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BACKGROUND & AIMS: Survivors of critical illness experience significant skeletal muscle wasting that may predict clinical outcome. Ultrasound (US) is a noninvasive method that can measure muscle quadriceps muscle layer thickness (QMLT) at the bedside. The aim of this study was to determine the muscle loss assessed by ultrasonography (US) of the quadriceps femoris muscle in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation and its relationship with hospital outcomes. METHODS: This study involved patients ≥18 years admitted to the intensive care unit who needed mechanical ventilation for at least 48 h. The quadriceps muscle layer thickness (QMLT) in the two-thirds of the thigh was quantified using bedside US. The QMLT of the left and right legs on the first (D1), third (D3), and seventh (D7) days were measured. RESULTS: US quadriceps thickness measurements were performed in 74 critically ill patients. The mean age was 62.3 ± 19.5 years, 54.1% of the patients were men, with a BMI of 25.5 ± 4.6 kg/m2, SAPS 3 of 55.2 ± 17.2, and NRS of 3.2 ± 1.0. The percentage muscle thickness declined at the right leg in 15% (95%CI, 10.5%-19.4%), and 12.7% (95%CI, 9.1%-16.3%) at the left leg from the first to the seventh day. Receiver operating characteristic showed cutoff value in muscle thickness of ≤1.64 cm on day 7 could predict survival (area under then curve = 0.7; 95% CI, 0.582-0.801). In Cox regression after adjusting, the probability of patients remaining on mechanical ventilation was higher with ≤1.64 cm loss of thigh muscle thickness on day 7; HR = 2.1 (95% CI 1.1-3.8, P = 0.017). The same occurred about ICU survival probability; HR = 3.7 (95% CI 1.2 to 11.5) and hospital survival probability; HR = 4.5 (95% CI 1.5 to 13.7). CONCLUSIONS: The measurement of QMLT using US showed that critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation presented with muscle wasting and greater loss of muscle thickness was associated with worse outcomes.

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RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a intra e interconfiabilidade, e a facilidade de medir a espessura muscular do quadríceps, usando ultrassom à beira do leito. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo, observacional. A avaliação da espessura muscular do quadríceps foi realizada em dois pontos de referência e quantificada com ultrassom portátil em modo B em dois voluntários saudáveis. Para padronização das medidas e validação das coletas das imagens, foi realizada capacitação da equipe por meio de treinamentos com aulas teóricas e práticas, com carga horária de 6 horas. Resultados: Foram examinadas 112 imagens pelo treinador e comparadas com os alunos. A correlação de Person encontrou excelente relação entre o treinador e todos os alunos (R2 > 0,90). A melhor associação foi entre o treinador e os nutricionistas (R2: 0,99; p < 0,001), e a pior, entre o treinador e alunos médicos (R2: 0,92; p < 0,001). Quanto à comparação de Bland-Altman, a maior porcentagem de erro encontrada entre treinador e alunos foi de 5,12% (IC95% 3,64 - 12,37) e a menor, 1,01% (IC95% 0,72 - 2,58); o maior viés dos valores descrito foi -0,12 ± 0,19, e o menor, -0,01 ± 0,04. Conclusão: Os dados analisados mostraram boa correlação entre as medidas feitas pelo instrutor e alunos, mostrando que o ultrassom de músculo quadríceps é uma ferramenta viável e de fácil aplicabilidade.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the intra- and inter-reliability and the ease of measuring the quadriceps muscle thickness using bedside ultrasound. Methods: This is a prospective, observational study. The assessment of quadriceps muscle thickness was performed at two reference points and was quantified using portable B-mode ultrasound in two healthy volunteers. For standardization of measurements and validation of image collections, the team was trained through theoretical and practical classes, with a 6-hour workload. Results: A total of 112 images were examined by the coach and compared with the trainees. Pearson's correlation analysis found an excellent relationship between the coach and all trainees (R2 > 0.90). The best association was between the coach and the dietitians (R2: 0.99; p < 0.001), and the worst association was between the coach and the medical trainees (R2: 0.92; p < 0.001). In the Bland-Altman comparison, the highest error rate found between coach and trainees was 5.12% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.64-12.37), and the lowest was 1.01% (95%CI 0.72 - 2.58); the highest bias of the values described was -0.12 ± 0.19, and the lowest was -0.01 ± 0.04. Conclusion: The data analyzed showed a good correlation between the measurements made by the coach and trainees, indicating that ultrasound of the quadriceps muscle is a viable and easily applicable tool.

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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the intra- and inter-reliability and the ease of measuring the quadriceps muscle thickness using bedside ultrasound. METHODS: This is a prospective, observational study. The assessment of quadriceps muscle thickness was performed at two reference points and was quantified using portable B-mode ultrasound in two healthy volunteers. For standardization of measurements and validation of image collections, the team was trained through theoretical and practical classes, with a 6-hour workload. RESULTS: A total of 112 images were examined by the coach and compared with the trainees. Pearson's correlation analysis found an excellent relationship between the coach and all trainees (R2 > 0.90). The best association was between the coach and the dietitians (R2: 0.99; p < 0.001), and the worst association was between the coach and the medical trainees (R2: 0.92; p < 0.001). In the Bland-Altman comparison, the highest error rate found between coach and trainees was 5.12% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.64-12.37), and the lowest was 1.01% (95%CI 0.72 - 2.58); the highest bias of the values described was -0.12 ± 0.19, and the lowest was -0.01 ± 0.04. CONCLUSION: The data analyzed showed a good correlation between the measurements made by the coach and trainees, indicating that ultrasound of the quadriceps muscle is a viable and easily applicable tool.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a intra e interconfiabilidade, e a facilidade de medir a espessura muscular do quadríceps, usando ultrassom à beira do leito. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo, observacional. A avaliação da espessura muscular do quadríceps foi realizada em dois pontos de referência e quantificada com ultrassom portátil em modo B em dois voluntários saudáveis. Para padronização das medidas e validação das coletas das imagens, foi realizada capacitação da equipe por meio de treinamentos com aulas teóricas e práticas, com carga horária de 6 horas. RESULTADOS: Foram examinadas 112 imagens pelo treinador e comparadas com os alunos. A correlação de Person encontrou excelente relação entre o treinador e todos os alunos (R2 > 0,90). A melhor associação foi entre o treinador e os nutricionistas (R2: 0,99; p < 0,001), e a pior, entre o treinador e alunos médicos (R2: 0,92; p < 0,001). Quanto à comparação de Bland-Altman, a maior porcentagem de erro encontrada entre treinador e alunos foi de 5,12% (IC95% 3,64 - 12,37) e a menor, 1,01% (IC95% 0,72 - 2,58); o maior viés dos valores descrito foi -0,12 ± 0,19, e o menor, -0,01 ± 0,04. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados analisados mostraram boa correlação entre as medidas feitas pelo instrutor e alunos, mostrando que o ultrassom de músculo quadríceps é uma ferramenta viável e de fácil aplicabilidade.

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