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In around 716 AD, the city of Santarém, Portugal, was conquered by the Berber and Arab armies that swept the Iberian Peninsula and went on to rule the region until the 12th century. Archaeological excavations in 2007/08 discovered an Islamic necropolis (Avenida 5 de Outubro #2-8) that appears to contain the remains of an early Muslim population in Santarém (8th- 10th century). In this study, skeletal material from 58 adult individuals was analysed for stable carbon (δ13Ccol; δ13Cap), nitrogen (δ15N) and sulphur (δ34S) isotope ratios in bones, and stable oxygen (δ18O), carbon (δ13Cen) and radiogenic strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotopes in tooth enamel. The results of this study revealed a dietary pattern of predominantly C3-plant and domestic C3-fed herbivore consumption during adulthood (δ13Ccol and δ15N, respectively) but a higher proportion of C4-plant input during childhood (δ13Cen) for some individuals-interpreted as possible childhood consumption of millet porridge, a common practice in North Africa-in those with unorthodox burial types (Groups 1 and 2) that was not practiced in the individuals with canonical burials (Group 3). In this first mobility study of a medieval Muslim population in Portugal, δ18ODW values revealed greater heterogeneity in Groups 1 and 2, consistent with diverse origins, some in more humid regions than Santarém when compared to regional precipitation δ18O data, contrasting the more homogenous Group 3, consistent with the local precipitation δ18O range. Ancient DNA analysis conducted on three individuals revealed maternal (mtDNA) and paternal (Y-chromosome) lineages compatible with a North African origin for (at least) some of the individuals. Additionally, mobility of females in this population was higher than males, potentially resulting from a patrilocal social system, practiced in Berber and Arab communities. These results serve to offer a more detailed insight into the ancestry and cultural practices of early Muslim populations in Iberia.

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Hyperglycemia leads to microvascular lesions in various tissues. In diabetic nephropathy-DN, alterations in usual markers reflect an already installed disease. The study of new biomarkers for the early detection of diabetic complications can bring new prevention perspectives. Rats were divided into diabetic adult-DMA-or elderly-DME and control sham adult-CSA-or control sham elderly-CSE. Blood and urine samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Bulbar region, cardiac, hepatic and renal tissues were collected for target gene expression studies. As result, DMA showed decreased TNFR1, MCT1 and CD147 expression in the bulbar region, TNFR1 in the heart, VEGFA and CD147 in the kidney and TNFR1 in blood. Positive correlations were found between TNFR1 and MCT1 in the bulbar region and HbA1c and plasma creatinine, respectively. DME showed positive correlation in the bulbar region between TNFR1 and glycemia, in addition to negative correlations between CD147 in the heart versus glycemia and urea. We concluded that the initial hyperglycemic stimulus already promotes changes in the expression of genes involved in the inflammatory and metabolic pathways, and aging alters this profile. These changes prior to the onset of diseases such as DN, show that they have potential for early biomarkers studies.

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BACKGROUND: It has already been shown that melatonin is an antitumoral molecule that affects malignant cells via some mechanisms. The benefit played by this hormone on cancer is due to its antioxidant effects. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the preclinical effects of melatonin in mice with the Ehrlich ascites tumor. METHODS: Twenty Balb/ c male mice with Ehrlich tumor were treated with different melatonin doses. Their inflammatory and oxidative stress were accessed by gene expression. Hepatotoxicity and hematological parameters were also evaluated through biochemical analyses. Animal welfare was analysed weekly from the categories guided by the NC3Rs. RESULTS: Gene expression analyses have shown that only Tnfα and Sod1 were expressed in all groups studied. Only the M-3 group showed increased Tnfα expression compared to the control. All groups treated with melatonin showed decreased Sod1 expression compared to the control. No signs of hepatotoxicity were caused by any of the melatonin doses used in the treatment. CONCLUSION: In animals with Ehrlich´s tumor treated with melatonin, a decrease in oxidative stress, an amelioration in welfare and in cognitive tasks could be observed, even if the treatment has not reduced the size of the tumor itself. In parallel with the already patented use of melatonin in the treatment of sleep disorders or chronic kidney disease, our results propose its use to improve the general well-being of breast cancer patients.

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Selenium has an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and possibly antitumoral action. Thus, we hypothesized that this element could be an ally in cancer treatment. We evaluated the effect of chelated selenium treatment of BALB/c mice with Erhlich Tumor on tumor size, histology, and biochemical parameters of the liver. A total of 96 male mice were treated for 7, 15, and 30 days with different doses of chelated selenium. During the 7 days of treatment, livers presented mild hydropic degeneration; after 15 days, the livers presented mild hydropic degeneration, inflammatory infiltrate, and steatosis, which was intensified in the animals treated for 30 days. Biochemical analysis showed an increase of the alanine transaminase enzyme in those animals, indicating hepatotoxicity. At the beginning of treatment, selenium was able to inhibit tumor growth. After 30 days of treatment, however, hepatotoxicity could be seen.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of combining topiramate, bupropion and naltrexone in obesity-induced rats on their weight and subcutaneous adipose tissue. METHODS: A total of 40 male Wistar rats were induced to obesity for 8 weeks and the animals were divided into 8 groups: Ctr - control, G0 - Sham, G1 - oral saline solution (1.0mL/day), G2 - topiramate (20.0mg/kg) and bupropion (5.0mg/kg), G3 - naltrexone (20.0mg/kg), G4 - topiramate (20.0mg/kg), G5 - bupropion (5.0mg/kg) and G6 - topiramate (20.0mg/kg), bupropion (5.0mg/kg) and naltrexone (20.0mg/kg). During the experiment, all animals were weighed weekly. After 30 days of treatment animals were euthanized and their skin fragments were processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for morphological, morphometric and biochemical analyzes. RESULTS: The only group that presented a decrease in the volume of subcutaneous adipose tissue was G3, but this decrease was not significant when compared with the other groups. The G4, the G5 and the G6 presented increased adipose tissue volume. Data showed that until the eighth week all animals increased their weight by approximately 50%. After treatment animals of all groups, except G3, increased their weight from 4% to 9% approximately. The G3 was the only group that lost weight, but this decrease was not significant. CONCLUSION: The medicines studied were not efficient in reducing weight in obese rats. However, it should be considered that 30-day treatment period is not enough to observe the stronger effects of these drugs.

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We analyze potential Late Holocene metal contamination along a sediment core collected in the distal zone of Ria de Vigo (North Spain). Statistical treatment of the dataset based on a multiproxy approach enabled us to identify and disentangle factors influencing the depositional processes and the preservation of the records of this activity in the area over the last ≈3000 years BP. Some layers of the analyzed core have significant enrichment in Cu and a moderate enrichment in Ag, Mo, As, Sb, S, Zn, Ni, Sn, Cd, Cr, Co, Pb, and Li. The enrichment of these elements in some layers of this core may be related to mining activities that have taken place since classical times in the region. Successive phases of pollution were identified along the core KSGX24 related to the Late Bronze Age (≈3000-2450 years BP), Iron Age (≈2450-1850 years BP), Roman times (≈1850-1550 years BP), Middle Ages (≈1250-500 years BP), and industrial and modern (≈250-0 years BP) anthropic activities. The protection of the Cies Islands, the erosive and transport capacity of the rivers in the region, oscillations of the oceanographic and climatic regime, atmospheric contamination, and diagenetic sedimentary processes might have contributed to the accumulation and preservation of this record in the distal region of the Ria de Vigo. The studied core shows that the industrial and preindustrial anthropic impacts caused an environmental liability and contributed to the presence of moderate to heavy pollution of various metals in surface and subsurface sediment layers in the distal sector of the Ria de Vigo, which could be a hazard to biota.

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Contextualização: O presente trabalho busca analisar atividades desenvolvidas por um terapeuta ocupacional com estudantes do primeiro ciclo do Ensino Fundamental em uma escola pública municipal no interior de Alagoas. Processo de Intervenção: Aqui são destacadas ações ao longo do ano de 2020, tendo como foco as atividades para o desenvolvimento de relações saudáveis de convivência, participação no ambiente escolar e construção democrática. Análise Crítica da Prática: Essas ações possibilitaram o envolvimento e a participação de professores, coordenadores e estudantes na elaboração e execução de atividades, permitindo o compartilhamento de saberes e a construção coletiva de espaços de sociabilidade e convivência. Síntese das Considerações: A presente experiência oferece uma breve descrição de ações que poderão ampliar as temáticas abordadas por terapeutas ocupacionais no campo da educação e contribui para o fortalecimento de uma área de atuação em crescimento na terapia ocupacional.(AU) Palavras-chave: Terapia Ocupacional. Educação. Escola Pública. Infância

Contextualization: The present work seeks to analyze activities developed by an occupational therapist with students of the first cycle of elementary school in a municipal public school in the interior of Alagoas. Intervention Process: Here, actions throughout 2020 are highlighted, focusing on activities for the development of healthy relationships of coexistence, participation in the school environment and democratic construction. Critical Analysis of Practice: These actions enabled the involvement and participation of teachers, coordinators and students in the elaboration and execution of activities, allowing the sharing of knowledge and the collective construction of spaces for sociability and coexistence. Summary of Considerations: The present experience offers a brief description of actions that may expand the themes addressed by occupational therapists in the field of education and contribute to the strengthening of a growing area of activity in occupational therapy.(AU) Keywords: Occupational Therapy. Education. Public School. Childhood.

Contextualización: El presente trabajo busca analizar las actividades desarrolladas por un terapeuta ocupacional con alumnos del primer ciclo de la enseñanza fundamental en una escuela pública municipal del interior de Alagoas. Proceso de Intervención: Aquí se destacan las acciones a lo largo del 2020, enfocándose en actividades para el desarrollo de relaciones sanas de convivencia, participación en el ámbito escolar y construcción democrática. Análisis Crítico de la Práctica: Estas acciones posibilitaron el involucramiento y participación de docentes, coordinadores y estudiantes en la elaboración y ejecución de actividades, permitiendo el intercambio de saberes y la construcción colectiva de espacios de sociabilidad y convivencia. Resumen de Consideraciones: La presente experiencia ofrece una breve descripción de acciones que pueden ampliar las temáticas abordadas por los terapeutas ocupacionales en el campo de la educación y contribuir al fortalecimiento de un área de actuación creciente en la terapia ocupacional.(AU) Palabras clave: Terapia Ocupacional. Educación. Escuela Pública. Infancia.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effects of combining topiramate, bupropion and naltrexone in obesity-induced rats on their weight and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Methods: A total of 40 male Wistar rats were induced to obesity for 8 weeks and the animals were divided into 8 groups: Ctr - control, G0 - Sham, G1 - oral saline solution (1.0mL/day), G2 - topiramate (20.0mg/kg) and bupropion (5.0mg/kg), G3 - naltrexone (20.0mg/kg), G4 - topiramate (20.0mg/kg), G5 - bupropion (5.0mg/kg) and G6 - topiramate (20.0mg/kg), bupropion (5.0mg/kg) and naltrexone (20.0mg/kg). During the experiment, all animals were weighed weekly. After 30 days of treatment animals were euthanized and their skin fragments were processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for morphological, morphometric and biochemical analyzes. Results: The only group that presented a decrease in the volume of subcutaneous adipose tissue was G3, but this decrease was not significant when compared with the other groups. The G4, the G5 and the G6 presented increased adipose tissue volume. Data showed that until the eighth week all animals increased their weight by approximately 50%. After treatment animals of all groups, except G3, increased their weight from 4% to 9% approximately. The G3 was the only group that lost weight, but this decrease was not significant. Conclusion: The medicines studied were not efficient in reducing weight in obese rats. However, it should be considered that 30-day treatment period is not enough to observe the stronger effects of these drugs.

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In the framework of two national research projects (ORGANOSOL and CN-linkAIR), fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was sampled for 17 months at an urban location in the Western European Coast. The PM2.5 samples were analyzed for organic carbon (OC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), elemental carbon (EC), major water-soluble inorganic ions, mineralogical, and for the first time in this region, strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) composition. Organic matter dominates the identifiable urban PM2.5 mass, followed by secondary inorganic aerosols. The acquired data resulted also in a seasonal overview of the carbonaceous and inorganic aerosol composition, with an important contribution from primary biomass burning and secondary formation processes in colder and warmer periods, respectively. The fossil-related primary EC seems to be continually present throughout the sampling period. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios were measured on both the labile and residual PM2.5 fractions as well as on the bulk PM2.5 samples. Regardless of the air mass origin, the residual fractions are more radiogenic (representative of a natural crustal dust source) than the labile fractions, whose 87Sr/86Sr ratios are comparable to that of seawater. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios and the mineralogical composition data further suggest that sea salt and mineral dust are important primary natural sources of fine aerosols throughout the sampling period.

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This work aims to define the factors driving the accumulation of metals in the sediment of the lagoon of Aveiro (Portugal). The role of initial diagenetic processes in controlling trace metal retention in surface sediment is traced by mineralogy, magnetic susceptibility and geochemical analyses. Although several studies have focused on the metal distribution in this polihaline and anthropized coastal lagoon, most of them have been solely focused on the total metal concentrations. This study instead represents the first attempt to evaluate in a vast area of the Aveiro Lagoon the role of biogeochemical processes in metal availability and distribution in three extracted phases: exchangeable cations adsorbed by clay and elements co-precipitated with carbonates (S1), organic matter (S2) and amorphous Mn hydroxides (S3). According to the sediment guideline values, the sediment is polluted by, for instance, As and Hg in the inner area of the Murtosa Channel, Pb in the Espinheiro Channel, Aveiro City canals and Aveiro Harbour, and Zn in the northern area of the Ovar Channel. These sites are located near the source areas of pollutants and have the highest total available concentrations in each extracted phase. The total available concentrations of all toxic metals are however associated, firstly, with the production of amorphous Mn hydroxides in most of the areas and, secondly, with adsorption by organic compounds. The interplay of the different processes implies that not all of the sites near pollution sources have polluted surface sediment. The accumulation of metals depends on not only the pollution source but also the changing in the redox state of the sediments that may cause alterations in the sediment retention or releasing of redox-sensitive metals. Results of this work suggest that the biogeochemical processes may play a significant role in the increase of the pollutants in the sediment of the Aveiro Lagoon.

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INTRODUÇÃO: O alto número de quedas entre pessoas idosas aumenta a demanda para reabilitação das debilidades físicas consequentes do evento, em clínicas de fisioterapia. Para evitar episódios recorrentes, o profissional dessa área deve alertá-los para práticas preventivas. Porém, trata-se de pessoas com diferentes contextos histórico-culturais e esquemas de rotina. OBJETIVO: Apontar as distinções entre gêneros como estratégia para a compreensão do cotidiano programado desses indivíduos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Análise qualitativa, utilizando entrevista semiestruturada, partindo do tema da influência da queda na vida diária. As falas são transcritas codificadas e, posteriormente, categorizadas expressando as ideias encontradas no pensamento do idoso. RESULTADOS: A queda doméstica está inserida no campo de trabalho da mulher (o lar) e, por isso, gera preocupação à medida que interfere nos hábitos do cotidiano referentes àquilo que define sua função no espaço e na vida. O homem parece preocupar-se com quedas quando ela impossibilita-o de manter um vínculo com o ambiente externo, o seu ambiente. CONCLUSÃO: Dessa forma, percebe-se que o gênero é uma categoria operacional em que se definem, para cada um, prioridades diferentes. Por meio de tal olhar, consegue-se justificar e compreender algumas relações de dominação existentes no seio da sociedade e que, ao fisioterapeuta, contribuem para que sejam discernidas certas particularidades entre pacientes que interferem na adesão a seus aconselhamentos preventivos.

INTRODUCTION: High rates of falls by elder people inevitably raise the demand for physical rehab in clinics. To efficiently cope with this, professional therapists should alert patients to preventive measures. However, they are people with different cultural and historical backgrounds and routines. OBJECTIVE: To point out gender distinctions as a strategy for understanding these individuals' daily lives. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Qualitative data gathering and analysis, from semi-structured interviews, looking for any hidden meaning of falls in daily life at home. Opinions were taken and eventually ran into categories as to reveal the elders' own ideas. RESULTS: The domestic fall is understood by women as a bad happening, right on their work space (home), thus raising a high level of concern, as it directly interferes with habits that are feminine and exclusive. To women, the fall jeopardizes their inner domain. Men, however, seem not to worry about falls, except when it prevents them from keeping linked to their proper masculine domain (the external milieu). CONCLUSION: By this approach, some real power relations can be outlined and understood. To the therapist, it helps to single out certain particulars that interfere with patients' prevention compliance pattern.

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This article lists the differences between self-perception of body posture among the elderly suffering from postural alterations or not, in order to ascertain whether self-evaluation of posture can lead to preventive measures. Eighteen cases from the elderly population participated in the EPIDOSO project at UNIFESP and were subjected to postural evaluation. Postures were photographed and copies given to the participants and their subsequent comments were analyzed by the qualitative method. The narratives were taped and cataloguedusingthe technique of theoretical axial and selective coding from the perspective of symbolic interactionism. A passive attitude was identified among the elderly in relation to postural alterations. There is a distortion of body image by those with postural deviation. Participants with adequate spinal alignment were more conscious about body posture and the importance of this being assimilated in the phases prior to aging. The adoption of postural self-care seems to occur in the earlier stages of aging and preventive measures should be implemented at this stage. Lack of concern about posture is linked to the concept of the elderly regarding the notion that aging is, in itself, the accumulation of inevitably simultaneous or successive dysfunctions.

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No presente artigo enumeram-se certas diferenças categoriais da percepção de si de idosos, cuja análise é importante para possíveis intervenções. Objetivo: analisar a relação entre a postura apresentada e a autopercepção desta por idosos. Metodologia: participaram 18 idosos do projeto Epidoso II-Unifesp submetidos à avaliação postural. As posturas foram fotografadas e as imagens entregues aos idosos, cujas opiniões foram analisadas por metodologia qualitativa. As falas foram transcritas e categorizadas pela técnica de codificação teórica axial e seletiva, na perspectiva do interacionismo simbólico. Resultados: Identificou-se uma atitude passiva do idoso em relação às alterações posturais. Há uma distorção da imagem corporal por aqueles que apresentam desvio de postura. Participantes que possuíam o alinhamento vertebral adequado mostraram-se mais conscientes sobre seu posicionamento corporal e a importância deste assimilada em fases anteriores à do envelhecimento. Conclusão: a aderência ao autocuidado postural parece ocorrer em fases anteriores à do envelhecimento, devendo ser realizado nestas épocas o trabalho efetivamente preventivo. A despreocupação com a questão postural relaciona-se com a concepção do idoso sobre a noção de envelhecimento que é, em si, o acúmulo de disfunções inevitavelmente simultâneas ou sucessivas.

This article lists the differences between self-perception of body posture among the elderly suffering from postural alterations or not, in order to ascertain whether self-evaluation of posture can lead to preventive measures. Eighteen cases from the elderly population participated in the EPIDOSO project at UNIFESP and were subjected to postural evaluation. Postures were photographed and copies given to the participants and their subsequent comments were analyzed by the qualitative method. The narratives were taped and cataloguedusingthe technique of theoretical axial and selective coding from the perspective of symbolic interactionism. A passive attitude was identified among the elderly in relation to postural alterations. There is a distortion of body image by those with postural deviation. Participants with adequate spinal alignment were more conscious about body posture and the importance of this being assimilated in the phases prior to aging. The adoption of postural self-care seems to occur in the earlier stages of aging and preventive measures should be implemented at this stage. Lack of concern about posture is linked to the concept of the elderly regarding the notion that aging is, in itself, the accumulation of inevitably simultaneous or successive dysfunctions.

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A sexualidade, enquanto fenômeno que propicia momentos singulares de descobrimento de si e do outro, permite a realização de práticas permeadas por simbolizações adquiridas na adolescência. Por sofrer influência de fatores genéticos, sociais e culturais, o comportamento sexual adolescente é, por vezes, permeado por situações conflituosas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo desvelar comportamentos sexuais de acadêmicas de Enfermagem da Universidade Federal do Piauí, bem como seus mecanismos de influência, e compreender os aspectos que envolvem a iniciação sexual, considerando os entraves desencadeados pela formação tradicional e aspirações modernizantes. Adotou-se o método etnográfico, aplicando-se entrevistas em profundidade a 12 estudantes, nos meses de outubro e novembro de 2009. As entrevistas relevaram interseção entre comportamento sexual e cultura, permitindo visualizar o poder exercido pelos sistemas de representação social. É importante pontuar sobre a necessidade de mais olhares sobre o assunto por ser emergente nos diversos cenários do existir humano.

Sexuality as a phenomenon that provides unique moments for people discover each other, it means oneself and another, allowing the realization of permeated practices by acquired symbolizations in adolescence. Being influenced by genetic, social and cultural rights factors, adolescent sexual behavior is often permeated by conflict situations. This study aimed to disclose sexual behaviors of Nursing University female students from Federal University of Piauí, as well as their mechanisms of influence and understanding the aspect that surrounds sexual initiation, considering the obstacles caused by the traditional training and modernizing aspirations. We adopted an ethnography method, by applying profound interviews with twelve students in the months of October and November, 2009. Interviews stood out intersection between sexual behavior and culture, allowing you to see the power exercised by the systems of social representation. It is important to emphasize the need for more importance and attention to the subject for being emergent in several scenes of human existence.

La sexualidad, como el fenómeno que proporciona momentos singulares de descubrimiento de la propia persona y del otro, permite las prácticas permeadas por símbolos adquiridos en la adolescencia. Por sufrir influencia de factores genéticos, sociales y culturales, el comportamiento sexual adolescente es, muchas veces, permeado por situaciones llenas de conflictos. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo descubrir comportamientos sexuales de los estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidade Federal do Estado do Piauí, así como sus mecanismos de influencia y comprender los aspectos que envuelven la iniciación sexual, considerando las barreras desencadenadas por la formación tradicional y por las aspiraciones de la modernización. Se adoptó el método etnográfico, aplicándose entrevistas con profundidad a doce estudiantes, en los meses de octubre y noviembre de 2009. Se han revelado cosas en común entre el comportamiento sexual y cultural permitiendo visualizar el poder ejercido por los sistemas de representación social. Es importante poner en punto sobre la necesidad de mirar meticulosamente sobre el asunto, pues son emergentes en los varios escenarios del existir humano.

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OBJETIVOS: Os objetivos do estudo são descrever os personagens de psiquiatras existentes em filmes vencedores de um ou mais Prêmios da Academia, entre 1991 e 2001, bem como, verificar se esses filmes transmitem mensagens negativas sobre a psiquiatria ou se apresentam retratos idealizados de profissionais, como algumas produções cinematográficas anteriores ao período estudado. MÉTODO: Foi realizada a análise de caracterização dramática dos personagens. Foram identificados os temas e as mensagens relacionados à psiquiatria presentes nas tramas para comparação com produções anteriores a 1991. RESULTADOS: Nove filmes foram selecionados e analisados 17 personagens. "O Silêncio dos Inocentes" associa psiquiatria e loucura, genialidade e doença mental, análise e canibalismo. De acordo com "As Loucuras do Rei George", "Gênio Indomável" e "Garota, Interrompida", o psiquiatra ideal tem idéias modernas, histórico semelhante ao do paciente, postura informal e demonstra emoção. "Shakespeare Apaixonado" associa a psiquiatria à magia. "Melhor é Impossível" apresenta uma representação positiva da medicação psiquiátrica. "Shine - Brilhante" e "Mente Brilhante" destacam a importância da família para a recuperação do paciente. Em "Céu Azul", a psiquiatria é usada para a interdição de uma pessoa por motivos políticos. CONCLUSÕES: Os filmes estudados não contestam a validade da psiquiatria, mas apresentam uma batalha entre a abordagem tradicional e uma não tradicional, advogando que um psiquiatra deve ser alguém fora dos padrões e excepcionalmente talentoso para ser capaz de entender e tratar uma pessoa. As críticas e as imagens negativas apresentadas nessas tramas podem ser um reflexo do profundo estigma existente na sociedade em relação aos profissionais de saúde mental e pacientes.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims at describing characters portraying psychiatrists in Academy Award winning films from 1991 to 2001, and determining whether these plots disseminate negative messages or idealized portrayal of practitioners, like some previous movie productions. METHOD: Dramatic characterization analysis was performed. Movies produced before 1991 with similar characters and dramatic situations were identified to compare themes and messages concerning psychiatry. RESULTS: Nine films were selected, 17 characters were analyzed. "The Silence of the Lambs" associates psychiatry and madness, brightness and madness, analysis and cannibalism. According to "The Madness of King George," "Good Will Hunting" and "Girl, Interrupted," the ideal professional has modern ideas, background similar to his/her patient, informal posture and demonstrates emotion. "Shakespeare in Love" suggests the association between psychiatry and magic. "As Good as it Gets" presents a positive representation of psychiatric medication. "Shine" and "Beautiful Mind" stress the importance of family in patient's recovery. "Blue Sky" has a negative portrayal of psychiatry. CONCLUSIONS: These plots recognize the value of psychiatry, but present a battle between traditional and unorthodox approach, formal and informal professionals. They propose that a psychiatrist should be someone "out of the box" and exceptionally talented to be able to understand and treat another human being. The criticisms and negative images about psychiatry presented in the plots may be a consequence of a deep rooted stigma against professionals and patients dealing with mental disorders.

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Os acidentes de trânsito, muitas vezes relacionados com excesso de velocidade, e os problemas decorrentes do consumo de bebidas alcoólicas são dois importantes problemas de saúde pública no Brasil. Esses problemas podem estar associados, como no caso do dirigir alcoolizado, mas também se apresentam de maneira independente. Entre os diversos fatores que impactam nesses problemas encontra-se a propaganda de estímulo (comerciais). A influência da propaganda em várias questões de saúde, incluindo consumo de álcool e segurança no uso de veículos, tem um papel que recentemente está sendo mais estudado e compreendido. Setores públicos e privados no Brasil têm influência na regulamentação da propaganda, que é ainda principalmente exercida através do exercício da auto-regulamentação. O presente artigo apresenta um quadro geral sobre o assunto e, diante dos prejuízos de ordem social e econômica advindos do consumo de bebidas e dos acidentes, propõe-se a discutir o papel que vem sendo exercido pelos meios de comunicação, sua responsabilidade social e os limites da auto-regulamentação.

Traffic accidents, which are often associated with speeding, and the problems associated with consumption of alcoholic beverages are two major public health concerns in Brazil. These problems may be associated, as in the case of drunk driving, but they also occur independently. Commercial advertising is one of the factors that have an impact on these issues. The influence of advertising on many health issues, including alcohol consumption and traffic safety plays a role that has been continuously investigated and understood. Public and private sectors in Brazil have an influence on the advertising regulation, which is still mainly performed by industry self-regulation. This paper presents a general framework on the subject. In addition, faced with the social and economic hazards resulting from alcohol consumption and traffic accidents, it discusses the role of communication means, its social responsibility and the limits of self-regulation.

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