estrutura de natureza cística com morfologia tubular. Esta estrutura deverá terminar "em fundo cego" e ser contígua com o ceco. Os radiologistas devem estar familiarizados com os pontos anatômicos de referência e com as diferentes características imagiológicas de mucoceles do apêndice, de modo a fornecer um adequado diagnóstico diferencial de uma lesão localizada no quadrante abdominal inferior direito. Para além disso, uma mucocele neoplásica pode sofrer ruptura, resultando em pseudomixoma peritoneal, o que altera drasticamente o prognóstico. Assim, o diagnóstico por imagem em tempo útil é crucial.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Tissue hypoxia is a pathological condition characterized by reducing oxygen supply. Hypoxia is a hallmark of tumor environment and is commonly observed in many solid tumors. Non-invasive imaging techniques like positron emission tomography (PET) are at the forefront of detecting and monitoring tissue hypoxia changes in vivo. RESULTS: We have developed a novel 18F-labeled radiotracer for hypoxia PET imaging based on cytotoxic agent benznidazole. Radiotracer N-(4-[18F]fluorobenzyl)-2-(2-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)acetamide ([18F]FBNA) was synthesized through acylation chemistry with readily available 4-[18F]fluorobenzyl amine. Radiotracer [18F]FBNA was obtained in good radiochemical yields (47.4 ± 5.3%) and high radiochemical purity (> 95%). The total synthesis time was 100 min, including HPLC purification and the molar activity was greater than 40 GBq/µmol. Radiotracer [18F]FBNA was stable in saline and mouse serum for 6 h. [18F]FBNA partition coefficient (logP = 1.05) was found to be more lipophilic than [18F]EF-5 (logP = 0.75), [18F]FMISO (logP = 0.4) and [18F]FAZA (logP = - 0.4). In vitro studies showed that [18F]FBNA accumulates in gastric cancer cell lines AGS and MKN45 under hypoxic conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Hence, [18F]FBNA represents a novel and easy-to-prepare PET radioligand for imaging hypoxia.