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INTRODUCTION: Propofol and midazolam are the main options for moderate sedation in clinical practice. In addition, these drugs are used to reduce intracranial pressure in cases of intracranial hypertension, and their use in these situations is guided by limited evidence. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of propofol and midazolam on intracranial pressure wave morphology in moderate sedation in patients undergoing upper digestive endoscopy. METHODS: Sixty patients were included in this study, being divided into two groups, propofol and midazolam group. Intracranial pressure was monitored during and after upper digestive endoscopy, using non-invasive monitoring equipment developed by the company Brain4care. Arterial pressure was measured before and after the exam. RESULTS: The propofol group had lower intracranial pressure (p=0.037) during moderate sedation compared to intracranial pressure after endoscopy and a significant decrease in systolic (p=0.0001) and diastolic pressure (p=0.001) after sedation. Midazolam, on the other hand, reduced systolic pressure (p=0.001), but didn't change the other parameters after the procedure. There wasn't a significant difference between the propofol and midazolam groups. CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference between the groups studied, however, analyses within the propofol and midazolam groups indicate that propofol, but not midazolam, causes changes in intracranial pressure in moderate sedation.

INTRODUÇÃO: O propofol e o midazolam são as principais opções para sedação moderada na prática clínica. Além disso, esses medicamentos são usados para reduzir a pressão intracraniana em casos de hipertensão intracraniana e seu uso nessas situações é orientado por evidências limitadas. OBJETIVO: Comparar os efeitos do propofol e do midazolam na morfologia da curva de pressão intracraniana na sedação moderada em pacientes submetidos à endoscopia digestiva alta. MÉTODOS: Sessenta pacientes foram incluídos nesse estudo, sendo divididos em dois grupos: propofol e midazolam. A pressão intracraniana foi monitorada durante e após a endoscopia digestiva alta, usando um equipamento de monitoramento não invasivo desenvolvido pela empresa Brain4care. A pressão arterial foi medida antes e depois do exame. RESULTADOS: O grupo do propofol apresentou pressão intracraniana mais baixa (p=0,037) durante a sedação moderada em comparação com a pressão intracraniana após a endoscopia, e uma diminuição significativa na pressão sistólica (p=0,0001) e diastólica (p=0,001) após a sedação. O midazolam, por outro lado, reduziu a pressão sistólica (p=0,001), mas não alterou os outros parâmetros após o procedimento. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos propofol e midazolam. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos estudados; entretanto, as análises dentro dos grupos de propofol e midazolam indicam que apenas o propofol causa alterações na pressão intracraniana em sedação moderada.

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Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the millimeter distances and active tip diameters of different periodontal probes. Methods: Two types of periodontal probes were analyzed (North Carolina (15-UNC) and PCP-12). Two manufacturers were selected for each probe type. Digital images of the probes were obtained and the distances were measured using a software program. The diameter of the active tip was measured using a digital caliper. Both variables were measured by two trained and calibrated examiners. The data were analyzed using the Bland-Altman method and two-way ANOVA with Tukey's post-hoc test. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: A comparison of measurements between the 15UNC and PCP-12 probes showed a significant difference in all millimeter markings. The 15-UNC probe showed differences between the 3 and 12 mm markings. The PCP-12 probe only showed differences between the marks at the 12 mm mark. The 15-UNC probe had a similar active tip diameter between the two manufacturers. The PCP-12 probe showed a significant difference between the two manufacturers. Both types of probes had similar active tip diameters when compared by the two manufacturers. Conclusion: There was no standardization in relation to millimeter marks and tip diameters of the two types of periodontal probes produced by the two different manufacturers. The probe types exhibited little variability

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Among the complications related to chronic kidney disease (CKD), those of a neurological nature stand out, and for a better quality of life for patients, the diagnosis and treatment of these complications is fundamental. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the effect of hemodialysis on intracranial pressure waveform (ICPw) in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis and those who are not yet undergoing substitutive therapy. DESIGN AND SETTING: An observational study was conducted in two stages at a kidney replacement therapy center in Brazil. The first was a longitudinal study and the second was a cross-sectional study. METHODS: Forty-two patients on hemodialysis were included in the first stage of the study. In the second stage, 226 participants were included. Of these, 186 were individuals with chronic kidney disease (who were not undergoing substitutive therapy), and 40 did not have the disease (control group). The participants' intracranial compliance was assessed using the non-invasive Brain4care method, and the results were compared between the groups. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the hemodialysis and non-hemodialysis groups, with the former having better ICPw conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Hemodialysis influenced the improvement in ICPw, probably due to the decrease in the patients' extra-and intracellular volumes. Furthermore, ICPw monitoring can be a new parameter to consider when defining the moment to start substitutive therapy.

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BACKGROUND: Among the complications related to chronic kidney disease (CKD), those of a neurological nature stand out, and for a better quality of life for patients, the diagnosis and treatment of these complications is fundamental. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the effect of hemodialysis on intracranial pressure waveform (ICPw) in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis and those who are not yet undergoing substitutive therapy. DESIGN AND SETTING: An observational study was conducted in two stages at a kidney replacement therapy center in Brazil. The first was a longitudinal study and the second was a cross-sectional study. METHODS: Forty-two patients on hemodialysis were included in the first stage of the study. In the second stage, 226 participants were included. Of these, 186 were individuals with chronic kidney disease (who were not undergoing substitutive therapy), and 40 did not have the disease (control group). The participants' intracranial compliance was assessed using the non-invasive Brain4care method, and the results were compared between the groups. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the hemodialysis and non-hemodialysis groups, with the former having better ICPw conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Hemodialysis influenced the improvement in ICPw, probably due to the decrease in the patients' extra-and intracellular volumes. Furthermore, ICPw monitoring can be a new parameter to consider when defining the moment to start substitutive therapy.

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Introduction: Circulatory system diseases are one of the leading causes of death. Periodontal health is a component of oral and general health that contributes to quality of life. Objective: To analyze periodontal conditions and quality of life in patients with circulatory diseases. Material and method: Cross-sectional study, with patients with circulatory diseases (n=125). The clinical periodontal examination was performed considering: biofilm, bleeding on probing, suppuration, probing depth, gingival recession, and clinical attachment level. Quality of life was assessed with the Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and Oral Health Impact Profile - short form (OHIP-14). Data were analyzed with parametric and nonparametric tests (α=5%). Result: Elderly and men had a greater severity of periodontal disease. The Elderly had lower values in the domains of "Functional capacity" and "Physical aspects" (SF-36). The domain "Pain" had lower values in subjects with health/gingivitis. OHIP-14 did not show differences in the comparisons. There was no correlation between quality of life and the severity of periodontal disease. Conclusion: Among patients with circulatory diseases, the elderly and men had greater severity of periodontal disease. The elderly had a poorer quality of life (functional capacity and physical aspects). There was no correlation between the severity of periodontal disease and quality of life.

Introdução: As doenças do aparelho circulatório representam uma das principais causas de mortes. A saúde periodontal é um componente da saúde bucal e saúde geral que contribui para a qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Analisar as condições periodontais e a qualidade de vida em pacientes com doenças circulatórias. Material e método: Estudo transversal, com pacientes com doenças circulatórias (n=125). O exame clínico periodontal foi realizado considerando: biofilme, sangramento à sondagem, supuração, profundidade de sondagem, recessão gengival e nível de inserção clínica. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada com o Medical Outcomes Study 36 - Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) e Oral Health Impact Profile - short form (OHIP-14). Os dados foram analisados com testes paramétricos e não paramétricos (α=5%). Resultado Idosos e os homens tiveram maior severidade da doença periodontal. Idosos apresentaram menores valores nos domínios "Capacidade funcional" e "Aspectos físicos" (SF-36). O domínio "Dor" teve menor valor nos indivíduos com saúde/gengivite. OHIP-14 não apresentou diferenças nas comparações. Não houve correlação entre qualidade de vida a severidade da doença periodontal. Conclusão Entre os pacientes com doenças circulatórias, os idosos e os homens tiveram maior severidade da doença periodontal. Idosos tiveram pior qualidade de vida (capacidade funcional e aspectos físicos). Não houve correlação entre a severidade da doença periodontal e a qualidade de vida.

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INTRODUCTION: Pregnancy is characterized by increased innate immune response, with low-grade systemic inflammation. The specific role of MPO during normal pregnancy remains not well understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate plasma levels of MPO, hs-CRP, total leukocyte, absolute neutrophil and monocyte counts, in all trimesters of normal human pregnancy compared with non-pregnant controls. In addition, possible fluctuations of MPO according to different inflammatory conditions in the normal gestation were studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Case-control study (n=84) developed with 63 normal pregnant women and 21 healthy non-pregnant women. Total leukocyte, absolute neutrophils and absolute monocytes count, hs-CRP and MPO were measured in non-pregnant women and normal human pregnancy. They were evaluated according to the 3 trimesters of pregnancy and systemic low grade inflammatory status, which was identified through increased hs-CRP levels. RESULTS: MPO levels in the normal pregnant women were not elevated in every 3 trimesters of pregnancy (P=0.456) or in systemic inflammation (P=0.446). The hs-CRP levels, total leukocyte, absolute neutrophil and monocyte counts are present in higher concentrations in normal pregnant women in relation to non-pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS: The MPO did not show fluctuations in plasma levels during the 3 trimesters of gestation or in relation to different inflammation conditions. Considering MPO and hs-CRP levels are changed in high cardiovascular risk conditions and MPO levels (unlike hs-CRP) didn't increase during non complicated pregnancy, MPO could be a better biomarker than hs-CRP to monitor these patients.

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This study aimed to compare the biomechanical stability of the fixation of mandibular sagittal split osteotomy of the ramus by two types of titanium miniplates in sheep mandibles. Seven preserved sheep mandibles with similar weight and size were selected, dissected with complete removal of soft-tissue structures, and sectioned in their midline. After performing sagittal split osteotomy, 5 mm of advancement was standardized and samples were divided into two groups according to the type of titanium miniplate (GI = seven hemimandibles were fixed with straight titanium miniplate, GII = seven hemimandibles were fixed with L-shaped titanium miniplates), and then subjected to compressive load. The means (standard deviation) of the compressive load and extension values were 70.68 N (22.26) and 63.36 mm (15.60) to straight miniplates, and 78.80 N (32.54) and 70.55 mm (5.42) to L-shaped miniplates. After comparison and statistical analysis, the results showed no significant difference between the two types of titanium miniplates.

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The dolomite (DMT) can affect the metabolism of calcium and hydroxyl ions mineralization. To evaluate the toxicity, chemical properties and release of calcium and magnesium ions about 4 samples of DMT: Bioficina® - DMT I, Flora Pinhais® - DMT II, Dolomitex® - DMT III and Gran-White - DMT IV and hydroxide calcium PA (Biodinâmica® - HCA). Through bioassay Artemia Salina, hydrogen potential (pH), atomic absorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) of 4 samples of DMT was verified that the samples are suitable for potential use in dental materials. XRD and XRF techniques allowed to characterize the spatial conformation of the unit cell of dolomite, crystalline phases, mass percentage of chemical elements present in the samples. The presence of crystalline phases in addition to DMT has been identified as quartz and calcite. Impurities were detected in small amounts (Fe, K, Sr, Tm, S, Cu) and HCa to expectations about 100% portlandite. The pH was measured at concentrations of 1000 µg/mL;750 µg/mL;500 µg/mL;250 µg/ml and 100 ug/ml of the diluted crude extract of the sample at initial (0) and the periods of 24 and 168 hours wich were characterized in alkalinity pattern. In the interpretation of XRD and XRF tests have been detected the presence of silica, calcite and impurities besides the pure DMT in trace amounts in 2 samples while HCa to expectations of approximately 100% portlandite. To determine the toxicity was used the alternative method of lethal concentration 50 (CL50) with the bioassay model Artemia Salina. It resulted in low level of toxicity of DMTs with insignificant difference between times 24 and 48 hours. There was a release of 100ppm calcium and 32 ppm magnesium ions. None of the samples showed a significant percentage of other constituents considered harmful to health. It could be concluded that DMT is non-toxic, alkaline pH, considerable release of calcium ions, with crystalline phase that is characterized as a potential dental use.

A dolomita (DMT) afeta o metabolismo da mineralização por dissociação em íons cálcio e hidroxila. Avaliar a toxicidade, propriedades químicas e liberação de íons cálcio e magnésio de 4 amostras comerciais: Bioficina® - DMT I, Flora Pinhais® - DMT II, Dolomitex® - DMT III e Gran-White­DMT IV e do hidróxido de cálcio PA(Biodinâmica® - HCa). Com bioensaio Artemia Salina, potencial Hidrogeniônico(pH), absorção atômica, difração de raios X(DRX) e fluorescência de raios X(FRX) foi verificada a adequação do uso potencial para materiais odontológicos. DRX e FRX caracterizaram as fases cristalinas e percentual em massa de elementos químicos. Foi identificada a presença de fases cristalinas além da DMT, como quartzo e calcita. Impurezas foram detectadas e o HCa correspondeu às expectativas de aproximadamente 100% portlandita. O pH foi aferido em concentrações de 1000µg/mL;750µg/mL;500µg/mL;250 µg/mL e 100µg/mL do extrato bruto diluído das amostras nos tempos inicial (0) e 24 e 168horas. Sendo caracterizados no padrão de alcalinidade, DRX e FRX detectaram a presença de sílica, calcita e impurezas em quantidades mínimas em 2 das amostras e o HCa correspondeu às expectativas de aproximadamente 100% de portlandita. A toxicidade resultou em baixo índice com diferença insignificante entre os tempos 24 e 48h. Em média, ocorreu a liberação de íons: 100ppm de cálcio e 32ppm de magnésio. Nenhuma das amostras apresentou porcentagem significativa de constituintes considerados prejudiciais à saúde. Pôde-se concluir que a DMT é atóxica, pH alcalino, considerável liberação de íons cálcio, de fase cristalina que a caracteriza como potencial uso odontológico.

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ABSTRACT Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most leading causes of intellectual disability. The aim of this study was to compare biochemical and hematological parameters, triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios in individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) associated or not with DS. The main result is the lower HDL-C level in individuals with DS than in the ID group, suggesting a modification in the lipid profile whose origin would lie in genetic alterations. However, further researches are important to analyze if there is any link between trisomy 21 and the reduction of plasma HDL-C levels in individuals with DS.

RESUMO A síndrome de Down (SD) é uma das principais causas de deficiência intelectual. Os objetivos deste estudo foram comparar parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos, bem como encontrar a relação triglicerídeo/colesterol da lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL-C) e a razão neutrófilo/linfócito em indivíduos com deficiência intelectual (DI) associada ou não à SD. O principal resultado foi a diminuição do HDL-C em indivíduos com SD quando comparados àqueles com DI, sugerindo que essa modificação no perfil lipídico pode se relacionar com alterações genéticas. Portanto, pesquisas adicionais são importantes para analisar se existe ligação entre a trissomia 21 e a redução dos níveis de HDL-C em indivíduos com SD.

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Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in microhardness and mineral profiles in sound and demineralized dentin of primary molars after treatment with powdered dolomite (DMT) followed by glass ionomer cement (GIC) restoration. Material and Methods: 32 decidous molars were selected and randomly assigned to four groups according to dentin pretreatment and dentin condition. Class I cavities were prepared in 32 decidous molars, equally divided into groups G1 (sound dentin) and G2 (demineralized dentin). This in vitro study examined the mechanical and chemical exchange under two conditions: sound and demineralized dentin (pH cycling) to simulate the mineral loss occurs for the caries lesion.The 16-tooth (G1DMT, G2DMT) received first topical application of DMT and restoration of high viscosity GIC. The 16 teeth assigned to the groups (G1 and G2) were restored only with GIC. The specimens were sliced and prepared for Knoop hardness test (KHN), Micro Raman and FEG microhardness analysis. Results: The statiscal analysis used ANOVA and Bonferroni post-test at a significance level of 5%. Micro Raman and FEG data were qualitatively described. Conclusion: DMT associated with GIC resulted incresead microhardness values of the demineralized dentin substrate, with positive repercussions of the chemical-mechanical properties of the dentin demineralized (AU)

Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar alterações minerais e repercussões em propriedades mecânicas em dentina hígida e desmineralizada de molares deciduous após tratamento com dolomita (DMT) em pó, seguida de Cimento de Ionômero de Vidro (CIV). Material e Métodos: Foram preparadas cavidades classe I em 32 molares decíduos, divididos em G1 (dentina hígida) e G2 (dentina desmineralizada). A cavidade de classe I foi dividida em dois sítios, um deles foi isolado com esmalte (porção mesial) para obter uma área de sem-contato (área controle: SC) e contato (área teste: C) com DMT. As cavidades de 16 dentes (G1DMT, G2DMT) receberam aplicação do DMT e restauração de CIV. Os 16 dentes destinados aos grupos (G1 e G2) foram restaurados com CIV. Os espécimes foram fatiados e preparados para análise de microdureza Knoop, Micro Raman e FEG. As variáveis dentina (hígida e desmineralizada), tratamento (sem e com DMT) e interação (dentina e tratamento) foram analisadas com o teste ANOVA fatorial e pós-teste de Bonferroni nível de significância de 5% (α=0,05). Resultados: Os resultados mostraram nas áreas SC: diferença significativa foi encontrada ao fator dentina (p=0,0001). Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas na interação dentina e tratamento (p=0,238). Na área C: não houve diferença significativa em relação à dentina (p=0,391). No entanto, houve diferença significativa na interação dentina e tratamento (p=0,001). Conclusão: As trocas minerais entre DMT, CIV e dentina desmineralizada podem induzir mudanças das propriedades mecânicas do substrato dentinário ao promover a incorporação de íons minerais. A aplicação direta da DMT no tecido desmineralizado alterou as propriedades químico-mecânica sem a necessidade de associar o CIV.(AU)

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Aim: To assess the effect of the chemical exchange between restorations using high-viscosity glass ionomer cement (GIC) and the casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate CPP-ACP treatment on primary demineralized dentin by analyzing the hardness changes caused by calcium, phosphate and fluoride uptake. Methods: 40 deciduous molars were selected and randomly assigned to four groups according to dentin pretreatment and dentin condition. Class I cavity preparations were performed in 40 sound primary molar samples, equally divided into groups G1 (sound dentin) and G2 (demineralized dentin). Sub-groups (n = 10) were set in order to aid in investigating the isolated GIC action or its association with CPP-ACP. This study was conducted in vitro and assessed the chemical exchange under two conditions, namely: sound and demineralized dentin (pH cycling); This in vitro study examined the mechanical and chemical exchange under two conditions ­ sound and demineralized dentin (pH cycling) ­ to simulate the mineral loss that occurs for the caries lesion. The 40 teeth first received a topical application of ACP-CPP and a restoration of high viscosity GIC. The 20 teeth assigned to the groups (G1 and G2) were only restored with GIC. The specimens were sliced and prepared for Knoop hardness test (KHN), Micro Raman, and FEG microhardness analysis groups. The statistical analysis used ANOVA and Bonferroni post-test at a 5% significance level. EDS (Dispersive Energy Spectroscopy) and FEG (High-resolution scanning electron microscope) data were qualitatively described. Results: Increased hardness was observed in all sites that had direct contact with GIC in the sound and demineralized dentin samples in all groups (p < 0.001); microhardness showed no differences after CPP-ACP application (p > 0.05). The direct contact between GIC in sound and demineralized dentins resulted in an increased phosphate peak in the FEG and EDS evaluations.Conclusion: ACP-CPP associated with GIC showed no increase in microhardness values of the demineralized dentin substrate. The exchange between the GIC and the demineralized dentin may induce changes in the mechanical properties of the substrate and in the uptake of mineral ions.

Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito das trocas quiímicas entre restaurações de cimento de ionômero de vidro de alta viscosidade (GIC) e CPP-ACP para o tratamento da dentina decidua desminalizada por meio de análise em mudanças químicas causadas pelo cálcio, fosfato e fluoreto.Métodos: 40 molares decíduos foram selecionadas e aleatoriamente divididos em quatro grupos de acordo com o pré-tratamento e condição dentinária. Cavidades Classe I foram preparadas em 40 molares decíduos, igualmente divididos em grupo G1 (dentina hígida) e G2 (dentina desmineralizada). Subgrupos (n = 10) for a formados para investigar a ação isolada do GIC ou associado com CPP-ACP. O estudo foi realizado in vitro e avaliado as trocas químicas sob duas condições: dentina hígida e desminralizada (ciclagem de pH); Este estudo in vitro avaliou as mudanças químicas e mecânicas sob duas condições: dentina hígida e desmineralizada (ciclagem de pH) para similar as perdas minerais decorrentes das lesões cariosas. Os 40 dentes (G1DMT, G2DMT) receberam primeira aplicação de ACP-CPP e restauração com CIV de alta viscosidade. Os 20 dentes foram atribuídos aos grupos (G1 e G2) foram restaurados com GIC. Os espécimes foram fatiados e preparados para o teste de dureza Knoop (KHN), Micro Raman and FEG análise de microdureza. A análise estatística utilizaou ANOVA e Bonferroni post-test con nível de significância de 5%. EDS (Espectroscopia de Energia Dispersiva) e FEG (Microscopia de alta resolução de elétrons de varredura) foram qualitativamente descritos.Resultados: Aumento da dureza foi observado em todos os sítios em contato direto com CIV em amostras de dentinas hígida e desmineralizada em todos os grupos. (p < 0,001); a microdureza monstrous diferenças não-significativas com aplicação de CPP-ACP (p > 0,05). O contato direto entre GIC em dentinas hígida e desmineralizada resultou em aumento do pico de fosfato nas avaliações de FEG EDS. Conclusão: ACP-CPP associado ao GIC não resultou em aumento de valores de microdureza no substrato dentinário desmineralizado. As mudanças entre GIC e dentina desminralizada podem induzir mudanças nas propriedades mecanicas do substrato e aumentar a incorporação de íons minerais.

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Periodontal research involves the use of animal models to better understand the biological processes of periodontal diseases and the potential of new or existing therapies. Currently, ligature-induced periodontitis in rats is the main model used in periodontal research, in this model, alveolar bone loss (ABL) is the main parameter evaluated by radiographic, morphometric, and histological techniques. Interestingly, although these methodologies are widely used, it is not totally clarified neither the kinetics of ABL over the induction time nor the agreement degree (repeatability and reproducibility) of these techniques. OBJECTIVE: To characterize ABL kinetics at 0, 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days after ABL induction by ligature and to evaluate the intra- (repeatability) and inter-examiner (reproducibility) agreement and the correlation among the radiographic, morphometric, and histological methodologies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 60 male Wistar rats with induced ABL were randomly divided into 6 experimental groups (n = 10 animals/group). After 0, 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days, the animals were euthanized and their hemimandibles were removed for ABL determination using radiographic, morphometric and histological techniques. RESULTS: Radiographic and morphometric/linear techniques allowed the detection of statistically significant ABL on the third day, while histological and morphometric/area techniques could only detect ABL after the seventh day (ANOVA/Tukey, p<0.05). After the fifteenth day, except for histological analysis, the ABL was stabilized. Concerning the agreement of the methodologies, Bland Altman's test (intra and inter-examiner evaluations) showed no difference among the measurements (p>0.05). In addition, high correlations (Pearson's test, r2>0.9, p<0.05) were observed. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that the minimum time for ABL induction could vary from 3 to 7 days, according to the chosen analysis methodology. Agreement and correlation data support the comparison of results between studies with same induction time.

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Abstract Periodontal research involves the use of animal models to better understand the biological processes of periodontal diseases and the potential of new or existing therapies. Currently, ligature-induced periodontitis in rats is the main model used in periodontal research, in this model, alveolar bone loss (ABL) is the main parameter evaluated by radiographic, morphometric, and histological techniques. Interestingly, although these methodologies are widely used, it is not totally clarified neither the kinetics of ABL over the induction time nor the agreement degree (repeatability and reproducibility) of these techniques. Objective: To characterize ABL kinetics at 0, 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days after ABL induction by ligature and to evaluate the intra- (repeatability) and inter-examiner (reproducibility) agreement and the correlation among the radiographic, morphometric, and histological methodologies. Material and Methods: 60 male Wistar rats with induced ABL were randomly divided into 6 experimental groups (n = 10 animals/group). After 0, 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days, the animals were euthanized and their hemimandibles were removed for ABL determination using radiographic, morphometric and histological techniques. Results: Radiographic and morphometric/linear techniques allowed the detection of statistically significant ABL on the third day, while histological and morphometric/area techniques could only detect ABL after the seventh day (ANOVA/Tukey, p<0.05). After the fifteenth day, except for histological analysis, the ABL was stabilized. Concerning the agreement of the methodologies, Bland Altman's test (intra and inter-examiner evaluations) showed no difference among the measurements (p>0.05). In addition, high correlations (Pearson's test, r2>0.9, p<0.05) were observed. Conclusion: The results indicated that the minimum time for ABL induction could vary from 3 to 7 days, according to the chosen analysis methodology. Agreement and correlation data support the comparison of results between studies with same induction time.

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Evidências recentes apontam a psoríase como possível fator sistêmico capaz de interferir no desenvolvimento, progressão e severidade da doença periodontal. Por outro lado, o quadro infeccioso presente na doença periodontal pode atuar como fator de risco para o desenvolvimento da psoríase ou como fator desencadeador da exacerbação de lesões cutâneas em remissão. Este estudo buscou discutir os dados presentes na literatura científica a respeito da relação entre psoríase e doença periodontal e apresentar os possíveis mecanismos biológicos que poderiam sustentar esta associação. Foram selecionados 10 estudos clínicos observacionais, publicados até dezembro de 2016, que avaliaram a relação entre psoríase e doença periodontal. Uma sequência de estudos observacionais demonstra uma relação bidirecional entre a psoríase e doença periodontal, porém sem ainda poder estabelecer uma relação de causalidade entre elas que possa designar uma doença como comorbidade da outra. É evidente a necessidade de mais estudos, especialmente para evidenciar se esta relação realmente acontece de maneira causal, ou se ela ocorre indiretamente devido a presença de outros fatores envolvidos, como o impacto nos hábitos de vida do paciente com psoríase e a presença de fatores de risco genéticos e ambientais em comum nas duas patologias. (AU)

Recent evidence demonstrates psoriasis as a possible systemic factor that could affect the development, progression and severity of periodontal disease. Furthermore, the infections present in periodontal disease may act as a risk factor for psoriasis development or as a triggering factor in exacerbation of cutaneous lesions in remission. This study aimed to discuss the date found in scientific literature regarding the relation between psoriasis and periodontal disease and to present the possible biological mechanisms that could explain this association. There were selected 10 observational clinical studies published until December 2016 that evaluate the relation between psoriasis and periodontal disease. A sequence of observational studies demonstrates a bidirectional relation between psoriasis and periodontal disease, but without establish a causal relation between theythat could determine a disease as a comorbidity of another. The needs for more studies is evident, especially to evidence if the relation really happens in a causal way, or if it occurs indirectly due other factors involved, such as impact of psoriatic patient's life habits and the presence of genetic and ambient risk factors shared byboth pathologies. (AU)

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ABSTRACT Objective The objective of this experimental study was to evaluate, through bone densitometry, the performance of two factors that may influence the osseointegration process: nicotine and superficial texturization of the implants. Methods Nineteen New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were randomly distributed in two groups (test and control), in which 38 implants were placed. 19 machined implants (flat) 3.75 mm of diameter by 6.0 mm length were placed at the right tibia of the animals and, at the left tibia, 19 anodized implants (Vulcano(r)) with the same dimensions. Subcutaneous injections of nicotine 3ml/day/kg, three times a day were administered in group, group control also received, three times a day, subcutaneous solution of NaCl (3ml/day/kg), for 8 weeks. After this period, the densitometry analysis was performed. Results Considering the optical density (pixels), there were no statistical significant differences between the types of implants (p = 0.135) as well as between groups (p=0.590). Conclusion The nicotine inside the experimental conditions used in this study and the superficial texturization of the implants indicated that they were not influencing bone density.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar por meio de densitometria óssea o comportamento de dois fatores que podem inteferir no processo da osseointegração: a nicotina e a texturização superficial dos implantes. Métodos Dezenove coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia (Oryctolagus cuniculus) foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos (teste e controle), nos quais foram colocados 38 implantes. Na tíbia direita dos animais foram inseridos dezenove implantes usinados (lisos) de 3,75 mm de diâmetro por 6,0 mm de comprimento e, na tíbia esquerda, dezenove implantes anodizados (Vulcano(r)) nas mesmas dimensões. Foram administradas no grupo teste injeções subcutâneas de nicotina 3ml/dia/kg, três vezes ao dia, o grupo controle recebeu igualmente, três vezes ao dia, solução subcutânea de NaCl (3ml/dia/kg), por oito semanas. Após esse período, procedeu-se a análise densitométrica. Resultados Considerando a densidade óptica (pixels), não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os tipos de implantes (p = 0.135) bem como entre os grupos (p=0.590). Conclusão A nicotina dentro das condições experimentais empregadas neste estudo e a texturização superficial dos implantes não interferiram na densidade óssea.

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Background: Fluoride plays an important role in the control of dental caries. Aim: To evaluate the chemical exchange between restoration of glass ionomer cement of high viscosity (GIC) and primary dentin with application of sodium fluoride (NaF) 2% through changes in hardness from uptake of calcium, phosphate and fluoride. Material and method: Class I cavities were prepared in 40 sound primary molars, and the sample was divided into two groups (n=20) according to dentin condition: sound (1) and demineralized (2). Sub-groups (n=10) were formed to investigate the isolated action of the GIC or the association with NaF (F). This in vitro study examined the chemical exchange under two conditions, sound and demineralized dentin (pH cycling), to simulate the occurrence of mineral loss for the caries lesion. G1 and G2 received GIC restoration only; groups G1F and G2F received NaF before GIC restoration. The specimens were prepared for Knoop hardness test and micro-Raman spectroscopy. A two-way ANOVA test (alfa = 0.05) was used for statistical analysis. Micro-Raman data were qualitatively described. Result: Increased hardness was observed in all the sites of direct contact with GIC in sound and demineralized dentin for all groups (p<0.001); no difference was observed in microhardness after application of NaF (p>0.05). In the evaluation of micro-Raman, direct contact between GIC and dentin for sound and demineralized dentin resulted in increased peaks of phosphate. Conclusion:The exchange between GIC and demineralized dentin may induce changes of mechanical properties of the substrate, and uptake of mineral ions (phosphate) occurs without the influence of NaF.

Introdução: O fluoreto desempenha importante papel no controle da cárie dental. Objetivo: Avaliar as trocas químicas entre cimentos de ionômero de vidro de alta viscosidade (CIV) e dentina decídua com aplicação de fluoreto de sódio (NaF) a 2% em alterações de dureza dentinária a partir da incorporação de cálcio, fosfato e fluoreto. Material e método: Cavidades Classe I foram preparadas em 40 molares hígidos divididos em 2 grupos (n=20), de acordo com a condição dentinária: hígida (1) e desmineralizada (2). Subgrupos (n=10) foram formados para avaliar a ação isolada do CIV ou associado com NaF (F). Este estudo in vitro avaliou as trocas químicas sob duas condições: dentina hígida e desmineralizada (ciclagem de pH) para simular a perda mineral que ocorre em lesões de cárie. Grupo G1 e G2 receberam restaurações de CIV; Grupos G1F e G2F receberam NaF antes do CIV. Os espécimes foram preparados para microdureza Knoop e Micro-Raman. Para análise estatística foi utilizada Anova 2 fatores (alfa = 0.05). Os dados do Micro-Raman foram descritos qualitativamente. Resultado: O aumento de dureza foi observado em todos os sítios de contato direto com CIV, em ambas dentinas em todos os grupos (p<0.001); não foi observado diferença em microdureza após aplicação do NaF (p>0.05). Na avaliação do Micro-Raman, o contato direto do CIV/dentina tanto hígida quanto desmineralizada resultou em um aumento do pico do fosfato dentinário. Conclusão: As trocas químicas entre o CIV e dentina desmineralizada podem induzir mudanças das propriedades mecânicas do substrato e a captação de íons minerais (fosfato) ocorre sem a influência do NaF.

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Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of tooth brushing supervision in one or more sessions on dental plaque removal and toothbrush wear. Material and Method: 3- to 5-year-old children received new toothbrushes and attended a puppet theater about oral health. Forty-nine children were randomly selected and divided into 3 groups (GI=20; GII=14; GIII=14). Fones' brushing method was demonstrated to the GI and GII groups to evaluate the following: the professional direct supervision and tooth brushing training in five sessions (GI), the professional direct supervision and a one-training session (GII) and the puppet theater influence only (GIII-control group). The dental plaque index (IPL) was recorded at baseline (T0), after 24 days (T1) and after 46 days (T2) and toothbrush wear (ID) was recorded on T1 and T2. The Kruskal-Wallis test and the Friedman test (IPL), as well as the one-way ANOVA and the paired Student's t-test (ID) (p<0.05) were employed to analyze the data. Result: GI showed a significant difference from the others groups in T1 and T2 (p<0.01).The index of toothbrush wear increased (p<0.0001) from 24 days (0.52±0.35mm) to 46 days (0.90±0.48mm), but there was no significant association between toothbrush wear and plaque index for T1 (r=0.230-p= 0.116) as well as for T2 (r=0.226-p=0.121). Conclusion: The multiple sessions of professional supervision were effective to reduce the dental plaque index, which was not influenced by toothbrush wear, showing continuous oral hygiene motivation needs.

Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade da supervisão de escovação em uma ou mais sessões na remoção de placa dental e desgaste de escovas. Material e Método: Crianças de 3 a 5 anos de idade receberam escovas dentais novas e participaram de um teatro de fantoches sobre saúde bucal. Foram selecionadas 49 e distribuídas aleatoriamente em três grupos (GI=20; GII=14 e GIII=14). A técnica de Fones foi demonstrada aos grupos GI e GII para avaliar:a supervisão profissional direta e o treinamento de escovação em cinco sessões (GI), a supervisão profissional direta e o treinamento em uma única sessão (GII) e a influência do teatro de fantoches (GIII-grupo controle). Os índices de placa dental (IPL) foram registrados no início do estudo (T0), após 24 dias (T1) e 46 dias (T2) e os índices de desgaste das escovas dentais (ID) no T1 e T2. Os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Friedman (IPL); ANOVA de um critério e o teste t de Student (ID) (p<0,05) foram empregados na análise dos dados. Resultado: O GI diferiu de forma significativa dos outros grupos no T1 e T2 (p<0,01). O índice de desgaste das escovas aumentou (p<0,0001) dos 24 dias (0,52±0,35mm) para os 46 dias (0,90±0,48mm) e não houve associação significativa entre desgaste de escova e índice de placa, tanto em T1 (r=0,230-p= 0,116), quanto em T2 (r=0.226-p=0,121). Conclusão: A supervisão profissional em sessões múltiplas foi efetiva para reduzir os índices de placa, os quais não foram influenciados pelo desgaste das escovas, mostrando a necessidade de contínua motivação em higiene bucal.

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AIM: To compare the use of etoricoxib and dexamethasone for postoperative pain prevention and control after mucogingival surgery. METHODS: Fifty-eight patients with indication for mucogingival surgery took part in this randomized parallel double-blind clinical trial. They were divided into three groups (G): G1 - placebo 1 h before surgery; G2 - 8 mg dexamethasone 1 h before surgery; G3 - 90 mg etoricoxib 1 h before surgery. Pain intensity was assessed in donor and recipient sites separately using the 101-point numerical rating scale NRS - 101, every hour for the first 8 h after surgery and three times a day on the following 3 days. RESULTS: there was a statistically significant difference in the postoperative pain intensity in the donor site between G1 and G3 after 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 7 h, 8 h and on the second day - in the evening after 32 h; between G1 and G2 after 2 h and 3 h, and between G2 and G3 only after the first hour. Pain intensity in the recipient site was statistically significant between G1 and G3 after 1 and 2 h (p<0.05). In addition, there was a lower ingestion of rescue medication in G2 and in G3 than in G1 (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: the use of a pre-emptive single dose of etoricoxib or dexamethasone may be considered an effective protocol for postoperative pain prevention and control after mucogingival surgery.

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Introdução: Selantes de fossas e fissuras são indicados para prevenir lesão de cárie em superfícies oclusais. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os selantes de fossas e fissuras aplicados por estudantes do Curso de Graduação em Odontologia da Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB), Santa Catarina. Material e Método: O estudo descritivo retrospectivo desenvolveu-se em três etapas: na primeira, procedeu-se à análise dos prontuários do Setor de Triagem, tendo como critério de inclusão a existência de radiografias dos dentes selados. Na segunda etapa, analisaram-se as radiografias dos prontuários selecionados e a história clínica da criança. A terceira etapa foi realizada por meio de exames clínicos e radiográficos, pelos quais eram verificadas as condições dos selantes de fossas e fissuras. Resultado: Foram analisados 800 prontuários, sendo selecionados 131 (16,37%) para a segunda etapa, quando se observou que 321 selantes de fossas e fissuras foram aplicados. Compareceram à consulta de controle 119 (90,84%) crianças, ocasião em que se confirmou a aplicação de 160 (49,85%) selantes resinosos, 126 (39,25%) com cimento de ionômero de vidro e 35 (10,90%) com resina flow. Foram observados 296 (92,21%) selantes em dentes permanentes. Ao exame clínico, verificou-se que 114 (35,51%) selantes haviam sido perdidos totalmente em diferentes períodos de tempo. Nenhuma lesão de cárie foi observada em 294 (91,59%) dentes selados. Conclusão: Verificou-se que os selantes de fossas e fissuras, aplicados por estudantes do Curso de Odontologia da FURB, foram eficazes na manutenção da maioria das superfícies dentárias livres de lesão de cárie, mesmo quando foram perdidos parcial ou totalmente.

Introduction: Pit and fissure sealants are indicated to prevent caries in occlusal surfaces. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate pit and fissure sealants applied by Dentistry undergraduate students of the Regional University of Blumenau (FURB), Santa Catarina. Material and Method: The retrospective descriptive study was developed in three stages: the analysis of the records of the Department of Screening, being used as an inclusion criterion the existence of X-rays of the sealed teeth. In the second step we analyzed the radiographs of selected records and medical history of the child. The third step was performed by clinical and radiographic examinations, when conditions of pit and fissure sealants were verified. Result: We analyzed 800 medical records, and selected 131 (16.37%) for the second step, where it was observed that 321 pit and fissure sealants were applied. 119 (90.84%) children attended the control dental appointment, when confirmed the application of 160 (49.85%) resin, 126 (39.25%) glass ionomer cement and 35 (10.90%) flowable composite. We observed 296 (92.21%) sealants in permanent teeth. The clinical examination revealed that 114 (35.51%) of the sealants were completely lost at different periods of time. No caries lesion was observed in 294 (91.59%) teeth sealed. Conclusion: It was found that the pit and fissure sealants applied by students of the FURB School of Dentistry were effective in maintaining the majority of tooth surfaces free of caries, even when they were partially or totally lost.

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Os anti-inflamatórios inibidores das ciclo-oxigenases (COX) representam a classe de fármacos mais comumente utilizada. A COX corresponde a uma classe de enzimas conservadas evolutivamente e tem duas isoformas principais: a COX-1 e a COX-2. Seus subprodutos têm papel fundamental na inflamação e na percepção da dor. Há uma grande discussão entre a inibição seletiva ou não da COX pelo fato de a mesma, além de participar dos eventos inflamatórios, ter papel fundamental na manutenção da homeostase do organismo. A inibição seletiva da COX-2 surgiu com o intuito de reduzir os efeitos deletérios gastrintestinais de uma inibição não seletiva; em contrapartida, a inibição exclusiva da COX-2 associou-se a sérios eventos cardiovasculares, por causar um desequilíbrio entre a produção de prostaciclina e tromboxano. O objetivo deste trabalho é revisar a literatura a esse respeito, apontando os prós e os contras da inibição seletiva ou não das enzimas ciclo-oxigenases.

The cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors are the most common drugs used worldwide. COX corresponds to an evolutionarily conserved class of enzymes and has two main isoforms: COX-1, which is largely associated with physiological functions, and COX-2, which is largely associated with pathological functions. Their subproducts have an important role in inflammation and pain perception. The COX-2 selective inhibition was designed to minimize gastrointestinal complications of non-selective inhibition. However, this exclusive COX-2 inhibition was associated with serious cardiovascular events, for causing an imbalance between prostacyclin and thromboxane production. The objective of this study is to discuss the mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular effects, pointing out the advantages and disadvantages of the selective or nonselective COX inhibitors.

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