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Biomass burning in the Brazilian Amazon is modulated by climate factors, such as droughts, and by human factors, such as deforestation, and land management activities. The increase in forest fires during drought years has led to the hypothesis that fire activity decoupled from deforestation during the twenty-first century. However, assessment of the hypothesis relied on an incorrect active fire dataset, which led to an underestimation of the decreasing trend in fire activity and to an inflated rank for year 2015 in terms of active fire counts. The recent correction of that database warrants a reassessment of the relationships between deforestation and fire. Contrasting with earlier findings, we show that the exacerbating effect of drought on fire season severity did not increase from 2003 to 2015 and that the record-breaking dry conditions of 2015 had the least impact on fire season of all twenty-first century severe droughts. Overall, our results for the same period used in the study that originated the fire-deforestation decoupling hypothesis (2003-2015) show that decoupling was clearly weaker than initially proposed. Extension of the study period up to 2019, and novel analysis of trends in fire types and fire intensity strengthened this conclusion. Therefore, the role of deforestation as a driver of fire activity in the region should not be underestimated and must be taken into account when implementing measures to protect the Amazon forest.

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The spreading of epidemics in complex networks has been a subject of renewed interest of several scientific branches. In this regard, we have focused our attention on the study of the susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) model, within a Monte Carlo numerical simulation approach, representing the spreading of epidemics in a clustered homophilic network. The competition between infection and recovery that drives the system either to an absorbing or to an active phase is analyzed. We estimate the static critical exponents ß ∕ ν , 1 ∕ ν and γ ∕ ν , through finite-size scaling (FSS) analysis of the order parameter ρ and its fluctuations, showing that they differ from those associated with the contact process on a scale-free network, as well as those predicted by the heterogeneous mean-field theory.

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Spodoptera marima (Schaus, 1904) and Spodoptera ornithogalli (Guenée, 1852) are noctuid moths recognized for their economic importance in the New World. Historically, they have been considered cryptic species, being supposedly differentiated from each other by the absence of sexual dimorphism in S. marima, subtle differences in coloration on the hindwings and scale tufts of the ovipositor and the shape of male valva. The species are allopatric: North and Central America for S. ornithogalli and South America for S. marima. Previous phylogenetic studies using multilocus DNA sequences including a few specimens of S. marima suggested these species merge into a single clade. Here, we performed a comparative analysis to elucidate further their taxonomic status, using specimens of S. marima from various localities in Brazil. These species were recovered in the phylogenetic analysis as consistently mixed with each other in a major well-supported clade within Spodoptera. The existence of a spatial pattern for genetic structure was not clearly supported when two biogeographic regions (Neotropics and Neartic) were taken in separation; however, an individual-level isolation by distance was significant. The morphological characters traditionally used to differentiate the species were also not consistent. Therefore, we now consider S. marima a new junior synonym of S. ornithogalli. Results on host plant use demonstrated that it is a polyphagous species using more than 200 plants, which may mediate phenotypic variation along its geographical range.

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Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main cause of cervical cancer and the prevalence of HPV types varies depending on the geographic region. Therefore, this study assessed the prevalence of HPV types in women with cervical lesions from Sergipe state, Northeastern Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted in women with cervical lesions from March to December 2014. These lesions were investigated by PCR and HPV types were identified by DNA sequencing. 432 patients were included, of which 337 patients tested positive for HPV. Eighteen different HPV types were detected, and high-risk HPV types were detected in 69.2%. HPV 16 (63.4%) was the most prevalent HPV type found, followed by HPV 66 (4.6%), HPV 18 (1.6%) and HPV 45 (1.4%). These results highlight the importance of the high prevalence of HPV 66, which is a possibly carcinogenic virus type not covered by the available vaccines. The prevalence of HPV 16 was high in the studied population, reaffirming the importance of young vaccination. However, the high prevalence of HPV 66 found in this study shows the importance of monitoring the diversity of HPV types in different populations and geographic regions to better understand the impacts of current HPV vaccines.

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As lesões coronarianas já foram relatadas em espécies de peixes anádromos, com características semelhantes às observadas em aterosclerose humana, mas não em peixes cultivados sem interferência de padrões reprodutivos. Objetivou-se descrever lesões coronarianas em beijupirá (Rachycentron canadum) criado em sistema offshore, em 54 exemplares coletados ao longo do cultivo de oito meses. Amostras de tecido cardíaco de alevinos e juvenis foram submetidas à análise histopatológica e à microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET), para visualização de lesões coronarianas, sendo as lâminas histológicas coradas pela técnica de hematoxilina-eosina, ácido periódico de Schiff, alcian blue e reticulina de Gomori. Exames realizados pela fotomicroscopia de luz evidenciaram lesões arteriais caracterizadas por hiperplasia das túnicas íntima e média de artérias coronárias em, respectivamente, 29,63% e 79,63% dos animais, com redução do lúmen arterial. Na MET, foram observadas alterações na estrutura das coronárias com espessamento do endotélio e membrana basal, proliferação de fibroblastos e fibras colágenas, com acúmulo de material lipídico subendotelial, resíduos celulares aderidos à membrana basal e vesículas pinocitóticas com presença de lisossomos isolados. Constatou-se que os peixes da espécie Rachycentron canadum criados em cativeiro desenvolvem lesão arterial do tipo crônica degenerativa inflamatória.

The coronary lesions have been reported in species of anadromous fish with similar characteristics as those observed in human atherosclerosis, but not in farmed fish without interference of reproductive patterns. This study aimed to describe coronary lesions in beijupirá (Rachycentron canadum) farmed in an offshore system, in 54 specimens collected along an eight month cultivation period. Samples of heart tissue of fry and juveniles were subjected to histopathological analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for visualization of coronary lesions, the histology slides were stained using hematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid Schiffh, alcian blue, and reticulin of Gomori. Examinations performed by light microscopy showed arterial lesions characterized by hyperplasia of the intima and media tunics, respectively in 29.63% and 79.63 % of the animals, with reduced lumen. In TEM changes in the structure of the coronary endothelium and thickening of the basement membrane, proliferation of fibroblasts and collagen fibers, with subendothelial accumulation of lipid material, cellular debris adhering to the basement membrane and presence of pinocytotics vesicles and isolated lysosomes were observed. It has been found that the Rachycentron canadum fish species farmed in captivity develop arterial lesion of the chronic inflammatory degenerative type.

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As lesões coronarianas já foram relatadas em espécies de peixes anádromos, com características semelhantes às observadas em aterosclerose humana, mas não em peixes cultivados sem interferência de padrões reprodutivos. Objetivou-se descrever lesões coronarianas em beijupirá (Rachycentron canadum) criado em sistema offshore, em 54 exemplares coletados ao longo do cultivo de oito meses. Amostras de tecido cardíaco de alevinos e juvenis foram submetidas à análise histopatológica e à microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET), para visualização de lesões coronarianas, sendo as lâminas histológicas coradas pela técnica de hematoxilina-eosina, ácido periódico de Schiff, alcian blue e reticulina de Gomori. Exames realizados pela fotomicroscopia de luz evidenciaram lesões arteriais caracterizadas por hiperplasia das túnicas íntima e média de artérias coronárias em, respectivamente, 29,63% e 79,63% dos animais, com redução do lúmen arterial. Na MET, foram observadas alterações na estrutura das coronárias com espessamento do endotélio e membrana basal, proliferação de fibroblastos e fibras colágenas, com acúmulo de material lipídico subendotelial, resíduos celulares aderidos à membrana basal e vesículas pinocitóticas com presença de lisossomos isolados. Constatou-se que os peixes da espécie Rachycentron canadum criados em cativeiro desenvolvem lesão arterial do tipo crônica degenerativa inflamatória(AU)

The coronary lesions have been reported in species of anadromous fish with similar characteristics as those observed in human atherosclerosis, but not in farmed fish without interference of reproductive patterns. This study aimed to describe coronary lesions in beijupirá (Rachycentron canadum) farmed in an offshore system, in 54 specimens collected along an eight month cultivation period. Samples of heart tissue of fry and juveniles were subjected to histopathological analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for visualization of coronary lesions, the histology slides were stained using hematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid Schiffh, alcian blue, and reticulin of Gomori. Examinations performed by light microscopy showed arterial lesions characterized by hyperplasia of the intima and media tunics, respectively in 29.63% and 79.63 % of the animals, with reduced lumen. In TEM changes in the structure of the coronary endothelium and thickening of the basement membrane, proliferation of fibroblasts and collagen fibers, with subendothelial accumulation of lipid material, cellular debris adhering to the basement membrane and presence of pinocytotics vesicles and isolated lysosomes were observed. It has been found that the Rachycentron canadum fish species farmed in captivity develop arterial lesion of the chronic inflammatory degenerative type(AU)

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Avaliou-se a expressão de ácidos graxos, macronutrientes e colesterol de camarões-da-malásia alimentados com dieta adicionada de sementes de linhaça. Quinhentos camarões foram distribuídos em dois grupos e alimentados durante 90 dias com dietas contendo: 1) lipídeo proveniente de linhaça e 2) óleo de soja (controle). A concentração de proteína foi maior (Р<0,05) para o grupo-linhaça, 15,8±0,09%, em relação ao grupo-controle, 15,2±0,04%. O peso corporal também se apresentou maior no grupo-linhaça, 1,38±0,93g, em relação ao grupo-controle, 0,93±0,48g. O grupo-linhaça apresentou teor de colesterol de 120,8±23,9mg/100g e o grupo-controle, 130,2±13,9mg/100g, porém sem diferença estatística significativa. Em relação ao perfil lipídico, a suplementação da dieta com linhaça influenciou a incorporação do ácido oleico (C18:1, ω-9) e melhorou a relação ω-6/ω-3 na carne do camarão (Р<0,05). Concluiu-se que a adição de linhaça à ração promoveu importantes modificações na qualidade nutricional dos tecidos do camarão.

The aim of the present study was to analyze the chemical composition of shrimp fed with a diet added of linseed flour. Five hundred post larvae shrimp were divided into two groups: a linseed group fed with a diet based on casein complemented with linseed and a control group, fed a diet without linseed flour. The cholesterol content for the linseed group was 120.8±23.9 mg/100g while for the control group it was 130.2±13.9 mg/100g. However, the protein content of 15.8±0.09 % and the body weight of 1.38±0.93g for the linseed group were higher than for the control group. It was concluded that the addition of linseed to the diet seems to increase the protein, weight and oleic acid (C18:1, ω-9) in the shrimp tissue. The ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids and ω-6/ω-3 for the linseed group was more suitable than for the control group.

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Avaliou-se a expressão de ácidos graxos, macronutrientes e colesterol de camarões-da-malásia alimentados com dieta adicionada de sementes de linhaça. Quinhentos camarões foram distribuídos em dois grupos e alimentados durante 90 dias com dietas contendo: 1) lipídeo proveniente de linhaça e 2) óleo de soja (controle). A concentração de proteína foi maior (Р<0,05) para o grupo-linhaça, 15,8±0,09%, em relação ao grupo-controle, 15,2±0,04%. O peso corporal também se apresentou maior no grupo-linhaça, 1,38±0,93g, em relação ao grupo-controle, 0,93±0,48g. O grupo-linhaça apresentou teor de colesterol de 120,8±23,9mg/100g e o grupo-controle, 130,2±13,9mg/100g, porém sem diferença estatística significativa. Em relação ao perfil lipídico, a suplementação da dieta com linhaça influenciou a incorporação do ácido oleico (C18:1, ω-9) e melhorou a relação ω-6/ω-3 na carne do camarão (Р<0,05). Concluiu-se que a adição de linhaça à ração promoveu importantes modificações na qualidade nutricional dos tecidos do camarão.(AU)

The aim of the present study was to analyze the chemical composition of shrimp fed with a diet added of linseed flour. Five hundred post larvae shrimp were divided into two groups: a linseed group fed with a diet based on casein complemented with linseed and a control group, fed a diet without linseed flour. The cholesterol content for the linseed group was 120.8±23.9 mg/100g while for the control group it was 130.2±13.9 mg/100g. However, the protein content of 15.8±0.09 % and the body weight of 1.38±0.93g for the linseed group were higher than for the control group. It was concluded that the addition of linseed to the diet seems to increase the protein, weight and oleic acid (C18:1, ω-9) in the shrimp tissue. The ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids and ω-6/ω-3 for the linseed group was more suitable than for the control group.(AU)

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A high occurrence rate of consanguineous marriages may favour the onset and increased frequency of autosomal recessive diseases in a population. The population of Monte Santo, Bahia, Brazil, has a high frequency of rare genetic diseases such as mucopolysaccharidosis type VI, whose observed frequency in this population is 1:5000, while the incidence of this disease recorded in other regions of the world varies from 1:43,261 in Turkey to 1:1,505,160 in Switzerland. To verify the influence of consanguineous marriage on the increased frequency of observed genetic diseases in this population, the population structure and frequency of different types of marriage during different time periods were evaluated. A total of 9765 marriages were found in an analysis of parish marriage records from the city. Over three periods, 1860-1895, 1950-1961 and 1975-2010, the inbreeding rates were 37.1%, 13.2% and 4.2% respectively. Although there was a high rate of inbreeding, endogamic marriages were the dominant marriage type in all three periods. In the most recent period, there was an increase in the number of exogamous marriages and those among immigrants, but most of these occurred among individuals from cities that neighbour Monte Santo. The low rate of migration and high frequency of endogamic and consanguineous marriages show that growth of this population is predominantly internal and could explain the occurrence, and increase in frequency, of recessive genetic diseases in the city.

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Diphyllobothriasis is an infection of the small intestine by the broad tapeworm Diphyllobothrium sp. The associated symptomatology is nonspecific, but megaloblastic anemia is a well-described complication. Although the infection is common in temperate regions, descriptions in South America have so far been limited to Chile, Peru, and a few cases in Argentina. This paper presents the first confirmed Brazilian case of diphyllobothriasis. A 29-years-old woman living in Salvador (state of Bahia) apparently acquired the infection from eating sushi. The diagnosis was based on fecal examination that revealed a large quantity of operculated eggs. A single dose of praziquantel (600 mg) was sufficient to cure the infection.

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We describe 10 children with endomyocardial fibrosis who underwent surgical treatment between 1978 and 1999. Seven were male and 3 female, with an age range from 4 to 15 years, having a mean age of 11 years. All were in the final stage of heart failure. Three had biventricular disease, 6 had involvement of the right ventricle alone, and one had endomyocardial fibrosis confined to the left ventricle. There were 3 deaths (30%) in the postoperative period due to low cardiac output. The 7 survivors were followed up for a period ranging from 12 to 168 months, with a mean of 72 months. Two late deaths have occurred resulting from heart failure and infectious endocarditis. Five (50%) children are still alive. Two required 3 reoperations for dysfunction of the inserted valvar prosthesis. One patient is in functional Class IV, and 4 are in Class II to III, despite intensive medical treatment. It is concluded that surgery for endomyocardial fibrosis is an essentially palliative procedure and, especially in children, the results of surgical treatment leave much to be desired.

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PURPOSE: To comprove the efficiency of acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) as platelet antiaggregant drug, a 100 mg/day dose base. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty-eight patients were studied between 1988 and 1990. Platelet functions were measured using an aggregometer plus ADP 5 as platelet aggregation inductor. RESULTS: Two groups were studied: 1st group, using ASA (111 patients), 91 hypoaggregants; 2nd group, not using ASA (147 patients), 120 normals, 12 hypoaggregants and 15 hyperaggregants. From the 2nd group, 91 had another evaluation under the use of ASA and showed a clear effect of the drug. CONCLUSION: The use of aspirin, 100 mg/day dose, is enough to reduce platelet antiaggregation.

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A 32 year old female patient, documented clinically and echocardiographically to have a competent prolapse of the mitral valve (MVP), developed a sudden ischemic cerebrovascular accident (CVA), suggestive of embolism. There were no predisposing factors to cerebrovascular disease, except for past use of contraceptive pills. Tomographic study disclosed an ischemic right-parietal "wedge-shaped" defect. The patients's recovery, with physiotherapy and AAS, was satisfactory. The authors discuss the association of MVP and CVA, considering physiopathogenic, prophylactic and therapeutic aspects, emphasizing the need to consider MVP as a cause of CVA in young adults.

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O significado clinico de determinadas anomalias coronarias ainda esta esclarecido. Sao relatados casos incomuns de dois pacientes com origem anomala da arteria descendente anterior em coronaria direita, com trajeto subpulmonar. Ambos apresentavam certas evidencias de alteracoes isquemicas, traduzidas pela sintomatologia, manifestacoes eletricas ou cintilografia miocardica. O mecanismo fisiopatologico da isquemia miocardica que possa advir anomalia e obscuro

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