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This review examined relationships between nurse unit managers' leadership and patient safety and quality of care outcomes in hospital settings. Employing four databases (CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science) and ancestry searches, we identified 14 English-language, peer-reviewed, primary studies that examined such relationships using quantitative analyses. The studies were published between 2012 and 2021, and most used a cross-sectional design. Each study's quality was assessed using the Mixed-Method Appraisal Tool. In synthesizing results by categorizing outcomes, we found a positive trend in associations between effective nurse unit manager leadership and better outcomes, including fewer patient adverse events, increased nurse error reporting, and higher patient satisfaction and care quality. However, the heterogeneity of leadership measurement approaches and outcomes limited integration of study findings. Future researchers should clearly define study concepts to support interpretation of their findings and should use a suitable theoretical framework to help determine appropriate units of analysis.

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INTRODUCTION: Female breast cancer is now the most often diagnosed cancer in the world. Breast cancer screening aims to reduce mortalities related to cancer, and morbidity associated with advanced stages of the disease, through timely detection in asymptomatic women. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive assessment and evaluation of the evidence on the factors that influence the provision and uptake of breast cancer screening among women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). METHODS AND ANALYSIS: PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature including Google Scholar will be searched to identify published studies on barriers and facilitators to breast cancer screening from January 2010 to 2021. Two reviewers will independently assess the quality of all the included studies using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool version 2018. We envisage that this review will adduce evidence on common barriers and facilitators to breast cancer screening in SSA. Identifying these barriers and facilitators will help guide the initialisation of effective interventions that will improve breast cancer screening uptake among women in SSA. This review will also guide future research in developing, implementing and evaluating appropriate interventions tailored toward increasing breast cancer screening uptake. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval for this protocol is not required since it does not involve collecting data from human participants. The outcomes of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

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INTRODUCTION: Female breast cancer is currently the most commonly diagnosed cancer globally with an estimated 2.3 million new cases in 2020. Due to its rising frequency and high mortality rate in both high- and low-income countries, breast cancer has become a global public health issue. This review sought to map literature to present evidence on knowledge of breast cancer screening and its uptake among women in Ghana. METHODS: Five databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and EMBASE) were searched to identify relevant published studies between January 2012 and August 2021 on knowledge of breast cancer screening and its uptake among women. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews and the six-stage model by Arksey and O'Malley were used to select and report findings. RESULTS: Of the 65 articles retrieved, 14 records were included for synthesis. The review revealed varied knowledge levels and practices of breast cancer screening among women across a few regions in Ghana. The knowledge level of women on breast cancer screening was high, especially in breast cancer screening practice. Breast cancer screening practice among women was observed to be low and the most identified barriers were lack of technique to practice breast self-examination, having no breast problem, lack of awareness of breast cancer screening, and not having breast cancer risk. The results further showed that good knowledge of breast cancer screening, higher educational level, increasing age, physician recommendation, and household monthly income were enabling factors for breast cancer screening uptake. CONCLUSION: This review showed varied discrepancies in breast cancer screening uptake across the regions in Ghana. Despite the benefits of breast cancer screening, the utilization of the screening methods across the regions is very low due to some varied barriers from the different regions. To increase the uptake of breast cancer screening, health workers could employ various strategies such as community education and sensitization on the importance of breast cancer screening.

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AIM: To explore the motivation and lived experience of nurses responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea. BACKGROUND: Identifying motivation, barriers and facilitators to nurses' willingness to work during a pandemic is necessary to prepare for future pandemic responses. METHODS: Ten individual interviews were conducted. Interviews were analysed and synthesized following Colaizzi's method. RESULTS: Six major themes identified: Decision to participate in the COVID-19 response; Facing hardship; Distress due to the nature of COVID-19; Overcoming hardship; Growing through the COVID-19 response; and The need for reciprocity. CONCLUSION: The increased demands for nursing care during the pandemic highlight the need for strong organisational support and effective workforce strategies. Our study results can inform the development of programmes and policies that are proactive, rather than reactive, to prepare for future pandemic situations. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: To recruit and manage nurses during a pandemic effectively, a safe work environment with proper resources should be established. Additionally, adequate education, training and compensation are needed.

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Speaking up for patient safety among health care professionals is important because it can contribute to the prevention of adverse patient events, such as medication errors, infections, wrong-site surgical procedures, and other sentinel events. This systematic review identified factors that facilitate or inhibit nurses' willingness to speak up regarding patient safety in East Asian hospitals. Following the steps of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, four databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and Web of Science, were searched. Nine studies were analyzed in this review, including five qualitative and four quantitative studies published between 2014 and 2019. Quality of included studies were evaluated using the Mixed-Method Appraisal Tool. Data synthesis was based upon qualitative-led synthesis adopting two existing multilevel frameworks on safety voice and employee voice signals. Four studies were conducted in Japan, three in South Korea, one in Hong Kong, and one in Taiwan. We organized factors influencing East Asian nurses' willingness to speak up regarding patient safety according to the following four contexts: individual (motivation toward patient safety, organizational commitment, perceived effectiveness and importance of speaking up, and assertive personality), team (positive relationship and team trust, team culture, and mentoring), organizational (hospital administrative support and organizational culture) and sociocultural (hierarchy and power differential and collectivistic culture). However, due to the limited number of studies conducted in East Asian hospitals, further studies with larger cohort samples of nurses in various East Asian countries should be conducted to deepen our understanding of nurses' willingness to voice their concerns for patient safety.