RESUMEN
The aim of this work was to increase the aerial part, biometry, and yield of achenes from sunflower plants on the effect of increasing doses of blood residue, as an alternative source of phosphorus (P), in a clayey-textured red Oxisol. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with six treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of five doses of blood residue (0, 6, 12, 24 and 48m3 ha-1) and a control treatment that received phosphate chemical fertilization, 80kg ha-1 of P2O5. The increasing doses of blood residue and chemical fertilization do not show disproportionality for P concentration in soil, leaf, plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), chapter diameter (CD) and achene production. The analysis of the principal component (PC) revealed that the first PC presents the greatest accumulated variation (74%). Based on the first PC, the dose of 12m-3 ha-1 has greater influence for PH, SC, and CD. Due to the greater influence on the biometric characteristics of sunflower plants, the blood residue (12m-3 ha-1 = 98.4kg P ha-1), can be used as an alternative source of phosphorus for the cultivation of sunflower in clayey oxisols.
Objetivou-se com este trabalho verificar biometria de parte aérea, rendimento de aquênios de plantas de girassol sobre o efeito de doses crescentes de resíduo de sangue, como fonte alternativa de fósforo (P), em um Latossolo vermelho de textura argilosa. O delineamento experimento utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por cinco doses de resíduo de sangue (0, 6, 12, 24 e 48m3 ha-1) e um tratamento que recebeu a adubação fosfatada química, 80kg ha-1 de P2O5. As doses crescentes de resíduo de sangue e adubação química não demostram desproporcionalidade para a concentração de P no solo, folha, altura de planta (AP), diâmetro de caule (DC), diâmetro de capítulo (DCP) e produção de aquênios. A análise de componentes (CP) principais revelou que o primeiro CP apresenta maior variação acumulada (74%). Baseado no primeiro CP, a dose de 12 m-3 ha-1exibe maior influência para AP, DC e DCP. Devido a maior influência sobre as características biométricas em plantas de girassol, o resíduo de sangue (12m-3 ha-1 = 98,4kg P ha-1), pode ser utilizado como fonte alternativa de fósforo para o cultivo de girassol em Latossolos de textura argilosa.
Asunto(s)
Sangre , Análisis del Suelo , Fertilizantes , Helianthus , FósforoRESUMEN
The objective of this work was to evaluate the productivity and extraction of macronutrients by Urochloa brizantha cv. BRS Paiaguás (Syn. Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Paiaguás) single and intercropped with pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan cv. BRS Mandarim), subjected to four doses of nitrogen applied in topdressing (0, 80, 160 and 240 kg ha¨¹). The experiment was carried out in São Luís de Montes Belos, GO, in soil classified as dystrophic red latosol, under Cerrado conditions. Plant height and dry mass of pigeon pea, plant height, number of tillers, dry mass, and macronutrient extraction by Paiaguás palisadegrass were evaluated. Higher mass production was observed in the pasture intercropped with the legume, requiring a lower amount of N. Based on the results exposed, the cultivation of Paiaguás palisadegrass reaches higher productivity when intercropped with a legume such as pigeon pea, in addition to providing greater efficiency in the use of nutrients such as N, P and K. Nitrogen fertilization has a negative influence on the production of dry mass and height of pigeon pea plants.
Objetivou-se, com o trabalho, avaliar a produtividade e a extração de macronutrientes pelo capim-solteiro e consorciado com feijão-guandu, submetidos a quatro doses de nitrogênio aplicadas em cobertura (0, 80, 160 e 240kg ha). O experimento foi conduzido em São Luís de Montes Belos, GO, em solo classificado como Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico, sob condições de Cerrado. Foram avaliados a altura de plantas e massa seca do guandu, a altura de plantas, os números de perfilhos, a massa seca e a extração de macronutrientes pelo capim-paiaguás. Foi observada maior produção de massa na pastagem consorciada com a leguminosa, demandando menor quantidade de N. Com base nos resultados expostos, o cultivo de capim-paiaguás atinge maiores produtividades quando consorciado com uma leguminosa, como o feijão-guandu, além de proporcionar maior eficiência no uso de nutrientes, como N, Pe K. A adubação nitrogenada tem influência negativa sobre a produção de massa seca e a altura das plantas de feijão-guandu.
Asunto(s)
Brachiaria/crecimiento & desarrollo , Brachiaria/química , Bacterias Fijadoras de Nitrógeno , Nitrógeno/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Abstract The sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most important crops in Brazilian farming. Many insect are related to this crop, compromising the quantity and quality of the fruit, representing a production problem. Vegetable diversification is one of the main elements that can be managed for suppressing undesirable insect populations in organic production, once that supports the presence of natural enemies. The basil Ocimum basilicum L. and the marigold Tagetes erecta L. are attractive and nutritious plants for parasitoids, being important candidates for diversified crops. This study evaluated the parasitoids attracted by the association of basil and marigold to organic sweet pepper crop. The experiment comprised three treatments: a) sweet pepper monoculture; b) sweet pepper and basil intercropping; c) sweet pepper and marigold intercropping. Hymenopteran parasitoids were collected over 14 weeks. 268 individuals from 12 families and 41 taxa were collected. Sweet pepper monoculture, sweet pepper-basil intercropping, and sweet pepper-marigold intercropping hosted 40, 98, and 130 individuals and richness of 24, 24, and 23, respectively. Furthermore, the insects of greater abundance in the basil and marigold were different to those collected in the monoculture. The number of parasitoids increased in the associations of sweet pepper with basil and marigold, providing advantages in the use of vegetable diversification for the organic pepper crops management.
Resumo O pimentão (Capsicum annuum L.) é um dos vegetais mais importantes dentre os cultivados no Brasil. Muitos insetos pragas estão relacionados a esta cultura, comprometendo a quantidade e a qualidade do pimentão, tornando-se um grande problema para a produção. A diversificação vegetal é um dos principais componentes a serem manejados para suprimir as populações de pragas na produção orgânica, devido ao apoio a inimigos naturais das pragas. O manjericão ( Ocimum basilicum L.) e cravo amarelo (Tagetes erecta L.) são plantas atrativas e nutritivas para parasitoides, importantes candidatas em cultivos diversificados. Este trabalho avaliou os parasitoides atraídos pela associação de manjericão e cravo amarelo em cultivo de pimentão orgânico. O experimento foi composto por três tratamentos: a) monocultura de pimentão; B) pimentão consorciado com manjericão; C) pimentão consorciado com cravo amarelo. Foram coletadas amostras de parasitoides himenópteros durante 14 semanas. Os espécimes foram identificados até o menor nível de taxonomia possível. Foram coletados 268 indivíduos ao longo de 12 famílias e 41 táxons. Os tratamentos de monocultura, pimentão consorciado com manjericão e pimentão consorciado com cravo amarelo resultaram em 40, 98 e 130 indivíduos e riqueza de espécies de 24, 24 e 23, respectivamente. Além disso, os insetos de maior abundância coletados no manjericão e cravo amarelo, foram diferentes daqueles coletados na monocultura. Houve um aumento na abundância de parasitoides nas associações de pimentão com manjericão e cravo amarelo, proporcionando vantagens no uso da diversificação vegetal, podendo ser usada no manejo do pimentão orgânico.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Avispas/fisiología , Capsicum/crecimiento & desarrollo , Ocimum basilicum/crecimiento & desarrollo , Tagetes/crecimiento & desarrollo , Biodiversidad , Brasil , Interacciones Huésped-ParásitosRESUMEN
The sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most important crops in Brazilian farming. Many insect are related to this crop, compromising the quantity and quality of the fruit, representing a production problem. Vegetable diversification is one of the main elements that can be managed for suppressing undesirable insect populations in organic production, once that supports the presence of natural enemies. The basil Ocimum basilicum L. and the marigold Tagetes erecta L. are attractive and nutritious plants for parasitoids, being important candidates for diversified crops. This study evaluated the parasitoids attracted by the association of basil and marigold to organic sweet pepper crop. The experiment comprised three treatments: a) sweet pepper monoculture; b) sweet pepper and basil intercropping; c) sweet pepper and marigold intercropping. Hymenopteran parasitoids were collected over 14 weeks. 268 individuals from 12 families and 41 taxa were collected. Sweet pepper monoculture, sweet pepper-basil intercropping, and sweet pepper-marigold intercropping hosted 40, 98, and 130 individuals and richness of 24, 24, and 23, respectively. Furthermore, the insects of greater abundance in the basil and marigold were different to those collected in the monoculture. The number of parasitoids increased in the associations of sweet pepper with basil and marigold, providing advantages in the use of vegetable diversification for the organic pepper crops management.
Asunto(s)
Biodiversidad , Capsicum/crecimiento & desarrollo , Ocimum basilicum/crecimiento & desarrollo , Tagetes/crecimiento & desarrollo , Avispas/fisiología , Animales , Brasil , Interacciones Huésped-ParásitosRESUMEN
The sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most important crops in Brazilian farming. Many insect are related to this crop, compromising the quantity and quality of the fruit, representing a production problem. Vegetable diversification is one of the main elements that can be managed for suppressing undesirable insect populations in organic production, once that supports the presence of natural enemies. The basil Ocimum basilicum L. and the marigold Tagetes erecta L. are attractive and nutritious plants for parasitoids, being important candidates for diversified crops. This study evaluated the parasitoids attracted by the association of basil and marigold to organic sweet pepper crop. The experiment comprised three treatments: a) sweet pepper monoculture; b) sweet pepper and basil intercropping; c) sweet pepper and marigold intercropping. Hymenopteran parasitoids were collected over 14 weeks. 268 individuals from 12 families and 41 taxa were collected. Sweet pepper monoculture, sweet pepper-basil intercropping, and sweet pepper-marigold intercropping hosted 40, 98, and 130 individuals and richness of 24, 24, and 23, respectively. Furthermore, the insects of greater abundance in the basil and marigold were different to those collected in the monoculture. The number of parasitoids increased in the associations of sweet pepper with basil and marigold, providing advantages in the use of vegetable diversification for the organic pepper crops management.(AU)
O pimentão (Capsicum annuum L.) é um dos vegetais mais importantes dentre os cultivados no Brasil. Muitos insetos pragas estão relacionados a esta cultura, comprometendo a quantidade e a qualidade do pimentão, tornando-se um grande problema para a produção. A diversificação vegetal é um dos principais componentes a serem manejados para suprimir as populações de pragas na produção orgânica, devido ao apoio a inimigos naturais das pragas. O manjericão ( Ocimum basilicum L.) e cravo amarelo (Tagetes erecta L.) são plantas atrativas e nutritivas para parasitoides, importantes candidatas em cultivos diversificados. Este trabalho avaliou os parasitoides atraídos pela associação de manjericão e cravo amarelo em cultivo de pimentão orgânico. O experimento foi composto por três tratamentos: a) monocultura de pimentão; B) pimentão consorciado com manjericão; C) pimentão consorciado com cravo amarelo. Foram coletadas amostras de parasitoides himenópteros durante 14 semanas. Os espécimes foram identificados até o menor nível de taxonomia possível. Foram coletados 268 indivíduos ao longo de 12 famílias e 41 táxons. Os tratamentos de monocultura, pimentão consorciado com manjericão e pimentão consorciado com cravo amarelo resultaram em 40, 98 e 130 indivíduos e riqueza de espécies de 24, 24 e 23, respectivamente. Além disso, os insetos de maior abundância coletados no manjericão e cravo amarelo, foram diferentes daqueles coletados na monocultura. Houve um aumento na abundância de parasitoides nas associações de pimentão com manjericão e cravo amarelo, proporcionando vantagens no uso da diversificação vegetal, podendo ser usada no manejo do pimentão orgânico.(AU)
RESUMEN
Phylogenetic niche conservatism (PNC) shapes the distribution of organisms by constraining lineages to parti-cular climatic conditions. Conversely, if areas with similar climates are geographically isolated, diversificationmay also be limited by dispersal. Neotropical xeric habitats provide an ideal system to test the relative roles ofclimate and geography on diversification, as they occur in disjunct areas with similar biotas. Sicariinae sandspiders are intimately associated with these xeric environments, particularly seasonally dry tropical forests(SDTFs) and subtropical deserts/scrublands in Africa (Hexophthalma) and the Neotropics (Sicarius). We explorethe role of PNC, geography and biome shifts in their evolution and timing of diversification. We estimated atime-calibrated, total-evidence phylogeny of Sicariinae, and used published distribution records to estimateclimatic niche and biome occupancy. Topologies were used for estimating ancestral niches and biome shifts. Weused variation partitioning methods to test the relative importance of climate and spatially autocorrelatedfactors in explaining the spatial variation in phylogenetic structure ofSicariusacross the Neotropics. NeotropicalSicariusare ancient and split from their African sister-group around 90 (57–131) million years ago. Most spe-ciation events took place in the Miocene. Sicariinae records can be separated in two groups corresponding totemperate/dry and tropical/seasonally dry climates. The ancestral climatic niche of Sicariinae are temperate/dryareas, with 2–3 shifts to tropical/seasonally dry areas inSicarius. Similarly, ancestral biomes occupied by thegroup are temperate and dry (deserts, Mediterranean scrub, temperate grasslands), with 2–3 shifts to tropical,seasonally dry forests and grasslands. Most of the variation in phylogenetic structure is explained by long-distance dispersal limitation that is independent of the measured climatic conditions. Sicariinae have an ancientassociation to arid lands, suggesting that PNC prevented them from colonizing mesic habitats. However, nichesare labile at a smaller scale, with several shifts from deserts to SDTFs. This suggests that PNC and long-distancedispersal limitation played major roles in confining lineages to isolated areas of SDTF/desert over evolutionaryhistory, although shifts between xeric biomes occurred whenever geographical opportunities were presented
RESUMEN
Abstract The sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most important crops in Brazilian farming. Many insect are related to this crop, compromising the quantity and quality of the fruit, representing a production problem. Vegetable diversification is one of the main elements that can be managed for suppressing undesirable insect populations in organic production, once that supports the presence of natural enemies. The basil Ocimum basilicum L. and the marigold Tagetes erecta L. are attractive and nutritious plants for parasitoids, being important candidates for diversified crops. This study evaluated the parasitoids attracted by the association of basil and marigold to organic sweet pepper crop. The experiment comprised three treatments: a) sweet pepper monoculture; b) sweet pepper and basil intercropping; c) sweet pepper and marigold intercropping. Hymenopteran parasitoids were collected over 14 weeks. 268 individuals from 12 families and 41 taxa were collected. Sweet pepper monoculture, sweet pepper-basil intercropping, and sweet pepper-marigold intercropping hosted 40, 98, and 130 individuals and richness of 24, 24, and 23, respectively. Furthermore, the insects of greater abundance in the basil and marigold were different to those collected in the monoculture. The number of parasitoids increased in the associations of sweet pepper with basil and marigold, providing advantages in the use of vegetable diversification for the organic pepper crops management.
Resumo O pimentão (Capsicum annuum L.) é um dos vegetais mais importantes dentre os cultivados no Brasil. Muitos insetos pragas estão relacionados a esta cultura, comprometendo a quantidade e a qualidade do pimentão, tornando-se um grande problema para a produção. A diversificação vegetal é um dos principais componentes a serem manejados para suprimir as populações de pragas na produção orgânica, devido ao apoio a inimigos naturais das pragas. O manjericão ( Ocimum basilicum L.) e cravo amarelo (Tagetes erecta L.) são plantas atrativas e nutritivas para parasitoides, importantes candidatas em cultivos diversificados. Este trabalho avaliou os parasitoides atraídos pela associação de manjericão e cravo amarelo em cultivo de pimentão orgânico. O experimento foi composto por três tratamentos: a) monocultura de pimentão; B) pimentão consorciado com manjericão; C) pimentão consorciado com cravo amarelo. Foram coletadas amostras de parasitoides himenópteros durante 14 semanas. Os espécimes foram identificados até o menor nível de taxonomia possível. Foram coletados 268 indivíduos ao longo de 12 famílias e 41 táxons. Os tratamentos de monocultura, pimentão consorciado com manjericão e pimentão consorciado com cravo amarelo resultaram em 40, 98 e 130 indivíduos e riqueza de espécies de 24, 24 e 23, respectivamente. Além disso, os insetos de maior abundância coletados no manjericão e cravo amarelo, foram diferentes daqueles coletados na monocultura. Houve um aumento na abundância de parasitoides nas associações de pimentão com manjericão e cravo amarelo, proporcionando vantagens no uso da diversificação vegetal, podendo ser usada no manejo do pimentão orgânico.
RESUMEN
Abstract The sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most important crops in Brazilian farming. Many insect are related to this crop, compromising the quantity and quality of the fruit, representing a production problem. Vegetable diversification is one of the main elements that can be managed for suppressing undesirable insect populations in organic production, once that supports the presence of natural enemies. The basil Ocimum basilicum L. and the marigold Tagetes erecta L. are attractive and nutritious plants for parasitoids, being important candidates for diversified crops. This study evaluated the parasitoids attracted by the association of basil and marigold to organic sweet pepper crop. The experiment comprised three treatments: a) sweet pepper monoculture; b) sweet pepper and basil intercropping; c) sweet pepper and marigold intercropping. Hymenopteran parasitoids were collected over 14 weeks. 268 individuals from 12 families and 41 taxa were collected. Sweet pepper monoculture, sweet pepper-basil intercropping, and sweet pepper-marigold intercropping hosted 40, 98, and 130 individuals and richness of 24, 24, and 23, respectively. Furthermore, the insects of greater abundance in the basil and marigold were different to those collected in the monoculture. The number of parasitoids increased in the associations of sweet pepper with basil and marigold, providing advantages in the use of vegetable diversification for the organic pepper crops management.
Resumo O pimentão (Capsicum annuum L.) é um dos vegetais mais importantes dentre os cultivados no Brasil. Muitos insetos pragas estão relacionados a esta cultura, comprometendo a quantidade e a qualidade do pimentão, tornando-se um grande problema para a produção. A diversificação vegetal é um dos principais componentes a serem manejados para suprimir as populações de pragas na produção orgânica, devido ao apoio a inimigos naturais das pragas. O manjericão ( Ocimum basilicum L.) e cravo amarelo (Tagetes erecta L.) são plantas atrativas e nutritivas para parasitoides, importantes candidatas em cultivos diversificados. Este trabalho avaliou os parasitoides atraídos pela associação de manjericão e cravo amarelo em cultivo de pimentão orgânico. O experimento foi composto por três tratamentos: a) monocultura de pimentão; B) pimentão consorciado com manjericão; C) pimentão consorciado com cravo amarelo. Foram coletadas amostras de parasitoides himenópteros durante 14 semanas. Os espécimes foram identificados até o menor nível de taxonomia possível. Foram coletados 268 indivíduos ao longo de 12 famílias e 41 táxons. Os tratamentos de monocultura, pimentão consorciado com manjericão e pimentão consorciado com cravo amarelo resultaram em 40, 98 e 130 indivíduos e riqueza de espécies de 24, 24 e 23, respectivamente. Além disso, os insetos de maior abundância coletados no manjericão e cravo amarelo, foram diferentes daqueles coletados na monocultura. Houve um aumento na abundância de parasitoides nas associações de pimentão com manjericão e cravo amarelo, proporcionando vantagens no uso da diversificação vegetal, podendo ser usada no manejo do pimentão orgânico.
RESUMEN
Resumo O Estado do Paraná destaca-se pela tradição no cultivo de plantas medicinais. O aumento em sua demanda através da busca de culturas alternativas e rentáveis e o estímulo a uma agricultura ecologicamente sustentável fomentou os agricultores a diversificarem a produção. A pesquisa de campo nos diferentes elos da cadeia produtiva do guaco permitiu construir seu fluxograma, caracterizar o sistema e fluxo de produção, os seus custos e receitas para analisar as Margens e Markups de comercialização. Os sistemas de coleta com enriquecimento e de cultivo apresentaram resultados diferenciados em relação ao seu custo de produção, onde o produtor/coletor alcança uma rentabilidade de 48,9 %, menor margem de comercialização entre todos os elos da cadeia, enquanto o produtor que cultiva o guaco como exploração obtém uma margem de comercialização de 346,4 %. As maiores margens de comercialização (1.733,3 %) estão nos elos fora da porteira das propriedades, percentual entre diferença de preço pago pelo consumidor e o preço recebido pelo produtor/coletor. Os produtores/coletores podem agregar mais renda em vários elos da cadeia produtiva através da organização dos produtores e a melhoria no processo produtivo, possibilitando a melhoria econômica e social nas propriedades familiares, reduzindo o impacto ambiental e garantindo a sustentabilidade dos sistemas de produção.
Abstract The State of Parana stands out for its tradition in the medicinal plants cultivation. The increase of the demand due to the search of alternative and profitable crops and the impulse to an environmentally sustainable agriculture encouraged farmers to diversify production. The field research about the different links of the guaco supply chain allowed the construction of its flowchart, the characterization of the production system and flow, as well as the knowledge of its costs and revenues in order to analyze the commercialization margins and markups. The collection systems with enrichment and the cultivation ones presented different results in relation to its production cost, with the producer/collector reaching a yield of 48.9%, the lowest commercialization margin among all links of the chain, while the farmer who cultivates guaco gets a commercialization margin of 346.4%. The largest commercialization margins (1,733.3%) are in the links outside the properties" gates, as the percentage difference between the price paid by the consumer and the one received by the producer/collector. Producers/collectors can add more income in several links of the supply chain through the producers" organization and by improvements in the production process, enabling the economic and social enhancement at the family farms, thus reducing the environmental impact and ensuring the sustainability of production systems.
Asunto(s)
Comercio/estadística & datos numéricos , Productos Agrícolas/clasificación , Mikania/clasificación , Plantas Medicinales/clasificaciónRESUMEN
The mitogenic lectins are invaluable tools to study the biochemical changes associated with lymphocyte activation and proliferation of various immune cells. Rachycentron canadum lectin (RcaL) was detected and purified from serum of cobia fish. The aim of this study was to evaluate the proliferative response and cytokine production in splenocytes of mice in vitro stimulated with RcaL lectin; Canavalia ensiformis lectin (Con A) was used as positive control. A high proliferation index was induced by RcaL in relation to control cells. Furthermore, RcaL induced higher IL-2 and IL-6 production in relation to control. The cell viability was 90% in splenocytes treated with RcaL lectin, but RcaL promoted significant late apoptosis after 24 and 48 h in relation to control. RcaL induced proliferative responses suggesting that this lectin can be used as a mitogenic agent in immunostimulatory assays.
Asunto(s)
Lectinas/farmacología , Mitógenos/farmacología , Bazo/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Inmunización , Técnicas Inmunológicas , Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Lectinas/sangre , Lectinas/aislamiento & purificación , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Perciformes/sangre , Lectinas de Plantas/farmacología , Bazo/inmunologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Different enhanced peroxide formulations have been developed to overcome mineral loss during tooth whitening. This study investigated the impact on tooth whitening from combining a CPP-ACP paste with home peroxide agents at several proportions. METHODS: Ninety bovine incisors were randomly allocated into nine groups (n = 10) and exposed to 7.5% hydrogen peroxide (HP), 16% carbamide peroxide (CP), a CPP-ACP paste (Tooth Mousse/MI Paste, GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) and blends of HP/CP:MI at three proportions (1:1, 2:1 and 1:2). Tooth whitening was performed for 14 days and its effectiveness was measured by a spectrophotometer utilizing the CIE L*a*b* system (ΔE, ΔL*, Δa* and Δb*). Colour readings were measured at baseline (T0), 7 days of bleaching (T7), 14 days of bleaching (T14) and 7 days after the end of bleaching (T21). Data were analysed by two-way ANOVA for paired averages followed by the Tukey's test and Pearson's correlation at 5%. RESULTS: Although CP produced the greatest colour change (ΔE), all whitening protocols were considered to be effective regardless of the CPP-ACP presence. In general, greater changes in ΔE, ΔL*, Δa* and Δb* were detected at T14, with T21 exhibiting similar results to those at T7. A greater number of strong correlations with ΔE values was found for a* (11/15). CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, the results indicate that the CPP-ACP paste did not affect tooth whitening efficacy.
Asunto(s)
Caseínas/farmacología , Blanqueadores Dentales/administración & dosificación , Blanqueamiento de Dientes/métodos , Animales , Peróxido de Carbamida , Bovinos , Colorimetría , Dentina/efectos de los fármacos , Antagonismo de Drogas , Combinación de Medicamentos , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/administración & dosificación , Peróxidos/administración & dosificación , Espectrofotometría , Urea/administración & dosificación , Urea/análogos & derivadosRESUMEN
This study was designed to evaluate in vitro the efficacy of a novel at-home bleaching technique using 10% or 16% carbamide peroxide modified by casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and its influence on the microhardness of bleached enamel. A total of 40 bovine incisors were divided into four groups (n=10) according to the bleaching agent used: 10% carbamide peroxide only; a blend of 10% carbamide peroxide and a CPP-ACP paste; 16% carbamide peroxide only; and a blend of 16% carbamide peroxide and a CPP-ACP paste. During the 14-day bleaching regimen, the samples were stored in artificial saliva. The Vickers microhardness and color of the teeth were assessed at baseline (T0) and immediately after the bleaching regimen (T14) using a microhardness tester and a spectrophotometer, respectively. The degree of color change was determined by the Commission Internationale de l'Eclariage (CIE) L*a*b* system (ΔE, ΔL*, Δa*, and Δb*) and Vita shade guide parameters. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance and the Tukey test (p<0.05). The teeth that were bleached with a blend of peroxide (10% or 16%) and the CPP-ACP paste presented increased microhardness values at T14 compared with T0, whereas the samples that were bleached with peroxide only did not show any differences in their microhardness values. All of the bleaching agents were effective at whitening the teeth and did not show a statistically significant difference using the CIEL*a*b* system (ΔE, ΔL*, Δa*, and Δb*) or the Vita shade guide parameters. The use of a CPP-ACP paste with carbamide peroxide bleaching agents increased the bleached enamel's microhardness and did not have an influence on whitening efficacy.
Asunto(s)
Cariostáticos/uso terapéutico , Caseínas/uso terapéutico , Esmalte Dental/efectos de los fármacos , Peróxidos/uso terapéutico , Blanqueadores Dentales/uso terapéutico , Blanqueamiento de Dientes/métodos , Urea/análogos & derivados , Óxido de Aluminio/química , Animales , Peróxido de Carbamida , Cariostáticos/administración & dosificación , Caseínas/administración & dosificación , Bovinos , Color , Esmalte Dental/patología , Grabado Dental/métodos , Dureza , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Ensayo de Materiales , Peróxidos/administración & dosificación , Distribución Aleatoria , Saliva Artificial/química , Espectrofotometría , Té , Temperatura , Factores de Tiempo , Blanqueadores Dentales/administración & dosificación , Decoloración de Dientes/tratamiento farmacológico , Decoloración de Dientes/patología , Urea/administración & dosificación , Urea/uso terapéutico , VinoRESUMEN
Phosphogypsum, a waste by-product derived from the wet process production of phosphoric acid, represents a serious problem facing the phosphate industry in Brazil. This by-product (mainly calcium sulphate dihydrate) precipitates during the reaction of sulphuric acid with phosphate rock and is stored at a rate of about 4x10(6) kg per day on several piles in Cubatão, Brazil. Contents of natural radionuclides from thorium and uranium series were measured in Brazilian phosphogypsum samples from disposal piles, using high-resolution gamma ray spectrometry and instrumental neutron activation analysis (NAA). These phosphogypsum piles present a potential threat to the surrounding environment and to the individual occupationally exposed. The results obtained in this study show that radionuclides, although present in relatively high concentrations in phosphogypsum, do not imply in significant doses for individuals occupationally exposed. The results obtained for the water activity in the monitor wells showed that the run-off of the piles is influenced by the activity present in the piles, giving indication of a possible groundwater contamination. Sediments from rivers in the area of influence of the pile presented higher concentrations of 238U and 232Th when compared with reference values.
Asunto(s)
Sulfato de Calcio/análisis , Ambiente , Exposición Profesional , Fósforo/análisis , Brasil , Fosfatos/análisis , Radioisótopos/análisis , Espectrometría gamma , Torio/análisis , Uranio/análisisRESUMEN
Phosphogypsum is a waste produced by the phosphate fertilizer industry. Although phosphogypsum is mainly calcium sulphate dihydrate, it contains elevated levels of impurities, which originate from the source phosphate rock used in the phosphoric acid production. Among these impurities, radionuclides from 238U and 232Th decay series are of most concern due to their radiotoxicity. Other elements, such as rare earth elements (REE) and Ba are also enriched in the phosphogypsum. The bioavailability of radionuclides (226Ra, 210Pb and 232Th), rare earth elements and Ba to the surrounding aquatic system was evaluated by the application of sequential leaching of the phosphogypsum samples from the Brazilian phosphoric acid producers. The sequential extraction results show that most of the radium and lead are located in the "iron oxide" (non-CaSO4) fraction, and that only 13-18% of these radionuclides are distributed in the most labile fraction. Th, REE and Ba were found predominantly in the residual phase, which corresponds to a small fraction of the phosphate rock or monazite that did not react and to insoluble compounds such as sulphates, phosphates and silicates. It can be concluded that although all these elements are enriched in the phosphogypsum samples they are not associated with CaSO4 itself and therefore do not represent a threat to the surrounding aquatic environment.
Asunto(s)
Sulfato de Calcio/análisis , Residuos Industriales/análisis , Ácidos Fosfóricos/química , Fósforo/análisis , Contaminantes Radiactivos/análisis , Radioisótopos/análisis , Oligoelementos/análisis , Bario/análisis , Brasil , Sulfato de Calcio/química , Fertilizantes , Plomo/análisis , Metales de Tierras Raras/análisis , Fosfatos/análisis , Fósforo/química , Radioisótopos/química , Radio (Elemento)/análisis , Silicatos/análisis , Solubilidad , Oligoelementos/químicaRESUMEN
Five dogs from the municipalities of Santa Maria, Itaara and Júlio de Castilhos, in the centre of the Brazilian State of Rio Grande do Sul, were diagnosed as positive for visceral leishmaniasis. A survey was developed by indirect immunofluorescence in blood obtained in filter paper from 40 dogs from Santa Maria, 20 from Itaara and 11 from Júlio de Castilhos. Examined dogs were generally related to those reputedly positive. Besides the above dogs, blood from 44 stray dogs from Júlio de Castilhos, 68 from Cachoeira do Sul and 20 from Caçapava do Sul was also examined. Slightly positive sera ( 1:40) were examined with ELISA. PCR and histology was used to examine the liver, spleen, lungs and lymph nodes from a sixth dog considered at necropsy to be positive for visceral leishmaniasis. All results for the 204 dogs were negative. This indicates that visceral leishmaniasis, due to various factors discussed below, is extremely rare in this region. A more detailed exam of the material from the five dogs considered positive is necessary.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros/parasitología , Leishmaniasis Visceral/veterinaria , Animales , Brasil/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Perros/epidemiología , Perros , Leishmaniasis Visceral/diagnóstico , Leishmaniasis Visceral/epidemiología , Estudios SeroepidemiológicosRESUMEN
A partir de relato de diagnóstico de leishmaniose visceral em cinco cäes dos municípios de Santa Maria, Itaara e Júlio de Castilhos, no centro do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, foi realizado levantamento sorológico através de teste de imunofluorescência indireta em sangue obtido em papel de filtro de 40 cäes de Santa Maria, 20 de Itaara e 11 de Júlio de Castilhos, em geral relacionados aos cinco cäes considerados como positivos. Além destes, foi também examinado o sangue de 44 cäes vadios de Júlio de Castilhos, 68 de Cachoeira do Sul e 20 de Caçapava do Sul. Soros fracamente reagentes com títulos < 1:40 foram avaliados em ensaios de Ensaio Imuno-enzimático. Amostras de fígado, baço, pulmäo e linfonodos de um sexto cäo de Santa Maria, considerado como positivo à necropsia, foram examinadas através de histopatologia e PCR. Todos os resultados dos 204 cäes foram negativos, indicando que, apesar de näo ser impossível a ocorrência de leishmaniose visceral na regiäo, por vários fatores aqui discutidos, ela deve ser pelo menos extremamente rara, sendo necessários estudos mais detalhados do material dos cinco cäes tidos como positivos
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Enfermedades de los Perros , Leishmaniasis Visceral , Brasil , Enfermedades de los Perros , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Indirecta , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , VíscerasRESUMEN
Medulloblastoma has variable appearances on MRI in both children and adults. Adults are more likely to have heterogeneous cerebellar hemisphere tumours, and this is thought to be related to the greater prevalence of desmoplastic tumours in adulthood. Few studies have addressed the MRI features of adult medulloblastoma and the specific characteristics of desmoplastic and classic tumours have not been analysed. Our aim was to analyse the imaging characteristics of desmoplastic (DM) and classic (CM) medulloblastomas in adult. We retrospectively studied preoperative MRI of six men and three women, median age 33 years, range 23-53 years, with pathologically proved medulloblastomas. There were six (67%) with DM. The tumour was in the cerebellar hemisphere in eight patients (89%), including the three with CM, one of which was bilateral. All tumours were heterogeneous, giving predominantly low or isointense signal on T1- and isointense signal on T2-weighted images. Cystic or necrotic areas in all patients were particularly visible on T2-weighted images. Contrast enhancement was absent in one DM and varied from slight to intense in eight (three CM), homogeneous in one DM and patchy in seven. All tumours extended to the surface of the cerebellum and two had well-defined margins. MRI does not allow a clear distinction between DM and CM in adults.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Cerebelosas/diagnóstico , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Meduloblastoma/diagnóstico , Adulto , Mapeo Encefálico , Neoplasias Cerebelosas/clasificación , Neoplasias Cerebelosas/fisiopatología , Femenino , Humanos , Aumento de la Imagen , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/instrumentación , Masculino , Meduloblastoma/clasificación , Meduloblastoma/fisiopatología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
This in vitro study evaluated the marginal leakage of two light-cured resin composites used for posterior restorations using two filling techniques. Standardized Class V cavities were made on the enamel vestibular surface of 30 freshly extracted sound inferior bovine incisors. The teeth were randomly restored according to three experimental groups (Group 1--Z250 with 1 mm vertical increments; Group 2--Z250 with 1 mm horizontal increments; Group 3--SureFil with 1 mm horizontal increments). All samples were thermocycled (3000 cycles at 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C) with a dwell time of one minute at each temperature and immersed in a dye solution for 12 hours. After being ground into powder, the samples were individually immersed into glass tubes with absolute alcohol. The solution was centrifuged and the supernatant was analyzed using a spectrophotometer to quantify its dye concentration. Results showed that Group 2 exhibited the lowest leakage means, which was significantly different from Groups 1 and 3 (p<0.05). It was concluded that despite the lower leakage means exhibited by medium viscosity composites, no restorative material or filling technique was able to avoid leakage.