RESUMEN
Environmental chemicals originating from human activities, such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), may interfere with the endocrine system of aquatic organisms. The effect of these chemicals on biota and human populations is of high public concern but remains poorly understood, especially in aquatic environments of South America. The aim of this study was to investigate the bioavailability of POPs and the related effects in caged male tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in four cascading reservoirs of the Iguaçu River, Southern Brazil. POPs including organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were determined in the reservoir water and tissue samples of tilapia after two months of exposure. The PCB levels in water (14.7â¯ngâ¯L-1) were 14 times higher than the limits permitted by the Brazilian legislation in the Salto Santiago (SS) reservoir. Similarly, concentrations of aldrin and its metabolites (6.05â¯ngâ¯L-1) detected in the water sample of the Salto Osório (SO) reservoir were also above the permitted limits. RT-qPCR analysis revealed different transcript levels of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP1A and CYP3A) in the liver among the four groups, with induced activity in tilapia from the SS reservoir. Quantification of the CYP3A mRNA expression and catalytic activity showed higher values for fish caged at the SS reservoir. The fish from this site also had a higher number of eosinophils observed in the testes. Although overt measurements of endocrine disruption were not observed in caged fish, alteration of CYP enzymes with co-occurrence of organochlorine contaminants in water may suggest bioavailability of contaminants from agricultural sources to biota. Additional studies with feral or caged animals for a longer duration may be necessary to evaluate the risks of the waterways to humans and wildlife.
Asunto(s)
Citocromo P-450 CYP1A1/metabolismo , Citocromo P-450 CYP3A/metabolismo , Disruptores Endocrinos/farmacocinética , Hígado/metabolismo , Plaguicidas/farmacocinética , Tilapia/metabolismo , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/farmacocinética , Animales , Disponibilidad Biológica , Brasil , Disruptores Endocrinos/análisis , Peces , Éteres Difenilos Halogenados/análisis , Éteres Difenilos Halogenados/farmacocinética , Humanos , Hidrocarburos Clorados/análisis , Hidrocarburos Clorados/farmacocinética , Masculino , Plaguicidas/análisis , Bifenilos Policlorados/análisis , Bifenilos Policlorados/farmacocinética , Ríos/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisisRESUMEN
The guidelines for the Environmental Risk Assessment (ERA) of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP) recommend the use of standard ecotoxicity assays and the assessment of endpoints at the individual level to evaluate potential effects of PPCP on biota. However, effects at the sub-individual level can also affect the ecological fitness of marine organisms chronically exposed to PPCP. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the environmental risk of two PPCP in marine sediments: triclosan (TCS) and ibuprofen (IBU), using sub-individual and developmental endpoints. The environmental levels of TCS and IBU were quantified in marine sediments from the vicinities of the Santos submarine sewage outfall (Santos Bay, São Paulo, Brazil) at 15.14 and 49.0 ng g-1, respectively. A battery (n = 3) of chronic bioassays (embryo-larval development) with a sea urchin (Lytechinus variegatus) and a bivalve (Perna perna) were performed using two exposure conditions: sediment-water interface and elutriates. Moreover, physiological stress through the Neutral Red Retention Time Assay (NRRT) was assessed in the estuarine bivalve Mytella charruana exposed to TCS and IBU spiked sediments. These compounds affected the development of L. variegatus and P. perna (75 ng g-1 for TCS and 15 ng g-1 for IBU), and caused a significant decrease in M. charruana lysosomal membrane stability at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.08 ng g-1 for TCS and 0.15 ng g-1 for IBU). Chemical and ecotoxicological data were integrated and the risk quotient estimated for TCS and IBU were higher than 1.0, indicating a high environmental risk of these compounds in sediments. These are the first data of sediment risk assessment of pharmaceuticals and personal care products of Latin America. In addition, the results suggest that the ERA based only on individual-level and standard toxicity tests may overlook other biological effects that can affect the health of marine organisms exposed to PPCP.
Asunto(s)
Monitoreo del Ambiente , Sedimentos Geológicos/química , Ibuprofeno/análisis , Triclosán/análisis , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Animales , Organismos Acuáticos , Brasil , Ecotoxicología , Perna , Medición de Riesgo , Aguas del Alcantarillado , Pruebas de Toxicidad/métodosRESUMEN
RESUMO O uso de espécies vegetais para curar doenças e sintomas remonta ao início da civilização. Em várias culturas produtos botânicos eram empregados para essa finalidade. No Brasil, sob influência das interações culturais entre índios, negros e portugueses, essa relação homem-natureza permitiu a disseminação da sabedoria herdada em relação ao uso e cultivo de diversas espécies vegetais. O presente trabalho objetivou realizar um levantamento das plantas medicinais indicadas pelos índios da etnia Kantaruré, aldeia Baixa das Pedras com ação antiparasitária. Para a coleta de dados foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com quatorze pessoas, pertencentes a uma população de 150 indígenas, selecionadas pela técnica da bola de neve, reconhecidas pela comunidade como maiores detentores do conhecimento sobre a realidade local e sobre plantas. Os resultados indicam que doze espécies são utilizadas na medicina tradicional local com ação antiparasitária, podendo destacar a caçatinga (Croton argyrophylloides Muell. Arg.), mastruz (Chenopodium ambrosioides L.), hortelã miúdo (Mentha piperita L.) e babosa (Aloe vera (L.) Burm f.) como as mais indicadas. As plantas citadas pertencem à vegetação nativa, sendo que as espécies cultivadas são encontradas principalmente nos quintais, nas proximidades das residências e em locais de cultivo próprio. Os dados levantados nesta pesquisa evidenciam a importância terapêutica, cultural e histórica do uso de espécies botânicas na prevenção e cura de enfermidades. A aldeia estudada depende diretamente dos recursos vegetais para as suas práticas de cura. Os resultados dessa pesquisa podem servir como base para bioprospecção bem como para seleção de espécies da caatinga para estudos futuros visando o seu uso e manejo sustentável.
ABSTRACT The use of plant species to cure diseases and symptoms dates back to the dawn of civilization. In various cultures, botanical products were employed for this purpose. In Brazil, influenced by cultural interactions between native indians, Africans, and the Portuguese, this man-nature relationship allowed the spread of inherited knowledge regarding the use and cultivation of various species of plants. The purpose of this study was to carry out a survey of medicinal plants with antiparasitic action indicated by the Kantaruré indians from the Baixa das Pedras village. For data collection, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 people belonging to an indigenous population of 150, selected by the snowball technique, recognized by the community as the most knowledgeable on the local situation and plants. The results indicate that 12 species with antiparasitic action are used in traditional local medicine, with emphasis on the caçatinga (Croton argyrophylloides Muell. Arg.), mastruz (Chenopodium ambrosioides L.), peppermint (Mentha piperita L.), and babosa (Aloe vera (L.) Burm f.) as the most suitable. These plants belong to the native vegetation, and the cultivated species are found mainly in backyards, near homes, and on cultivation sites. The data from this study demonstrate the therapeutic, cultural, and historical importance of the use of botanical species to prevent and cure diseases. The village studied depends directly on plant resources for their healing practices. The results of this study can serve as a basis for bioprospecting as well as for the selection of caatinga species in future studies toward its use and sustainable management.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Plantas Medicinales/clasificación , Antiparasitarios/análisis , Etnobotánica/métodos , Medicina TradicionalRESUMEN
In this work we present a comprehensive study of the spectroscopic and thermo-optical properties of a set of samples with composition xNd(2)O(3)-(5-x)Y(2)O(3-)40CaO-55B(2)O(3) (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0 mol%). Their fluorescence quantum efficiency (η) values were determined using the thermal lens technique and the dependence on the ionic concentration was analyzed in terms of energy transfer processes, based on the Förster-Dexter model of multipolar ion-ion interactions. A maximum η = 0.54 was found to be substantially higher than for yttrium aluminoborate crystals and glasses with comparable Nd(3+) content. As for the thermo-optical properties of yttrium calcium borate, they are comparable to other well-known laser glasses. The obtained energy transfer microparameters and the weak dependence of η on the Nd(3+) concentration with a high optimum Nd(3+) concentration put this system as a strong candidate for photonics applications.
RESUMEN
This work examines the occurrence, duration and viability of diapause eggs of Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant, 1909) at different periods of the year. Adult insects were gathered twice a month in a greenhouse from September 2005 to May 2006 as well as in the same period in 2006-2007. The spittlebugs collected were taken to the laboratory, sexed and kept in cages containing one elephant grass plant potted in a 500 mL plastic cup with the upper part wrapped in gauze to serve as a substrate for egg laying. Around one hundred eggs obtained on each sample date were kept in climate-controlled chambers. The duration and viability of the eggs were analyzed daily. The viability was greater than 50% and 72%, respectively, in the evaluations for September 2005 to May 2006 and the same period of 2006-2007. The average embryonic period from September 2005 the first half of March 2006 varied from 15.79 to 28.24 days, except in the first half of January. In the other samples it varied from 94.80 to 139.04 days, with these being considered diapause. In the second study period (2006-2007), an embryonic period under 27 days was registered from September to the first half of November 2006 and again in January and February 2007. In the other evaluations the insects remained in the egg phase from 55.30 to 196.42 days. The largest number of diapause eggs occurred in the autumn, with 100% and 90% for the first and second evaluation periods, respectively.
O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a ocorrência, duração e viabilidade de ovos em diapausa de Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant, 1909) oriundos de diferentes épocas do ano. Adultos coletados, quinzenalmente, de setembro a maio em 2005/2006 e 2006/2007, em casa-de-vegetação, foram levados para o laboratório, sepa rados por sexo e mantidos em gaiolas contendo uma planta de capim-elefante em copo plástico de 500 mL, com a porção superior envolvida por uma secção de gaze que serviu de substrato para oviposição. Cerca de cem ovos obtidos em cada data foram mantidos em câmaras climatizadas. Diariamente foram analisadas a duração e viabilidade de ovos. A viabilidade dos ovos de M. spectabilis foi superior a 50 e 72% nas avaliações de setembro de 2005 a maio de 2006 e no mesmo período de 2006 a 2007, respectivamente. O período embrionário total médio de setembro de 2005 à primeira quinzena de março de 2006 variou de 15,79 a 28,24 dias, exceto na primeira quinzena de janeiro. Nas demais amostragens variou de 94,80 a 139,04 dias, sendo esses considerados em diapausa. No segundo ciclo de avaliação (2006/2007), um período embrionário inferior a 27 dias foi registrado de setembro até a primeira quinzena de novembro/2006 e em janeiro e fevereiro/2007. Nas demais avaliações os insetos permaneceram na fase de ovo de 55,30 a 196,42 dias. O maior número de ovos em diapausa ocorreu no outono, com 100% e 90 % para o primeiro e segundo ciclo de avaliação, respectivamente.
Asunto(s)
Pennisetum/parasitología , Huevos , Diapausa de Insecto/fisiología , Hemípteros/fisiologíaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT This work examines the occurrence, duration and viability of diapause eggs of Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant, 1909) at different periods of the year. Adult insects were gathered twice a month in a greenhouse from September 2005 to May 2006 as well as in the same period in 2006-2007. The spittlebugs collected were taken to the laboratory, sexed and kept in cages containing one elephant grass plant potted in a 500 mL plastic cup with the upper part wrapped in gauze to serve as a substrate for egg laying. Around one hundred eggs obtained on each sample date were kept in climate-controlled chambers. The duration and viability of the eggs were analyzed daily. The viability was greater than 50% and 72%, respectively, in the evaluations for September 2005 to May 2006 and the same period of 2006-2007. The average embryonic period from September 2005 the first half of March 2006 varied from 15.79 to 28.24 days, except in the first half of January. In the other samples it varied from 94.80 to 139.04 days, with these being considered diapause. In the second study period (2006-2007), an embryonic period under 27 days was registered from September to the first half of November 2006 and again in January and February 2007. In the other evaluations the insects remained in the egg phase from 55.30 to 196.42 days. The largest number of diapause eggs occurred in the autumn, with 100% and 90% for the first and second evaluation periods, respectively.
RESUMO DINÂMICA SAZONAL DE OVOS EM DIAPAUSA DE MAHANARVA SPECTABILIS (DISTANT, 1909) (HEMIPTERA: CERCOPIDAE) EM CAPIM-ELEFANTE. O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a ocorrência, duração e viabilidade de ovos em diapausa de Mahanarva spectabilis (Distant, 1909) oriundos de diferentes épocas do ano. Adultos coletados, quinzenalmente, de setembro a maio em 2005/2006 e 2006/2007, em casa-de-vegetação, foram levados para o laboratório, sepa rados por sexo e mantidos em gaiolas contendo uma planta de capim-elefante em copo plástico de 500 mL, com a porção superior envolvida por uma secção de gaze que serviu de substrato para oviposição. Cerca de cem ovos obtidos em cada data foram mantidos em câmaras climatizadas. Diariamente foram analisadas a duração e viabilidade de ovos. A viabilidade dos ovos de M. spectabilis foi superior a 50 e 72% nas avaliações de setembro de 2005 a maio de 2006 e no mesmo período de 2006 a 2007, respectivamente. O período embrionário total médio de setembro de 2005 à primeira quinzena de março de 2006 variou de 15,79 a 28,24 dias, exceto na primeira quinzena de janeiro. Nas demais amostragens variou de 94,80 a 139,04 dias, sendo esses considerados em diapausa. No segundo ciclo de avaliação (2006/2007), um período embrionário inferior a 27 dias foi registrado de setembro até a primeira quinzena de novembro/2006 e em janeiro e fevereiro/2007. Nas demais avaliações os insetos permaneceram na fase de ovo de 55,30 a 196,42 dias. O maior número de ovos em diapausa ocorreu no outono, com 100% e 90 % para o primeiro e segundo ciclo de avaliação, respectivamente.
RESUMEN
This study assessed the effect of the agonist 15d-PGJ(2) administered into the rat temporomandibular joint (TMJ) on nociceptive behavioral and the anti-inflammatory potential of this prostaglandin on TMJ. It was observed that 15-deoxy-(Delta12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)) significantly reduced formalin-induced nociceptive behavior in a dose dependent manner, however injection of 15d-PGJ(2) into the contralateral TMJ failed to reduce such effects. This antinociceptive effect is dependent on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-gamma (PPAR-gamma) since pre-treatment with GW9662 (PPAR-gamma receptor antagonist) blocked the antinociceptive effect of 15d-PGJ(2) in the TMJ. In addition, the antinociceptive effect of 15d-PGJ(2) was also blocked by naloxone suggesting the involvement of peripheral opioids in the process. Confirming this hypothesis pre-treatment with kappa, delta, but not mu receptor antagonists significantly reduced the antinociceptive effect of 15d-PGJ(2) in the TMJ. Similarly to opioid agonists, the 15d-PGJ(2) antinociceptive action depends on the nitric oxide (NO)/guanilate cyclase (cGMP)/ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker(K(+)(ATP)) channel pathway since it was prevented by the pre-treatment with the inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (NOS; aminoguanidine), cGMP (ODQ), or the K(+)(ATP) (glibenclamide). In addition, 15d-PGJ(2) (100 ng/TMJ) inhibits 5-HT-induced TMJ hypernociception. Besides, TMJ treated with 15d-PGJ(2) showed lower vascular permeability, assessed by Evan's Blue extravasation, and also lower neutrophil migration induced by carrageenan administration. Taken together, these results demonstrate that 15d-PGJ(2) has a potential peripheral antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect in the TMJ via PPAR-gamma activation. The results also suggest that 15d-PGJ(2) induced-peripheral antinociceptive response in the TMJ is mediated by kappa/delta opioid receptors by the activation of the intracellular l-arginine/NO/cGMP/K(+)(ATP) channel pathway. The pharmacological properties of the peripheral administration of 15d-PGJ(2) highlight the potential use of this PPAR-gamma agonist on TMJ inflammatory pain conditions.
Asunto(s)
Analgésicos/farmacología , Dolor/tratamiento farmacológico , Prostaglandina D2/análogos & derivados , Receptores Opioides delta/metabolismo , Receptores Opioides kappa/metabolismo , Articulación Temporomandibular/efectos de los fármacos , Analgésicos/administración & dosificación , Animales , GMP Cíclico/antagonistas & inhibidores , GMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Formaldehído , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/metabolismo , Canales KATP/antagonistas & inhibidores , Canales KATP/metabolismo , Masculino , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa/metabolismo , PPAR gamma/antagonistas & inhibidores , PPAR gamma/metabolismo , Dolor/inducido químicamente , Dolor/metabolismo , Prostaglandina D2/administración & dosificación , Prostaglandina D2/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Receptores Opioides delta/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptores Opioides kappa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptores Opioides mu/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptores Opioides mu/metabolismo , Serotonina/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Articulación Temporomandibular/metabolismoRESUMEN
Duodenal hematoma is a rare complication of endoscopic duodenal biopsy that occurs mainly in children or adults with impaired coagulation. The clinical presentation consists of signs of intestinal obstruction, and pancreatitis and direct hyperbilirubinemia are possible complications caused by ampullary obstruction. A case of a six-year-old girl who presented with a duodenal hematoma and acute pancreatitis after having an endoscopic duodenal biopsy is reported. A review of the literature and data from all similar cases reported so far are briefly presented and discussed.
Asunto(s)
Biopsia/efectos adversos , Duodeno/lesiones , Endoscopía/efectos adversos , Hematoma/etiología , Obstrucción Intestinal/etiología , Niño , Duodeno/diagnóstico por imagen , Duodeno/patología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Obstrucción Intestinal/terapia , Omeprazol/uso terapéutico , RadiografíaRESUMEN
AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of ultrasound during the removal of posts cemented with either zinc phosphate cement, glass ionomer cement or resin cement. METHODOLOGY: Eighty-four single-rooted teeth were prepared and after cementation of cast posts, they were randomly divided into six groups of 14. Group 1, 2 and 3 did not receive ultrasonic vibration, whilst groups 4, 5 and 6 received ultrasonic vibration for 10 min. The force necessary for post removal was determined using a universal testing machine. Results were statistically analysed using ANOVA and Tukey tests (5%). RESULTS: The application of ultrasonic vibration reduced the retention provided by zinc phosphate and glass ionomer cements by 39% and 33%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A statistically significant reduction in the force necessary to remove posts cemented with zinc phosphate and glass ionomer cements occurred following application of ultrasound. The application of ultrasonic vibration did not influence the retention of cast posts cemented with resin cement.
Asunto(s)
Cementos Dentales , Retención de Prótesis Dentales , Técnica de Perno Muñón , Ultrasonido , Análisis de Varianza , Cementación , Aleaciones Dentales , Revestimiento para Colado Dental , Cementos Dentales/química , Desconsolidación Dental , Análisis del Estrés Dental/instrumentación , Cementos de Ionómero Vítreo/química , Humanos , Cementos de Resina/química , Estadística como Asunto , Estrés Mecánico , Propiedades de Superficie , Factores de Tiempo , Vibración , Cemento de Fosfato de Zinc/químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Metastasis of renal cell carcinoma to the vagina is rare, although it may be the first evidence of the existence of the primary tumor. CASE: A metastatic deposit of renal cell carcinoma in the vagina was diagnosed by cytology as clear cell adenocarcinoma, which was confirmed by biopsy. Radiographic and ultrasound examinations confirmed the renal site of origin, which was corroborated by immunohistochemistry of the biopsy specimen. CONCLUSION: When a cytologic diagnosis of vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma is made, metastasis of renal cell carcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma de Células Claras/patología , Carcinoma de Células Renales/diagnóstico , Citodiagnóstico/métodos , Neoplasias Renales/patología , Neoplasias Vaginales/diagnóstico , Biopsia , Carcinoma de Células Renales/secundario , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Vaginales/secundarioRESUMEN
Tree felling around a chicken coop and periodic insecticide spraying at the Palmital farm in the county of Terra Boa in southern Brazil impacted the ecology of sand fly species. The most prevalent species (51.6%) before clearing the trees and insecticide spraying was Lutzomyia migonei (França, 1920), and it is now Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho, 1939) (89.8%). There was a highly significant difference between the proportions of L. whitmani reported by this paper (89.8%) and another publication before the tree felling and insecticide spraying (32,6%).
Asunto(s)
Ecología , Ambiente , Insectos Vectores , Psychodidae/fisiología , Animales , Conducta Animal , Brasil , Ecosistema , Insecticidas , Densidad de Población , Estaciones del AñoRESUMEN
The present study was undertaken after the detection of one case of cutaneous leishmaniasis with presumed infection in one of the three remaining wooded areas in the urban area of the city of Maringá, Southern Brazil; also in view of the lack of knowledge about sand flies and their behavior. From June to September, 1995, sand flies were caught with Falcão traps during the night in the remaining wooded areas (Parque do Ingá, Bosque Dois and Horto Florestal). A total of 2,907 sand flies were caught in Parque do Ingá; 1,723 of them were aught in forest traps and 1,184 in wild animal shelter traps at the zoo. The results show that Lutzomyia whitmani is better adapted to the three areas under study and that it frequently occurs in wild animal shelters within the urban perimeter of Maringá.
Asunto(s)
Insectos Vectores , Leishmaniasis Cutánea/epidemiología , Psychodidae , Animales , Animales de Zoológico/parasitología , Conducta Animal , Brasil/epidemiología , Humanos , Psychodidae/parasitología , ÁrbolesRESUMEN
The present study was undertaken after the detection of one case of cutaneous leishmaniasis with presumed infection in one of the three remaining wooded areas in the urban area of the city of Maringá, Southern Brazil; also in view of the lack of knowledge about sand flies and their behavior. From June to September, 1995, sand flies were caught with Falcão traps during the night in the remaining wooded areas (Parque do Ingá, Bosque Dois and Horto Florestal). A total of 2,907 sand flies were caught in Parque do Ingá; 1,723 of them were aught in forest traps and 1,184 in wild animal shelter traps at the zoo. The results show that Lutzomyia whitmani is better adapted to the three areas under study and that it frequently occurs in wild animal shelters within the urban perimeter of Maringá.
Um caso de leishmaniose tegumentar com provável infecção em uma das áreas de matas remanescentes no perímetro urbano de Maringá, Paraná, Brasil, o desconhecimento da fauna e do comportamento de flebotomíneos nestas matas despertaram o interesse desta investigação. Os flebotomíneos foram coletados com armadilhas de Falcão instaladas em matas remanescentes do Parque do Ingá, Bosque Dois e Horto Florestal, de junho a setembro de 1995, no período noturno. Nestas áreas coletaram-se 3.532 flebotomíneos, prevalecendo Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho, 1939) com 3.395 (96,1%) exemplares. No Parque do Ingá, onde as coletas também foram feitas em abrigos de animais silvestres, mantidos em zoológico, foram coletados 2.907 flebotomíneos, dos quais 1.723 nestes abrigos. Os resultados mostram melhor adaptação de Lutzomyia whitmani nas matas remanescentes no perímetro urbano de Maringá e sua freqüência nos abrigos dos animais silvestres mantidos em cativeiro.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Humanos , Insectos Vectores , Leishmaniasis Cutánea/epidemiología , Psychodidae , Animales de Zoológico/parasitología , Conducta Animal , Brasil/epidemiología , Psychodidae/parasitología , ÁrbolesRESUMEN
In São Paulo State, Brazil, five males, aged between 8 and 64 years, were attacked by 'Africanized' honey bees (Apis mellifera scutellata). The estimated number of stings received by each patient ranged from > 200 to > 1000. All five were transferred to intensive care units in São Paulo City. Clinical features included intravascular haemolysis, respiratory distress with ARDS, hepatic dysfunction, rhabdomyolysis (with myoglobinaemia and myoglobinuria), hypertension and myocardial damage (perhaps explained by release of endogenous catecholamines by venom phospholipase A2 and mellitin), shock, coma, acute renal failure and bleeding. Laboratory findings included gross neutrophil leucocytosis, elevated serum enzymes [AST, ALT, LDH, CPK (predominantly CPK-MM)] and creatinine. Clotting times were slightly prolonged. Despite treatment with antihistamines, corticosteroids, bronchodilators, vasodilators, bicarbonate, mannitol and mechanical ventilation, three of the patients died between 22 and 71 h after the attacks, with histopathological features of ARDS, hepatocellular necrosis, acute tubular necrosis, focal subendocardial necrosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Whole bee venom and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) antigen concentrations were measured in serum and urine for the first time, using enzyme immunoassay. High venom and PLA2 concentrations were detected in serum and urine for more than 50 h after the stings in two fatal cases, in one of which the total circulating unbound whole venom was estimated at 27 mg, one hour after the attack. An antivenom should be developed to treat the increasing numbers of victims of mass attacks by Africanized 'killer' bees in USA, Middle and South America.
Asunto(s)
Abejas , Mordeduras y Picaduras de Insectos/mortalidad , Adolescente , Adulto , Animales , Antígenos/sangre , Antígenos/orina , Venenos de Abeja/sangre , Venenos de Abeja/orina , Brasil/epidemiología , Niño , Resultado Fatal , Humanos , Mordeduras y Picaduras de Insectos/sangre , Mordeduras y Picaduras de Insectos/inmunología , Mordeduras y Picaduras de Insectos/patología , Mordeduras y Picaduras de Insectos/orina , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fosfolipasas A/inmunología , Fosfolipasas A2RESUMEN
Para avaliar os fatores litogenicos, estudamos retrospectivamente, com relacao a idade, ao sexo, a manifestacao clinicas e antecedentes, cinquenta criancas com nefrolitiase. Todas elas foram submetidas a protocolo prospectivo que constou dos seguintes exames: urina I, urocultura, urinas de 24 horas para dosagem de calcio, acido urico e creatinina, urografia excretora, uretrocistografia miccional, ultra-som renal e prova de sobrecarga oral de calcio. As criancas foram classificadas quanto ao disturbio metabolico conforme criteiros ja estabelecidos. Das cinquenta criancas estudadas apenas 7 (14//) nao apresentaram anormalidade metabolica. Encontramos hipercalciuria renal (HCaR) em 17 (34//); absorvida (HAInt) em 16 (32//); hiperuricosuria (HEAcUr) em 7 (14//) e infeccao dotrato urinario (ITU) em 4 (8//). Observamos um caso de cistinuria. Atraves deste estudo pudemos verificar a importancia da avaliacao metabolica para proposicao de terapeutica especifica para cada caso, principalmente se considerarmos que em 86// das criancas estudadas houve deteccao de alguma, alteracao metabolica
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Lactante , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Colelitiasis/metabolismo , Acidosis Tubular Renal , Cistinuria , Enfermedades de los Conductos Biliares , Infecciones por Klebsiella , Infecciones por Proteus , Infecciones por Pseudomonas , Ácido ÚricoRESUMEN
In order to determine metabolic disorders in children with urolithiasis, 50 patients with urinary calculi were studied. Abdominal pain and/or haematuria were the most predominant symptoms. Surgical procedures were required in 22% of these children and urinary tract infection was observed in 34% of this group. Only 2 children had anatomical malformations of the urinary tract. Absorptive hypercalciuria (32%), renal hypercalciuria (34%) and uric acid hyperexcretion (24%) were the most common metabolic abnormalities in these children. We were unable to find an underlying metabolic abnormality in only 14% of the patients. These data suggest that appropriate metabolic study will allow rational management of children with urinary stones.
Asunto(s)
Cálculos Urinarios/metabolismo , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Creatinina/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Hipercalcemia/metabolismo , Lactante , Masculino , Ácido Úrico/metabolismo , Cálculos Urinarios/etiología , Infecciones Urinarias/metabolismoRESUMEN
A comparison between two sampling methods of cervicovaginal material--cytobrush and Ayre's spatula--was performed to verify the endocervical cell concentration in a group of 163 asymptomatic women. Age ranged from 18 to 57 years, with an average of 30. Smears of both methods showed satisfactory cellularity for study. Cytobrush showed endocervical cells (columnar and/or metaplastic) in 100 cases (61.3%) and Ayre's spatula in 39 (20.2%). Cytobrush showed more efficient results in terms of endocervical cell concentration; according to literature, this can be an important factor in the sensitivity of the cytologic method to detect intraepithelial neoplasia.
Asunto(s)
Frotis Vaginal/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Cuello del Útero/citología , Femenino , Técnicas Histológicas , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Frotis Vaginal/instrumentaciónRESUMEN
Two methods of staining (Papanicolaou versus direct immunofluorescence) and two methods of collection of the samples (Ayre's wooden spatula versus cervical Cytobrush) were compared in order to verify the efficiency in detecting Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections in the female genital tract. Out of 166 asymptomatic patients, 59 were positive for CT by means of direct immunofluorescence: 36 were detected in Cytobrush samples, 16 in Ayre's spatula samples, and 7 in the samples collected by both methods. Papanicolaou smears showed "moth-eaten" features suggestive of CT infection in a great number of metaplastic cells present in 35 cases: 24 collected by Cytobrush, 4 by Ayre's spatula and 7 by both methods. Our data show that Cytobrush is more efficient that Ayre's spatula in concentrating cellular material. It is thus possible to detect CT infection with more accuracy by means of direct immunofluorescence, and to suspect CT infection in smears collected by means of Cytobrush and stained by Papanicolaou's method.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Chlamydia/diagnóstico , Chlamydia trachomatis/aislamiento & purificación , Prueba de Papanicolaou , Enfermedades del Cuello del Útero/microbiología , Frotis Vaginal/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Coloración y Etiquetado , Frotis Vaginal/instrumentaciónRESUMEN
Twenty-two women with uterine carcinoma with morphological alterations postradiation treatment suggestive of Chlamydia trachomatis infection were analyzed by direct immunofluorescence. The diagnosis was confirmed in 12 (54.4%) cases. Discussions of the presence of Chlamydia in irradiated cells were not found in the literature. This finding may signify a posttherapeutic morbidity or a preradiation infection.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/radioterapia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/radioterapia , Infecciones por Chlamydia/microbiología , Chlamydia trachomatis/aislamiento & purificación , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/radioterapia , Adenocarcinoma/microbiología , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/microbiología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Infecciones por Chlamydia/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/microbiología , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/patologíaRESUMEN
Some authors recently suggested the role of Chlamydia trachomatis as a potentiating agent of female genital tract neoplasias. Cervicovaginal smears of women with uterine carcinoma treated with radiotherapy are analyzed in the present work. A series of such smears showed morphological changes suggestive of Chlamydia infection with the Papanicolaou stain. Confirmation of the presence of such agent was done using an avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. A higher prevalence of Chlamydia in the group of patients with carcinoma of the uterus treated with irradiation than in the population without ionizing treatment was verified. The presence of cells with radiotherapic changes infected by Chlamydia is a new finding in cytology.