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BACKGROUND: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a high prevalence neurological disorder. Surgery has emerged as a promising treatment. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work is to compare the surgical results of anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) versus selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SAH) in a cohort of 132 patients. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 146 patients operated for TLE from 2008 to 2019. Initially, 13 patients were excluded from the study due to insufficient medical record data or follow-up loss. One patient was excluded from the analysis of the results due to death in the first postoperative week. We used the ILAE scale to classify seizure control after surgery. In patients with left hippocampal sclerosis, SAH was performed and in right temporal lobe epilepsy, ATL was the approach of choice. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time after surgery was 57.2 months (12-137). In our data analysis, we found that the group of patients undergoing ATL had a higher prevalence of being completely seizure-free (ILAE I) (57.1% versus 31%) and a higher rate of satisfactory seizure control (88.6% versus 69.3%) p = 0,006, when compared with patients undergoing SAH. CONCLUSION: The literature is still controversial about seizure control concerning the technique used due to the lack of a robust methodology. Our data analysis identified the superiority of ATL over SAH in seizure outcomes. ATL may be the best option for adequately controlling seizures with minimal additional morbidity in countries with a cost limitation for extended propaedeutics.

ANTECEDENTES: A epilepsia do lobo temporal (TLE) é uma desordem neurológica de alta prevalência. A cirurgia surgiu como um tratamento promissor. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste trabalho é comparar os resultados da lobectomia temporal anterior (ATL) versus amigdalohipocampectomia seletiva (SAH) em uma coorte de 132 pacientes. MéTODOS: Realizamos um estudo retrospectivo de 146 pacientes operados por TLE de 2008 a 2019. Inicialmente, 13 pacientes foram excluídos por insuficiência de dados em prontuário ou perda de seguimento. Um paciente foi excluído da análise por óbito na primeira semana de pós-operatório. Usamos a escala ILAE para classificar o controle das crises após a cirurgia. Em pacientes com esclerose hipocampal à esquerda, foi realizada a SAH, e na epilepsia do lobo temporal à direita, a ATL foi a abordagem de escolha. RESULTADOS: O tempo médio de seguimento após a cirurgia foi de 57,2 meses (12­137). Em nossa avaliação, encontramos que o grupo de pacientes submetidos à ATL apresentou maior prevalência de ausência total de crises (ILAE I) (57,1% versus 31%) e maior taxa de controle satisfatório da epilepsia (88,6% versus 69,3%) p = 0,006, quando comparado ao grupo submetido à SAH. CONCLUSãO: A literatura ainda é controversa em relação à redução das crises de acordo com a técnica utilizada devido a falta de uma metodologia robusta. Nosso estudo identificou superioridade da ATL sobre a SAH nos desfechos convulsivos. ATL pode ser a melhor opção para controlar adequadamente as convulsões com morbidade adicional mínima em países com limitação de custo para propedêutica estendida.

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Abstract Background Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a high prevalence neurological disorder. Surgery has emerged as a promising treatment. Objective The objective of this work is to compare the surgical results of anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) versus selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SAH) in a cohort of 132 patients. Methods We performed a retrospective study of 146 patients operated for TLE from 2008 to 2019. Initially, 13 patients were excluded from the study due to insufficient medical record data or follow-up loss. One patient was excluded from the analysis of the results due to death in the first postoperative week. We used the ILAE scale to classify seizure control after surgery. In patients with left hippocampal sclerosis, SAH was performed and in right temporal lobe epilepsy, ATL was the approach of choice. Results The mean follow-up time after surgery was 57.2 months (12-137). In our data analysis, we found that the group of patients undergoing ATL had a higher prevalence of being completely seizure-free (ILAE I) (57.1% versus 31%) and a higher rate of satisfactory seizure control (88.6% versus 69.3%) p = 0,006, when compared with patients undergoing SAH. Conclusions The literature is still controversial about seizure control concerning the technique used due to the lack of a robust methodology. Our data analysis identified the superiority of ATL over SAH in seizure outcomes. ATL may be the best option for adequately controlling seizures with minimal additional morbidity in countries with a cost limitation for extended propaedeutics.

Resumo Antecedentes A epilepsia do lobo temporal (TLE) é uma desordem neurológica de alta prevalência. A cirurgia surgiu como um tratamento promissor. Objetivo O objetivo deste trabalho é comparar os resultados da lobectomia temporal anterior (ATL) versus amigdalohipocampectomia seletiva (SAH) em uma coorte de 132 pacientes. Métodos Realizamos um estudo retrospectivo de 146 pacientes operados por TLE de 2008 a 2019. Inicialmente, 13 pacientes foram excluídos por insuficiência de dados em prontuário ou perda de seguimento. Um paciente foi excluído da análise por óbito na primeira semana de pós-operatório. Usamos a escala ILAE para classificar o controle das crises após a cirurgia. Em pacientes com esclerose hipocampal à esquerda, foi realizada a SAH, e na epilepsia do lobo temporal à direita, a ATL foi a abordagem de escolha. Resultados O tempo médio de seguimento após a cirurgia foi de 57,2 meses (12-137). Em nossa avaliação, encontramos que o grupo de pacientes submetidos à ATL apresentou maior prevalência de ausência total de crises (ILAE I) (57,1% versus 31%) e maior taxa de controle satisfatório da epilepsia (88,6% versus 69,3%) p = 0,006, quando comparado ao grupo submetido à SAH. Resultados A literatura ainda é controversa em relação à redução das crises de acordo com a técnica utilizada devido a falta de uma metodologia robusta. Nosso estudo identificou superioridade da ATL sobre a SAH nos desfechos convulsivos. ATL pode ser a melhor opção para controlar adequadamente as convulsões com morbidade adicional mínima em países com limitação de custo para propedêutica estendida.

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OBJECTIVE: Oxidative stress plays an important role in neuropathic pain (NP). Spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) can exert beneficial effects on pain outcomes in humans and in animal models. SMT can also modulate oxidative stress markers in both humans and animals. We aimed to determine the effect of Impulse®-assisted SMT (ISMT) on nociception and oxidative stress biomarkers in the spinal cords and sciatic nerves of rats with NP. METHODS: NP was induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. Animals were randomly assigned to naive, sham (rats with sciatic nerve exposure but without ligatures), or CCI, with and without ISMT. ISMT was applied onto the skin area corresponding to the spinous process of L4-L5, three times per week for 2 weeks. Mechanical threshold, latency to paw withdrawal in response to thermal stimulus, and oxidative stress biomarkers in the spinal cord and sciatic nerve were the main outcomes evaluated. RESULTS: ISMT significantly increased mechanical threshold and withdrawal latency after CCI. In the spinal cord, ISMT prevented the increase of pro-oxidative superoxide anion generation and hydrogen peroxide levels. Lipid hydroperoxide levels both in the spinal cord and in the sciatic nerve were attenuated by ISMT. Total antioxidant capacity increased in the spinal cords and sciatic nerves of CCI rats with and without ISMT. CCI and ISMT did not significantly change the total thiol content of the spinal cord. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that reduced oxidative stress in the spinal cord and/or nerve may be an important mechanism underlying a therapeutic effect of SMT to manage NP nonpharmacologically.

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OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed to compare the 12-month clinical performance of two full-body bulk-fill resin composites Filtek bulk fill/3M ESPE (FBF) and Tetric EvoCeram bulk fill/Ivoclar Vivadent (TBF) and a conventional microhybrid resin composite Filtek Z250/3M ESPE (Z250) using the modified the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) and Federation Dentaire Internationale (FDI) criteria. Also, the agreement between the two evaluation criteria was evaluated at baseline and after 12 months of follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 138 class I and II restorations were placed in posterior teeth (split-mouth design) of 46 volunteers following manufacturer's instructions and bonded with a self-etching bonding agent (Clear fill SE Bond/Kuraray). The restorations were evaluated at baseline and after 12 months of follow-up by three previously calibrated dentists (Cohen's K = 0.84). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Fisher's exact test and Pearson's Chi-squared test were used to evaluating the homogeneity of distribution of the clinical characteristics. Friedman's test was applied to evaluate differences among the resin composites. The results obtained for the USPHS and FDI criteria at the different observation times were compared using the Wilcoxon test. A level of significance of 0.05 was adopted for all tests. RESULTS: After 12 months (recall rate, 78.3%, n = 36 patients), the overall success rate was 99.07% for both criteria. Only one failed restoration (0.93%) was detected for each system during follow-up in the TBF group. CONCLUSION: The bulk-fill resin composites showed satisfactory clinical performance compared with conventional resin composite after 12 months. The percentage of the acceptable scores was significantly higher for the USPHS criteria, due to discrepancies in the score description for each criterion.

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ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in neuropathic pain (i.e., pain caused by lesion or disease of the somatosensory system). We showed previously that the aqueous extract prepared from Luehea divaricata leaves, a plant explored by native ethnic groups of Brazil to treat different pathologic conditions, exhibits good antioxidant activity and induces analgesia in rats with neuropathic pain (J Ethnopharmacol, 2020; 256:112761. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112761). The effect was comparable to that of gabapentin, a drug recommended as first-line treatment for neuropathic pain. However, increasing evidence has indicated the need to accurately determine the oxidative stress level of an individual before prescribing supplemental antioxidants. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study assessed the effects of the oral administration of aqueous extract from leaves of L. divaricata on the sciatic functional index (SFI) and spinal-cord pro-oxidant and antioxidant markers of rats with neuropathic pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Placement of four loose chromic thread ligatures around the sciatic nerve produced chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve, a commonly employed animal model to study neuropathic pain. Aqueous extract from leaves of L. divaricata (100, 300, 500 and 1000 mg/kg), gabapentin (50 mg/kg) and aqueous extract (500 mg/kg) + gabapentin (30 mg/kg) were administrated per gavage daily for 10 or 35 days post-CCI. Antinociception was assessed using the von Frey test while SFI showed functional recovery post-nerve lesion throughout the experimental period. At days 10 and 35 post-surgery, the lumbosacral spinal cord and a segment of the injured sciatic nerve were dissected out and used to determine lipid hydroperoxide levels and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The spinal cord was also used to determine superoxide anion generation (SAG), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels and total thiol content. RESULTS: As expected, the extract, gabapentin and extract + gabapentin induced antinociception in CCI rats. While no significant functional recovery was found at 10 days post-CCI, a significant recovery was found in SFI of extract-treated CCI rats at 21 and 35 days post-CCI. A significant functional recovery was found already at day 10 post-CCI in gabapentin and gabapentin + extract-treated CCI rats. The extract treatment prevented increases in lipid hydroperoxides levels and TAC in injured sciatic nerve, which were found in this tissue of vehicle-treated rats at 10 days post-CCI. Extract also prevented an increase in SAG, H2O2 and lipid hydroperoxides levels in the spinal cord, which were elevated in this tissue of vehicle-treated rats at 10 and 35 days post-CCI. Extract also prevented a decrease in total thiol content and an increase in TAC in the spinal cord of CCI rats in these same time periods. CONCLUSIONS: Aqueous extract from L. divaricata leaves was demonstrated, for the first time, to improve SFI and modulate oxidative stress markers in injured sciatic nerve and spinal cord of CCI rats. Thus, the antinociceptive effect of the extract involves modulation of oxidative stress markers in injured sciatic nerve and spinal cord.

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ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Luehea divaricata, popularly known in Brazil as "açoita-cavalo", has been widely explored by different ethnic groups native to Brazil to treat different pathologic conditions, including inflammatory pain. However, no report could be found on the effect that extract of L. divaricata has on neuropathic pain. This is an important topic because convergent and divergent mechanisms underlie inflammatory vs. neuropathic pain indicate that there may not always be a clear mechanistic delineation between these two conditions. AIM OF THE STUDY: The study aimed to determine antioxidant activity and macronutrient composition of aqueous extract from leaves of L. divaricata, and the effect of oral administration on nociception in rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve-induced neuropathic pain, one of the most commonly employed animal models of neuropathic pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The antioxidant activity of the extract was evaluated by total phenolic content and DPPH, ABTS●+ and ORAC methods. Vitexin was determined by HPLC to show that the composition of the extract of the present study is similar to that used in previous studies with this genus. Total sugar and sucrose concentrations were assessed by the anthrone method, while glucose and triacilglycerides were determined using commercially available kits. Fructose concentration was calculated from values for total sugars, glucose and sucrose. Total protein was determined by Bradford assay. The effect on DNA strand breaking was investigated by inhibition of strand breaking of supercoiled DNA by hydroxyl radical. The antinociceptive effects of aqueous extract (100, 300, 500, and 1000 mg/kg, i.g.) were evaluated on thermal and mechanical thresholds for neuropathic pain induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in rats. We also compared the antinociceptive effect of the extract (500 mg/kg, i.g.) with that induced by gabapentin (50 mg/kg, i.g.), a first-line clinical treatment for neuropathic pain. The effect of co-administration of extract (500 mg/kg, i.g.) and low-dose gabapentin (30 mg/kg, i.g.) was also assessed. In addition, the effect of the extract on body weight, and blood and hepatic parameters were investigated to reveal possible side effects of treatment. RESULTS: The extract showed high content of total phenol; good reducing capacity for DPPH, ABTS●+ and ORAC assays; presence of vitexin; and a high capacity to inhibit strand breaking of supercoiled DNA. The predominant sugar was sucrose, followed by glucose and fructose. Total protein was greater than triacylglycerides, with the latter being present in a trace amount in the extract. The extract increased the thermal and mechanical thresholds, which was reduced by CCI. The antinociceptive effect was comparable to gabapentin and was also found after co-administration of extract and low-dose gabapentin. No significant change was found in body weight and blood and hepatic indicators after extract treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Aqueous extract from L. divaricata leaves was as effective as gabapentin at attenuating CCI-induced neuropathic pain, indicating for first time the therapeutic potential of this species for this type of pain.

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ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Angelman syndrome is characterized by severe mental retardation and speech and seizure disorders. This rare genetic condition is associated with changes in GABAA receptor. Patients with Angelman syndrome need to be sedated during an electroencephalogram ordered for diagnostic purposes or evolutionary control. Dexmedetomidine, whose action is independent of GABA receptor, promotes a sleep similar to physiological sleep and can facilitate the performing of this examination in patients with Angelman syndrome. CASE REPORT: Female patient, 14 years old, with Angelman syndrome; electroencephalogram done under sedation with dexmedetomidine. The procedure was uneventful and bradycardia or respiratory depression was not recorded. The examination was successfully interpreted and epileptiform activity was not observed. CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine promoted satisfactory sedation, was well tolerated and enabled the interpretation of the electroencephalogram in a patient with Angelman syndrome and seizure disorder.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: a síndrome de Angelman (SA) é caracterizada por retardo mental grave, distúrbio da fala e desordem convulsiva. Essa condição genética rara está associada a alterações do receptor GABA-A. Pacientes portadores de SA necessitam ser sedados durante a feitura de eletroencefalograma (EEG), indicado para fins diagnósticos ou controle evolutivo. A dexmedetomidina, cuja ação independe do receptor GABA, promove sono semelhante ao fisiológico e pode viabilizar a feitura desse exame em pacientes com SA. RELATO DE CASO: paciente feminina, 14 anos, portadora de SA, fez EEG sob sedação com dexmedetomidina. O procedimento transcorreu sem intercorrências e não foi registrada bradicardia ou depressão respiratória. O exame foi interpretado com sucesso e atividade epileptiforme não foi observada. CONCLUSÃO: a dexmedetomidina promoveu sedação satisfatória, foi bem tolerada e possibilitou a interpretação do EEG em paciente com SA e desordem convulsiva.

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Antioxidants have been tested to treat neuropathic pain, and α-Tocopherol (vitamin E--vit. E) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C--vit. C) are potent antioxidants. We assessed the effect of intraperitoneal administration of vit. C (30 mg/kg/day) and vit. E (15 mg/kg/day), given alone or in combination, on the mechanical and thermal thresholds and the sciatic functional index (SFI) in rats with chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. We also determined the lipid hydroperoxides and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in the injured sciatic nerve. Further, we assessed the effects of oral administration of vit. C+vit. E (vit. C+E) and of a combination of vit. C+E and gabapentin (100mg/kg/day, i.p.) on the mechanical and thermal thresholds of CCI rats. The vitamins, whether administered orally or i.p., attenuated the reductions in the mechanical and thermal thresholds induced by CCI. The antinociceptive effect was greater with a combination of vit. C+E than with each vitamin given alone. The SFI was also improved in vitamin-treated CCI rats. Co-administration of vit. C+E and gabapentin induced a greater antinociceptive effect than gabapentin alone. No significant change occurred in TAC and lipid hydroperoxide levels, but TAC increased (45%) while lipid hydroperoxides decreased (38%) in the sciatic nerve from vit. C+E-treated CCI rats. Thus, treatment with a combination of vit. C+E was more effective to treat CCI-induced neuropathic pain than vitamins alone, and the antinociceptive effect was greater with co-administration of vit. C+E and gabapentin than with gabapentin alone.

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BACKGROUND: Sedation for electroencephalography in uncooperative patients is a controversial issue because majority of sedatives, hypnotics, and general anesthetics interfere with the brain's electrical activity. Chloral hydrate (CH) is typically used for this sedation, and dexmedetomidine (DEX) was recently tested because preliminary data suggest that this drug does not affect the electroencephalogram (EEG). The aim of the present study was to compare the EEG pattern during DEX or CH sedation to test the hypothesis that both drugs exert similar effects on the EEG. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 17 patients underwent 2 EEGs on 2 separate occasions, one with DEX and the other with CH. The EEG qualitative variables included the phases of sleep and the background activity. The EEG quantitative analysis was performed during the first 2 minutes of the second stage of sleep. The EEG quantitative variables included density, duration, and amplitude of the sleep spindles and absolute spectral power. RESULTS: The results showed that the qualitative analysis, density, duration, and amplitude of sleep spindles did not differ between DEX and CH sedation. The power of the slow-frequency bands (δ and θ) was higher with DEX, but the power of the faster-frequency bands (α and ß) was higher with CH. The total power was lower with DEX than with CH. CONCLUSIONS: The differences of DEX and CH in EEG power did not change the EEG qualitative interpretation, which was similar with the 2 drugs. Other studies comparing natural sleep and sleep induced by these drugs are needed to clarify the clinical relevance of the observed EEG quantitative differences.

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Clinical symptoms and radiologic characteristics of gliomatosis cerebri (GC) are non-specific and the condition may be confused with other central nervous system diseases. We report three patients with GC; all the three patients had involvement of more than three lobes and the deep white matter, as well as bilateral involvement. Differentiation of GC from other neurologic diseases involving diffuse white matter may be difficult. However, the diagnosis can be based on the combination of radiologic and histopathologic features.

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O propósito deste trabalho foi o de verificar, in vitro, se existe alteração da rugosidade superficial provocada pela utilização de enxaguatórios com e sem álcool sobre a resina composta Filtek Z350 3M/ESPE de baixa viscosidade. A medida de rugosidade média RA foi obtida através da leitura em um rugosímetro. Foram utilizados 3 colutórios atualmente comercializados: Listerine, Plax Classic e Plax Kids, além da água destilada e álcool etílico. Foram preparados 51 corpos de prova, divididos em 6 grupos: água destilada, álcool etílico, listerine, plax classic e plax kids (com 10 amostras cada), e o grupo sem tratamento (composto de apenas 1 amostra). Os controles (negativo e positivo) foram realizados pela amostra sem tratamento e etanol, respectivamente. A lisura supertificial foi obtida com uma tira de poliéster, evitando qualquer influência do processo de polimento. As amostras ficaram imersas por um período total de 12 horas, o equivalente a 1 ano de utilização do enxaguatório. Foi possível observar um aumento significante da rugosidade em todos os grupos, com exceção do Plax Classic, quando comparada ao valor fixo obtido com a amostra sem ataque; entretanto, não houve diferença significante entre as soluções testadas.

The purpose of this study was to verify, in vitro, if there is a change of surface roughness caused by the use of mouthrinses with and without alcohol on the composite resin Filtek Z350 3M/ESPE flow. The measure of average roughness Ra was assessed by profilometry. Three mouthrinses currently marketed were used: Listerine, Plax Classic and Plax Kids, in addition to distilled water and alcohol. Fifty one disc specimes were prepared, divided into six groups: distilled water, ethyl alcohol, Listerine, Plax Classic and Plax Kids (with 10 specimens each), and the group without treatment (consisting of only 1 specimen). The negative and positive controls were carried out by the sample without treatment and ethanol, respectively. The surface smoothness was obtained with a polyester strip, avoiding any influence of the process of polishing. The specimens were immersed for a total period of 12 hours, equivalent to 1 year of use of mouthrinses. It was possible to see a significant increase of roughness in all groups, except the Plax Classic, as compared to the fixed value from the specimen without attack, but there was no significant difference between the solutions tested.

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O presente trabalho reuniu uma literatura atualizada sobre o hidróxido de cálcio dentro de duas importantes áreas: a Dentística e a Endodontia. Na Dentística, foram abordadas indicações do Ca(OH)2 no capeamento pulpar direto e indireto e no clareamento de dentes não-vitais. Não esquecendo de dar ênfase ao mecanismo de ação do material. Foram destacadas, também, pesquisas que comparam o uso dos cimentos de hidróxido de cálcio aos sistemas adesivos no capeamento direto da polpa e a real indicação do curativo de hidróxido de cálcio após clareamento. Na Endodontia, por sua vez, foi estudado o emprego do hidróxido de cálcio como medicação intracanal, cimento obturador e como agente protetor do remanescente pulpo-radicular, nas pulpotomias, enfatizando suas propriedades biológicas e físico-químicas. O confronto entre as pesquisas possibilitou concluir que o hidróxido de cálcio continua sendo o material de escolha no capeamento direto da polpa, entretanto, no capeamento indireto, os sistemas adesivos tendem fortemente a substituí-Ios, em virtude de apresentarem propriedades físicas e químicas superiores. No curativo de dentes não vitais pós-clareamento, ainda é necessário um maior número de trabalhos para uma real indicação do produto. Quanto ao mecanismo de ação do Ca(OH), o pH mostra sua relevância. Na Enáodontia, é possível concluir que o Ca(OH)2 é a medicação mais empregada atualmente, em decorrência de suas propriedades antibacteriana e mineralizadora. No entanto, o veículo influencia diretamente na realização destas e, como cimento obturador o material necessita de associações com outras substâncias para melhorar as propriedades físicas e químicas, mas nas pulpotomias ele é considerado material de escolha.

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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of the most used bleaching materials for pulpless teeth, sodium perborate and 30% hydrogen peroxide, in an experimental model of macrophages, through analysis of the adherence index and the cellular morphology. METHODS: Inflammatory macrophages were obtained from peritoneal washed of Wistar rats. The evaluation of the adherence capacity of these cells to the plastic surface was conducted in Eppendorf tubes containing RPMI, after treatment with the bleaching agents diluted in 1:10, 1:100 and 1:1000 for 15 and 30 min, and incubation at 37 degrees C and humidified atmosphere of 5% CO(2) in air. The cellular morphology was verified after incubation of the cells treated with the bleaching agents in culture plaques and compared with normal cells in culture medium. RESULTS: Results showed that sodium perborate neither increased the adherence index, nor altered the cellular morphology when compared to the control group. The distribution, cellular morphology, cytoplasmatic and nuclear characteristics, reproduced the aspects observed in normal macrophages. However, the treatment with 30% hydrogen peroxide presented an increase in adherence index when compared to the control group (RPMI), in all dilutions, according to Mann-Whitney test (n=08 and p=0.001 for dilutions 1:10 and 1:100, and n=08 and p=0.004 for dilution 1:1000). The morphology of the cells treated with this product presented structural alterations proportionally greater, depending on the dilution of this bleaching agent, and even in the highest dilution (1:1000) the cells presented very evident alterations. CONCLUSIONS: This irreversible cellular damage as well as the elevation of the adherence index, characterizes the aggressive potential of 30% hydrogen peroxide, regardless of its dilution. Sodium perborate, on the other hand, showed biocompatibitity, since, no morphological nor functional alteration was observed in macrophages.

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Amostras de leite materno do banco da Maternidade Evangelina Rosa, localizada em Teresina,Pi(Rrasil) foram analisadas quanto a qualidade microbiológica. As amostras de leite cru apresentaram média de 5,7 x 10 (elevada a quinta potência)UFC,mL na contagem de aeróbicos mesófilos e 6,0 x 10 (elevada a segunda potência) UFC/mL na contagem de psicrotróficos. Oito amostras (32 por cento) tiveram valores de 10 (elevada a quinta potência > 300 x 10 UFC/mL para contagem de Staphylococcus aureus. Na enumeraçäo de coliformes totais e fecais os valores obtidos foram de <0,3 a 3 240 NMP/mL. O leite parteurizado apresentou média de 1,0 x 10 (elevada a segunda potência) UFC/mL para contagem de aeróbicos mesófilos. Nenhuma das amostras apresentou coliformes totais, fecais e S.aureus. A pasteurizaçäo é de vital importância para manutençäo da qualidade higiênico-sanitária em bancos de leite humano.

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Atualmente, com a chegada dos compômeros (resinas poliácidas) ao mercado nacional, a dentística-odontopediátrica adquire mais um material alternativo para restauraçäo de cavidades classe I e II de decíduos. As resinas poliácidas apresentam algumas vantagens sobre os demais, pois além de estético, ele libera flúor, dispensa proteçäo superficial, näo é sensível à contaminaçäo por umidade (como os ionômeros e amálgama). Estes produtos podem ser aplicados sobre ionômeros de vidro permitindo um bom selamento e baixa infiltraçäo marginal, assim também, como sobre a dentina após o condicionamento ácido e aplicaçäo do sistema adesivo. O uso clínico destes materiais na odontopediatria tem demonstrado um bom desempenho e performance das restauraçöes, o que vem encorajar a indicaçäo dos compômeros em restauraçäo de classe I e II em decíduos. O objetivo deste caso clínico é apresentar a técnica restauradora com este novo material, suas vantagens clínicas, assim também, como a proservaçäo por 18 meses

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Tendo em vista que a radiopacidade é uma propriedade importante dos materiais odontológicos, este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a radiopacidade dos compômeros Dyract AP, Dyract, Freedom e Compoglass, a fim de verificar se atendem às especificaçöes da ISO/DIS 4049. Para tanto, foram confeccionados, de cada material, cinco corpos de prova de 10mm de diâmetro e 1,6mm de espessura. Um corpo de prova de cada material foi posicionado sobre um filme oclusal junto com o penetrômetro de alumínio e radiografado com aparelho (70kVp, 10mA, 0,4seg.). Este procedimento foi repetido diariamente ao longo de um período de trinta dias...

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Os autores relatam um caso de tratamento de uma lesäo endodôntica-periodôntica onde foi necessário o tratamento endodôntico associado à cirurgia parendodôntica, com a finalidade de obter o sucesso do referido tratamento

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A técnica do clareamento caseiro nos dentes vitais vem sendo utilizada por diversos profissionais com sucesso, todavia, a busca incessante de técnicas mais rápidas e efetivas, como também o uso discriminado das substâncias clareadoras sem a devida supervisäo do dentista, fez surgir um clima de descrença e medo na sua utilizaçäo, devido principalmente ao surgimento de reaçöes indesejáveis. Neste trabalho os autores, através de uma revisäo de literatura, se propöem a desvendar alguns aspectos duvidosos relacionados com as principais técnicas de clareamento em dentes vitais

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A cárie dental representa um desafio para o dignóstico. A simples alteraçäo de cor ou de estrutura de uma regiäo do dente näo pode ser classificada como uma lesäo ativa de cárie, pois medidas preventivas podem favorecer a um processo de inativaçäo. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar os métodos utilizados no diagnóstico da cárie dental a fim de estabeler adequadamente que decisäo terapêutica deve ser aplicada

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RESUMEN

O tratamento da doença cárie dentária não deverá se limitar apenas à restauração do elemento dentário vitimado. Deverá englobar a prevenção de novas lesões e a sua recidiva, no caso das lesões supostamente eliminadas, principalmente, em se tratando de pacientes com alto risco de cárie. O sucesso de tal procedimento se obtém por intermédio da adoção de medidas e meios que se adeqüem a cavidade bucal saneando-a e meio do controle da ingestão de alimentos cariogênicos. Por outro lado, caberá ao profissional de saúde a utilização de materiais que previnam a recidiva de novas lesões, sempre que possível

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