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We describe a case of congenital duplication involving urogenital organs, pelvis and tail in a dog diagnosed by ultrasound scanning, retrograde urethrocystography, and excretory urography. Left nephrectomy, cystectomy, urethral resection, orchidectomy, penectomy, and caudectomy were the treatment options for this case. No spine or intestinal alteration was observed by radiography. After the surgery, the patient condition was assessed for one year. No significant changes were observed in ambulation or in laboratory test results during this period, including normal urination. The patient is currently 6 years old, and is in good condition and with quality of life.

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This report describes a pleomorphic lobular carcinoma (PLC) case, in an eight-year-old, female Shih Tzu dog, which attended the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Franca, Brazil. A single irregular, non-ulcerated, nonhyperaemic soft nodule, 2 cm in diameter, was observed during the clinical examination. The nodule was adhered within the deep tissues in the right caudal thoracic mammary gland. After removal of the nodule, the histopathologic examination showed that the neoplastic epithelial cells were scattered throughout the stroma in linear patterns, had abundant eosinophiliccytoplasm, eccentric nuclei and cytoplasmatic vacuoles, features compatible with the diagnosis of pleomorphic lobularcarcinoma. An immunohistochemical evaluation was performed in order to better characterise the tumour. Based on thenegative immunoreactivity for hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 and positive expression for one of the basal markers, the basal-like triple-negative phenotype was characterized. The treatment indicated was chemotherapy with carboplatin; however, the disease progressed, and the patient had an overall survival of 47 days after surgery, confirming the aggressiveness of the disease.(AU)

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This report describes a pleomorphic lobular carcinoma (PLC) case, in an eight-year-old, female Shih Tzu dog, which attended the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Franca, Brazil. A single irregular, non-ulcerated, nonhyperaemic soft nodule, 2 cm in diameter, was observed during the clinical examination. The nodule was adhered within the deep tissues in the right caudal thoracic mammary gland. After removal of the nodule, the histopathologic examination showed that the neoplastic epithelial cells were scattered throughout the stroma in linear patterns, had abundant eosinophiliccytoplasm, eccentric nuclei and cytoplasmatic vacuoles, features compatible with the diagnosis of pleomorphic lobularcarcinoma. An immunohistochemical evaluation was performed in order to better characterise the tumour. Based on thenegative immunoreactivity for hormone receptors and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 and positive expression for one of the basal markers, the basal-like triple-negative phenotype was characterized. The treatment indicated was chemotherapy with carboplatin; however, the disease progressed, and the patient had an overall survival of 47 days after surgery, confirming the aggressiveness of the disease.

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Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of lymphoma in dogs. We evaluated Ki67 immunoexpression and mitotic index (MI) in dogs diagnosed with DLBCL and treated with a 19-wk CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) protocol. Twenty-nine lymph node samples from dogs diagnosed with DLBCL were analyzed for Ki67 immunostaining, and positive cells present in 1 cm2 were counted in a grid reticle for comparison of survival times above and below the means. The Ki67 mean was 107, and the MI mean was 21. There was a significant ( p < 0.05) difference in median survival time between Ki67 immunostaining above and below the mean, with no difference in MI groups. Ki67 values >107 positive cells per 5 HPF counted in a grid reticle were associated with shorter survival times in dogs with DLBCL treated with a 19-wk CHOP-based protocol.

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Background: Hemostatic alterations are commonly detected in canine cancer patients. However, few studies have described hemostatic dysfunction in dogs with different tumor subtypes. In Veterinary Medicine, the state of hypercoagulability is hardly diagnosed alive, since laboratory exams for evaluate hemostatic function are not always requested. Due to importance of homeostatic disorders in cancer patients, this study aimed to evaluate hemostatic alterations such as platelet count, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT) and fibrinogen in tumor-bearing dogs.Materials, Methods & Results: From the 55 dogs evaluated, 30 had mammary carcinoma, 6 visceral hemangiosarcoma, 9 high-grade cutaneous mast cell tumor and 10 multicentric lymphoma. The results were compared to a control group composed by 10 Beagle dogs. Thrombocytosis was observed in 26.6% (8/30) of mammary carcinoma group and thrombocytopenia in 10% (3/30). The patients with hemangiosarcoma and mast cell tumor did not reveal thrombocytosis, however, thrombocytopenia was present in 16.6% (1/6) and 33% (3/9), respectively. Three dogs with multicentric lymphoma showed thrombocytopenia and other three showed thrombocytosis. From patients with thrombocytosis, one was classified as severe thrombocytosis (1077 x 10³/µL). Therefore, there were no statistically significant associations between neoplasia group with control group (P > 0.05). Regarding the aPTT and PT evaluation, mammary carcinoma (P = 0.0005), hemangiosarcoma (P = 0.033) and mast cell tumor (P = 0.012) patients showed statistical difference for aPTT, while the evaluation for PT was not significant (P > 0.05). We grouped all patients as a “tumor group” and compared to the control group. It was possible to observe increased aPTT and PT in 89% (49/55) and 50.90% (28/55) respectively, in tumor group compared to normal.[...]

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Background: Hemostatic alterations are commonly detected in canine cancer patients. However, few studies have described hemostatic dysfunction in dogs with different tumor subtypes. In Veterinary Medicine, the state of hypercoagulability is hardly diagnosed alive, since laboratory exams for evaluate hemostatic function are not always requested. Due to importance of homeostatic disorders in cancer patients, this study aimed to evaluate hemostatic alterations such as platelet count, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT) and fibrinogen in tumor-bearing dogs.Materials, Methods & Results: From the 55 dogs evaluated, 30 had mammary carcinoma, 6 visceral hemangiosarcoma, 9 high-grade cutaneous mast cell tumor and 10 multicentric lymphoma. The results were compared to a control group composed by 10 Beagle dogs. Thrombocytosis was observed in 26.6% (8/30) of mammary carcinoma group and thrombocytopenia in 10% (3/30). The patients with hemangiosarcoma and mast cell tumor did not reveal thrombocytosis, however, thrombocytopenia was present in 16.6% (1/6) and 33% (3/9), respectively. Three dogs with multicentric lymphoma showed thrombocytopenia and other three showed thrombocytosis. From patients with thrombocytosis, one was classified as severe thrombocytosis (1077 x 10³/µL). Therefore, there were no statistically significant associations between neoplasia group with control group (P > 0.05). Regarding the aPTT and PT evaluation, mammary carcinoma (P = 0.0005), hemangiosarcoma (P = 0.033) and mast cell tumor (P = 0.012) patients showed statistical difference for aPTT, while the evaluation for PT was not significant (P > 0.05). We grouped all patients as a “tumor group” and compared to the control group. It was possible to observe increased aPTT and PT in 89% (49/55) and 50.90% (28/55) respectively, in tumor group compared to normal.[...](AU)

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Background: The squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common cancer in the oral epithelium of dogs and rarely involves the retrobulbar area. The diagnosis is confirmed with cytological and histopathological exam. Faced with the unusual occurrence of retrobulbar tumors in dogs, we report a case of SCC in the left maxilla, with ipsilateral retrobulbar metastasis, and also highlight clinical aspects of the neoplasia, exams, early diagnosis and therapeutic possibilities.Case: A male dog, 17 years old, with a history of visual loss, enlargement of left eye and prostration after 25 days of a dental treatment. The patient had exophthalmia of the left eye with mild lateral deviation, meibomitis, lagophthalmos, moderate conjunctival hyperemia and episcleral congestion, protrusion of the third eyelid, epiphora, moderate purulent discharge, paracentral corneal degeneration, absence of pupillary reflex to light (direct and consensual) and presence of immature cataract. The Schirmer test and intraocular pressure were normal, as well as complete blood count and biochemical profile. Due to the testy temperament of the animal, the intraoral examination was limited to two-thirds of the jaw in the first appointment. Ocular vitreous ultrasound was performed showing moderate amount of membranous and punctate echoes, as well as medium-high reflectivity were present in all meridians...

O carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) é considerado a segunda neoplasia oral não odontogênica, maligna, mais frequente em cães [6] e raramente acomete a região retrobulbar nesta espécie [3,11]. Neoplasias retrobulbares têm representatividade de 4% quando comparadas as de outras estruturas oculares [2] e em 74% das vezes, representam metástases [8].Diante da ocorrência incomum de neoplasias na região retrobulbar em cães, objetivou-se relatar o caso de CCE na maxila esquerda, com metástase retrobulbar ipsilateral, não obstante, ressaltar importantes aspectos da neoplasia que auxiliem no rápido diagnóstico e na escolha terapêutica...

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Background: The squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common cancer in the oral epithelium of dogs and rarely involves the retrobulbar area. The diagnosis is confirmed with cytological and histopathological exam. Faced with the unusual occurrence of retrobulbar tumors in dogs, we report a case of SCC in the left maxilla, with ipsilateral retrobulbar metastasis, and also highlight clinical aspects of the neoplasia, exams, early diagnosis and therapeutic possibilities.Case: A male dog, 17 years old, with a history of visual loss, enlargement of left eye and prostration after 25 days of a dental treatment. The patient had exophthalmia of the left eye with mild lateral deviation, meibomitis, lagophthalmos, moderate conjunctival hyperemia and episcleral congestion, protrusion of the third eyelid, epiphora, moderate purulent discharge, paracentral corneal degeneration, absence of pupillary reflex to light (direct and consensual) and presence of immature cataract. The Schirmer test and intraocular pressure were normal, as well as complete blood count and biochemical profile. Due to the testy temperament of the animal, the intraoral examination was limited to two-thirds of the jaw in the first appointment. Ocular vitreous ultrasound was performed showing moderate amount of membranous and punctate echoes, as well as medium-high reflectivity were present in all meridians...(AU)

O carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) é considerado a segunda neoplasia oral não odontogênica, maligna, mais frequente em cães [6] e raramente acomete a região retrobulbar nesta espécie [3,11]. Neoplasias retrobulbares têm representatividade de 4% quando comparadas as de outras estruturas oculares [2] e em 74% das vezes, representam metástases [8].Diante da ocorrência incomum de neoplasias na região retrobulbar em cães, objetivou-se relatar o caso de CCE na maxila esquerda, com metástase retrobulbar ipsilateral, não obstante, ressaltar importantes aspectos da neoplasia que auxiliem no rápido diagnóstico e na escolha terapêutica...(AU)

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Analisa o desenvolvimento histórico e o contexto político e social do surgimento do movimento socioambientalista no Brasil, o processo constituinte brasileiro e seu significado para a democratização do país. Itens importantes para o avanço do socioambientalismo também foram analisados, caso da lei que instituiu o Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação da Natureza (Snuc) e da proteção aos conhecimentos tradicionais associados à biodiversidade. A proteção jurídica tanto à biodiversidade quanto à sociodiversidade aparece como as duas faces da mesma moeda. Coloca em discussão ainda o acesso aos recursos genéticos situados em territórios ocupados por populações tradicionais e delineia alguns elementos fundamentais para a construção de um regime jurídico "sui generis" de proteção a tais conhecimentos tradicionais associados

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