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The incidence of cancer has increased due to greater longevity of the animals as a consequence of better control of other diseases, improvement of nutrition and good practices in preventive medicine. Malignant tumors can cause paraneoplastic syndrome such as hypercalcemia, anemia, cachexia, among others and consequent cardiovascular disorders. The electrocardiography (ECG) is a complementary exam that can reveal with its traces these rhythmic disorders. Based on that, the objective of this study was to evaluate the ECG in bitches with mammary tumors in order to detect in which type of tumor would be found significant changes as in cardiac rhythm, ECG waves, segments or cardiac axis. Twenty-nine female dogs were used in this study, being 19 bitches with mammary tumor, and they were allocated in three groups: G1: control group (n = 10), G2: benign neoplasia group (n = 6) and G3: malignant neoplasia group (n = 13). The most prevalent type of neoplasia in G2 was the benign mixed tumor (83%), followed by adenoma (17%) whereas in G3: carcinoma in mixed tumor (61%); papillary carcinoma (23%). Regarding cardiac rhythm, it was found sinus arrhythmia (SA) and normal sinus rhythm (NS): G1: 50% SA and 50% NS; G2: 67% SA and 33% NS; G3: 54% SA and 46% NS. No ventricular or atrial arrhythmias were detected. For other parameters in G1, G2 and G3, respectively (mean ± Std error): FC (bpm): 110±9.2, 120 ± 8.5, 124±7,5; P (ms): 48 ± 1.6, 51 ± 1.8, 50 ± 1.2; P (mV) 0.19 ± 0.02, 0.2 ± 0.02, 0.19 ± 0.02; PR (ms): 94 ± 4.3, 93 ± 5.5, 89 ± 3.9; QRS (ms): 56 ± 1.54, 60 ± 4, 62 ± 1.2; R (mV): 1.1 ± 0.06, 1.2 ± 0.24, 0.9 ± 0.13; QT (ms): 203 ± 9.4; 204 ± 7.9; 182 ± 15.6; and cardiac axis (°): 66 ± 6.2, 61 ± 7.9, 70 ± 7.5. There were no significant differences for all cardiac parameters and also for ST interval and T wave morphology. All electrocardiographic parameters found are in accordance with other studies carried out in the canine species. The results regarding tumor types differ from what was found in another study, in which in 18 bitches with mammary tumors, 55% were benign, with prevalence of adenomas (38%) followed by benign mixed tumors, and 45% malignant, with adenocarcinoma prevailing (22%). In another study, it was verified in 63 bitches the predominance of tubular carcinoma (26.56%) and carcinoma in mixed tumors (23.44%). Diverging from the electrocardiographic parameters of this study, a significant difference was found in the R wave amplitude value in the research by Barros et al., (2015) who performed computerized electrocardiography in 50 dogs, not only with mammary neoplasms (55% mammary carcinomas), but also in mastocytomas, lymphomas, benign tumors and other sarcomas. This author found out that the R wave amplitude values of the neoplasia group were lower when compared to the control group. In addition, we suspect that other types of tumors could result in more paraneoplastic syndrome than the mammary neoplasms found in this research. Neoplasms as lymphomas (T cells), apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinomas, multiple myelomas and thymomas are known as a cause of hypercalcemia of malignancy and histiocytic sarcomas, myelomas, leukemia and lymphomas causing anemia. In conclusion, ECG has no changes in benign or malignant mammary tumors in dogs. However, this fact does not exclude the importance of its performance in pre-anesthetic evaluations. Further studies with a larger sample including the clinical staging of these bitches with a balanced number of animals with low and high staging are suggested.(AU)

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Nutritional improvements in intensive aquaculture production systems is necessary for the reduction of stress, maximum utilization of nutritional components, and expression of the genetic potential of fish. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hemato-immunological, and histological parameters and gut microbiota of Nile tilapia fed with the microalga Schizochytrium sp. Males of Nile tilapia were distributed among eight net cages (6 m3), and fed for 105 days with two diets: control (CON), without Schizochytrium sp., and supplemented (SUP), with 1.2% Schizochytrium sp. in the diet. The final weight, mortality, hematocrit, total erythrocyte count (RBC), hemoglobin, hematimetric indices, white blood cell count (WBC), total protein, and serum lysozyme were measured. Alterations in intestinal morphology were evaluated. The gut microbiota was evaluated with next-generation sequencing. No significant differences (p>0.05) were found in the final weight and mortality between diets. Regarding the hematological parameters, a difference (p<0.05) was detected only in RBC, with there being lower values in the SUP, although this group also showed a tendency toward having an increased mean corpuscular hemoglobin level. There were no differences (p>0.05) in total protein and serum lysozyme concentrations or in WBCs between diets, except for lymphocytes, which presented lower values (p<0.05) in the SUP, suggesting immunomodulation by the polyunsaturated fatty acids present in the microalga. There was no difference (p>0.05) in the intestinal morphology between diets. Metagenomic data indicated greater richness (represented by the Chao index) and a higher abundance of the bacterial phylum Firmicutes in the gut microbiota of the tilapia fed with the SUP diet, demonstrating that the digestion and use of the components of the microalga could influence the microbial community. The results indicated that the microalga had modulatory effects on blood cells and the intestinal microbiota, without affecting the structure and integrity of the intestinal villi.

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Background: Spinal neoplasms are classified into extradural, intradural/extramedullary or intramedullary. Intradural/extramedullary tumors include meningiomas and nerve sheath tumors, which arise from meninges or peripheral nerves around the spinal cord. Clinical signs are related to dysfunction of the involved nerve and include pain, nerve root signature and atrophy. Osteochondromas are benign tumors located within the bone, on its surface or in extra-osseous regions, when they are classified as soft tissue osteochondoma. The aim of this study is to describe a case of an osteochondroma in a nervous root of the cauda equina in a dog, whose surgical resection allowed the resolution of the clinical signs.Case: A 12-year-old, male, Labrador Retriever dog, was presented with a 40-day history of progressive, painful, pelvic limb paresis, with no improvement when treated with analgesics and acupuncture. Neurological abnormalities included paraparesis, sometimes worse in the left pelvic limb, that was carried flexed at the level of the stifle, hindlimb atrophy, decreased interdigital reflexes and pain in the lumbar spinal region, mainly over L6 vertebra. Results of blood count and serum biochemical analysis were unremarkable. Computed tomography (CT) of the lumbosacral area was performed and the evaluation of images in transverse and reconstructed dorsal and sagittal planes allowed the visualization of a hyperattenuating and calcified round structure with 8 mm x 6 mm, in the left side of vertebral canal, at the level of caudal epiphysis of L6. Lumbosacral (L7-S1) CT abnormalities, as subchondral sclerosis, mild disc margin bulging, spondylosis deformans and foraminal proliferation were also observed but were considered clinically insignificant.[...]

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Background: Spinal neoplasms are classified into extradural, intradural/extramedullary or intramedullary. Intradural/extramedullary tumors include meningiomas and nerve sheath tumors, which arise from meninges or peripheral nerves around the spinal cord. Clinical signs are related to dysfunction of the involved nerve and include pain, nerve root signature and atrophy. Osteochondromas are benign tumors located within the bone, on its surface or in extra-osseous regions, when they are classified as soft tissue osteochondoma. The aim of this study is to describe a case of an osteochondroma in a nervous root of the cauda equina in a dog, whose surgical resection allowed the resolution of the clinical signs.Case: A 12-year-old, male, Labrador Retriever dog, was presented with a 40-day history of progressive, painful, pelvic limb paresis, with no improvement when treated with analgesics and acupuncture. Neurological abnormalities included paraparesis, sometimes worse in the left pelvic limb, that was carried flexed at the level of the stifle, hindlimb atrophy, decreased interdigital reflexes and pain in the lumbar spinal region, mainly over L6 vertebra. Results of blood count and serum biochemical analysis were unremarkable. Computed tomography (CT) of the lumbosacral area was performed and the evaluation of images in transverse and reconstructed dorsal and sagittal planes allowed the visualization of a hyperattenuating and calcified round structure with 8 mm x 6 mm, in the left side of vertebral canal, at the level of caudal epiphysis of L6. Lumbosacral (L7-S1) CT abnormalities, as subchondral sclerosis, mild disc margin bulging, spondylosis deformans and foraminal proliferation were also observed but were considered clinically insignificant.[...](AU)

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The spleen of dogs is frequently affected by disorders that vary from local and systemic origin. The difficulty in associating clinical and gross findings contributes for the choice of total splenectomy as the main treatment, leading to an impairment of the immune and hematopoietic functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pathological findings in the spleen of splenectomized dogs during 2008 to 2014 at a Veterinary Teaching Hospital. From the 71 cases analyzed, 97% (69/71) of the dogs were submitted to total splenectomy and 3% (2/71) to partial splenectomy. In 45 (63.4%) of these cases, the histopathological diagnosis was non-neoplastic alterations; only 36.6% (26/71) had a splenic neoplasia. The main non-neoplastic lesions observed were nodular hyperplasia 24.4% (11/45), infarction 22.3% (10/45), and hematoma 20% (9/45). The most frequent tumors were hemangiosarcoma 50% (13/26), histiocytic sarcoma 23% (6/26), and lymphoma 11.5% (3/26). The clinical methods used to diagnose splenic lesions were ultrasonography 88% (63/71), radiography 2.8% (2/71) and exploratory laparotomy 4.2% (3/71). In 4.2% (3/71) the spleen changes were observed during the therapeutic ovariohysterectomy. The results of the present study showed a prevalence of benign disorders in the spleen of splenectomized dogs associated with a high incidence of total splenectomy performed, indicating a difficulty in recognizing the different lesions that can affect the spleen by theveterinarian medical.

O baço de cães é frequentemente afetado por alterações locais ou de origem sistêmica. A dificuldade em associar achados clínicos e macroscópicos contribuem para a escolha da esplenectomia total com principal tratamento, levando a um comprometimento das funções imune e hematopoiética. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os achados patológicos no baço de cães esplenectomizados durante 2008 a 2014 em um Hospital Escola Veterinário. Dos 71 casos analisados, 97% (69/71) dos cães foram submetidos à esplenectomia total e 3% (2/71) à esplenectomia parcial. Em 45 (63.4%) casos, o diagnóstico histopatológico foi de alterações não-neoplásicas; somente 36,6% (26/71) tinham neoplasia esplênica. As principais alterações não-neoplásicas observadas foram hiperplasia nodular 24,4% (11/45), infarto 22,3% (10/45) e hematoma 20% (9/45). Os tumores mais frequentes foram hemangiossarcoma 50% (13/26), sarcoma histiocítico 23% (6/26) e linfoma esplênico 11.5% (3/26). Os métodos clínicos utilizados para diagnóstico foram ultrassonografia 88% (63/71), radiografia 2.8% (2/71) e laparatomia exploratória. Em 4,2% (3/71), as alterações esplênicas foram observadas durante ovariohisterectomia terapêutica. Os resultados do presente estudo evidenciam uma prevalência de alterações benignas no baço de cães esplenectomizados, associada com uma alta incidência de esplenectomias totais realizadas, indicam uma dificuldade dos médicos veterinários em reconhecer asdiferentes lesões que podem acometer o baço.

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The spleen of dogs is frequently affected by disorders that vary from local and systemic origin. The difficulty in associating clinical and gross findings contributes for the choice of total splenectomy as the main treatment, leading to an impairment of the immune and hematopoietic functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pathological findings in the spleen of splenectomized dogs during 2008 to 2014 at a Veterinary Teaching Hospital. From the 71 cases analyzed, 97% (69/71) of the dogs were submitted to total splenectomy and 3% (2/71) to partial splenectomy. In 45 (63.4%) of these cases, the histopathological diagnosis was non-neoplastic alterations; only 36.6% (26/71) had a splenic neoplasia. The main non-neoplastic lesions observed were nodular hyperplasia 24.4% (11/45), infarction 22.3% (10/45), and hematoma 20% (9/45). The most frequent tumors were hemangiosarcoma 50% (13/26), histiocytic sarcoma 23% (6/26), and lymphoma 11.5% (3/26). The clinical methods used to diagnose splenic lesions were ultrasonography 88% (63/71), radiography 2.8% (2/71) and exploratory laparotomy 4.2% (3/71). In 4.2% (3/71) the spleen changes were observed during the therapeutic ovariohysterectomy. The results of the present study showed a prevalence of benign disorders in the spleen of splenectomized dogs associated with a high incidence of total splenectomy performed, indicating a difficulty in recognizing the different lesions that can affect the spleen by theveterinarian medical.(AU)

O baço de cães é frequentemente afetado por alterações locais ou de origem sistêmica. A dificuldade em associar achados clínicos e macroscópicos contribuem para a escolha da esplenectomia total com principal tratamento, levando a um comprometimento das funções imune e hematopoiética. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os achados patológicos no baço de cães esplenectomizados durante 2008 a 2014 em um Hospital Escola Veterinário. Dos 71 casos analisados, 97% (69/71) dos cães foram submetidos à esplenectomia total e 3% (2/71) à esplenectomia parcial. Em 45 (63.4%) casos, o diagnóstico histopatológico foi de alterações não-neoplásicas; somente 36,6% (26/71) tinham neoplasia esplênica. As principais alterações não-neoplásicas observadas foram hiperplasia nodular 24,4% (11/45), infarto 22,3% (10/45) e hematoma 20% (9/45). Os tumores mais frequentes foram hemangiossarcoma 50% (13/26), sarcoma histiocítico 23% (6/26) e linfoma esplênico 11.5% (3/26). Os métodos clínicos utilizados para diagnóstico foram ultrassonografia 88% (63/71), radiografia 2.8% (2/71) e laparatomia exploratória. Em 4,2% (3/71), as alterações esplênicas foram observadas durante ovariohisterectomia terapêutica. Os resultados do presente estudo evidenciam uma prevalência de alterações benignas no baço de cães esplenectomizados, associada com uma alta incidência de esplenectomias totais realizadas, indicam uma dificuldade dos médicos veterinários em reconhecer asdiferentes lesões que podem acometer o baço.(AU)

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Canine transmissible venereal tumours (CTVT) are the most commonly diagnosed tumours in veterinary hospitals. CTVT is morphologically classified as a round cell tumour, although the exact origin of the cells is unknown. Immunohistochemical studies have suggested histiocytic and mesenchymal origin. CTVT can be classified as lymphocyte-like, plasmocyte-like, and mixed according to their cytomorphological features. The treatment of choice for CTVT is chemotherapy with vincristine sulphate applied weekly; this produces a good prognosis. However, an increase in the number of chemotherapy applications and adjuvant therapies has become common. The aim of this study was to determine the association of cytomorphological types of CTVT with resistance and partial resistance to vincristine sulphate and the possible need for a large number of chemotherapy sessions. A retrospective study of a 24-month period evaluated 46 diagnosed and treated cases of CTVT. It was concluded that there is a higher prevalence of plasmacyte-like, followed by mixed and lymphocyte-like CTVT. The cytomorphological type did not differ in relation to the response to the treatments with vincristine sulphate and the number of chemotherapy sessions necessary for CTVT regression has increased by factors not yet elucidated.(AU)

O tumor venéreo transmissível canino (TVT) é a neoplasia mais comumente diagnosticada nos hospitais veterinários, morfologicamente é classificado como células tumorais redondas, embora a origem exata dessas células seja desconhecida, estudos imunohistoquímicos sugerem origem histocítica e mesenquimal. O TVT pode ser classificado de acordo com suas características citomorfológicas como linfocítico, plasmocítico e misto,. Geralmente são benignos, entretanto podem apresentar metástase. O tratamento de escolha do TVT é quimioterapia com sulfato de vincristina aplicada uma vez por semana, com um bom prognóstico. Contudo, nos últimos anos tem se observado a necessidade de aumento no número de aplicações da quimioterapia e terapias adjuvantes. O objetivo nesse estudo foi associar os tipos morfológicos de TVT com a resposta a quimioterapia com sulfato de vincristina, em um estudo retrospectivo realizado no período de 24 meses com 46 casos. Pode-se concluir que há uma maior prevalência dos tipos de TVT plasmocítico, seguido do misto e depois do linfocítico, e que os tipos citomorfológicos não diferem em relação à resposta ao tratamento com sulfato de vincristina. O número de sessões de quimioterapia necessárias para regressão do TVT teve um aumento por fatores ainda não elucidados.(AU)

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Canine transmissible venereal tumours (CTVT) are the most commonly diagnosed tumours in veterinary hospitals. CTVT is morphologically classified as a round cell tumour, although the exact origin of the cells is unknown. Immunohistochemical studies have suggested histiocytic and mesenchymal origin. CTVT can be classified as lymphocyte-like, plasmocyte-like, and mixed according to their cytomorphological features. The treatment of choice for CTVT is chemotherapy with vincristine sulphate applied weekly; this produces a good prognosis. However, an increase in the number of chemotherapy applications and adjuvant therapies has become common. The aim of this study was to determine the association of cytomorphological types of CTVT with resistance and partial resistance to vincristine sulphate and the possible need for a large number of chemotherapy sessions. A retrospective study of a 24-month period evaluated 46 diagnosed and treated cases of CTVT. It was concluded that there is a higher prevalence of plasmacyte-like, followed by mixed and lymphocyte-like CTVT. The cytomorphological type did not differ in relation to the response to the treatments with vincristine sulphate and the number of chemotherapy sessions necessary for CTVT regression has increased by factors not yet elucidated.

O tumor venéreo transmissível canino (TVT) é a neoplasia mais comumente diagnosticada nos hospitais veterinários, morfologicamente é classificado como células tumorais redondas, embora a origem exata dessas células seja desconhecida, estudos imunohistoquímicos sugerem origem histocítica e mesenquimal. O TVT pode ser classificado de acordo com suas características citomorfológicas como linfocítico, plasmocítico e misto,. Geralmente são benignos, entretanto podem apresentar metástase. O tratamento de escolha do TVT é quimioterapia com sulfato de vincristina aplicada uma vez por semana, com um bom prognóstico. Contudo, nos últimos anos tem se observado a necessidade de aumento no número de aplicações da quimioterapia e terapias adjuvantes. O objetivo nesse estudo foi associar os tipos morfológicos de TVT com a resposta a quimioterapia com sulfato de vincristina, em um estudo retrospectivo realizado no período de 24 meses com 46 casos. Pode-se concluir que há uma maior prevalência dos tipos de TVT plasmocítico, seguido do misto e depois do linfocítico, e que os tipos citomorfológicos não diferem em relação à resposta ao tratamento com sulfato de vincristina. O número de sessões de quimioterapia necessárias para regressão do TVT teve um aumento por fatores ainda não elucidados.

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This study aims to characterize epidemiological and histopathological data of canine patients with mammary tumors treated at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Universidade Estadual de Londrina (HV/UEL), Paraná-Brazil.[...]

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This study aims to characterize epidemiological and histopathological data of canine patients with mammary tumors treated at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Universidade Estadual de Londrina (HV/UEL), Paraná-Brazil.[...](AU)

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As doenças prostáticas constituem um problema comum em cães adultos e idosos. Uma das afecções mais freqüentes é a hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB) que, tanto no cão como no homem, está associada ao avanço da idade e ao desequilíbrio hormonal. No presente trabalho foram mensurados hormônios andrógenos, estrógeno, fosfatase ácida prostática (PAP) e antígeno prostático específico (PSA) de 37 cães com idade superior a três anos, em função do aspecto microscópico da próstata. Encontraram-se baixos níveis de estrógeno e altas concentrações de PSA nos animais com algum tipo de hiperplasia. Os valores de PAP sérico e urinário também foram maiores nos cães com hiperplasia.

Prostatic diseases have been a common problem in middle age and older intact male dogs. Among these, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BHP) is the most frequent, age-related and hormonal-dependent condition of human and canine prostate. Blood samples were collected from 37 male intact dogs, tree years old dogs or more to determine androgens, estrogen, prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and prostatic specific antigen (PSA) according to histopathological aspects. Low levels of estrogen and high levels of prostatic specific antigen (PSA) were founded in dogs with BHP, respectively. Seric and urinary PAP levels were high in dogs with hyperplasia.

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As doenças prostáticas constituem um problema comum em cães adultos e idosos. Uma das afecções mais freqüentes é a hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB) que, tanto no cão como no homem, está associada ao avanço da idade e ao desequilíbrio hormonal. No presente trabalho foram mensurados hormônios andrógenos, estrógeno, fosfatase ácida prostática (PAP) e antígeno prostático específico (PSA) de 37 cães com idade superior a três anos, em função do aspecto microscópico da próstata. Encontraram-se baixos níveis de estrógeno e altas concentrações de PSA nos animais com algum tipo de hiperplasia. Os valores de PAP sérico e urinário também foram maiores nos cães com hiperplasia.(AU)

Prostatic diseases have been a common problem in middle age and older intact male dogs. Among these, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BHP) is the most frequent, age-related and hormonal-dependent condition of human and canine prostate. Blood samples were collected from 37 male intact dogs, tree years old dogs or more to determine androgens, estrogen, prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and prostatic specific antigen (PSA) according to histopathological aspects. Low levels of estrogen and high levels of prostatic specific antigen (PSA) were founded in dogs with BHP, respectively. Seric and urinary PAP levels were high in dogs with hyperplasia.(AU)

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