RESUMEN
Botryosphaeria dieback (BD) occurs in young and old plants. In the field, the prevalence and severity of the disease increase proportionally with the age of vineyards. Among the pathogens that cause BD, Diplodia seriata is the most prevalent species in Chile and other countries with a Mediterranean climate. To date, no information is available on the susceptibility of adult wood to infection by this pathogen since most of the pathogenicity tests have been carried out on 1- or 2-year-old shoots or detached canes. Therefore, a pathogenicity test was carried out on plants under field conditions, with inoculations in 1-year-old shoots and 2- and 10-year-old wood in grapevine cv. Cabernet Sauvignon. A pathogenicity test was carried out with two isolates of D. seriata. The results for the plants show that D. seriata was significantly more aggressive on the 10-year-old than on the one- or two-year-old tissue, where the lesions were 4.3 and 2.3 cm on average, respectively. These results were compared with the lesions obtained from two-year-old canes after the isolates were activated in grape berries. Also, the Chilean isolates of D. seriata were compared phylogenetically with those from other countries, and no major differences were found between them. Our results are consistent with the damage observed in the field, contributing to the knowledge of the epidemiology of this disease in Mediterranean climates. In the future, the effect observed in cv. Cabernet Sauvignon with D. seriata on virulence at different tissue ages should be tested for other BD-causing agents and wine varieties.
RESUMEN
OBJETIVO Mostrar la aplicación clínica de la corticotomía con la técnica difundida por Wilko y Ferguson en una paciente de sexo femenino, adulta joven, con compresión dentoalveolar que rehusó cirugía ortognática. METODOLOGIA Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura que ayuda a comprender la toma de decisión en la terapéutica utilizada. La paciente fue tratada por un periodoncista y un equipo de ortodoncia, con un aparato de expansión palatina lenta y aparatología ortodóncica convencional. Se muestra cone-beam a los 18 meses. El tratamiento fue de 2 años y su seguimiento es de 3 años poscorticotomía. RESULTADOS Clínicamente se lograron los objetivos ortodóncicos, incluido el descruce posterior, con un apropiado nivel de inserción de encía, es decir, sin recesión gingival ni sacos periodontales. La literatura apoya el uso de corticotomía, pero existen pocos trabajos con diseño apropiado para determinar que es mejor que otros procedimientos. CONCLUSIONES La corticotomía con relleno óseo sintético es eficaz para lograr expansión dentoalveolar, permitiendo cumplir los objetivos ortodóncicos y de preservación de la salud periodontal. Existe un bajo nivel de evidencia que apoye la aplicación clínica. Surge la necesidad de realizar ensayos clínicos aleatorizados para determinar si es más conveniente que otros procedimientos de cirugía ortognática.
OBJECTIVE To present the clinical application of the Corticotomy technique diffuse by Wilko and Ferguson, on a young adult female patient with compression dentoalveolar who refused orthognathic surgery. METHODS We conducted a narrative review of the literature to help understand the decision making in the therapy used. The patient was treated by a periodontist and orthodontic equipment with a slow palatal expansion appliance and conventional orthodontic appliances. Cone-beam is shown at 18 months. The treatment was two years long and the follow-up is three years post-corticotomy. RESULTS Clinically orthodontic objectives were accomplished, including subsequent uncross, with appropriate gingival attachment level, without gingival recession or periodontal pockets. The literature supports the use of corticotomy, but there are few studies with appropriate design to determine which is better than other procedures. CONCLUSIONS The corticotomy with synthetic bone void filler is effective in achieving dentoalveolar expansion, enabling compliance orthodontic objectives and periodontal health preservation. There is a low level of evidence to support the clinical application. Is becoming a need to apply random clinical trials to determine if it's more convenient than other orthognathic surgery procedures.