RESUMEN

Mammalian pericentromeric tandem repeats produce long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are dysregulated in cancer and linked to genomic instability. Identifying the basic molecular characteristics of these lncRNAs and their regulation is important to understanding their biological function. Here, we determine that the Argonaute (Ago) proteins of the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway directly and uniformly repress bidirectional pericentromeric lncRNAs in a Dicer-dependent manner in mouse embryonic and adult stem cells. Ago-dependent and Dicer-dependent autoregulatory small RNAs were identified within pericentromeric lncRNA degradation intermediates. We develop an RNase H cleavage assay to determine the relative proportions and lengths of the pericentromeric lncRNA targets. We find that 5'-phosphate and non-polyadenylated bidirectional pericentromeric lncRNAs are expressed at similar proportions. These lncRNAs can span up to 9 repeats, with transcription from the reverse strand template yielding the longer products. Using pericentromeric repeat RNA reporters, we determine that Ago represses pericentromeric lncRNAs after S phase transcription. Upon loss of Ago, pericentromeric lncRNA dysregulation results in delayed cell cycle progression, a defective mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and genomic instability. These results show that an evolutionarily conserved Ago activity at pericentromeres contributes to mammalian genome stability.

RESUMEN

The mitochondrial and chloroplast mRNAs of the majority of land plants are modified through cytidine to uridine (C-to-U) RNA editing. Previously, forward and reverse genetic screens demonstrated a requirement for pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins for RNA editing. Moreover, chloroplast editing factors OZ1, RIP2, RIP9 and ORRM1 were identified in co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) experiments, albeit the minimal complex sufficient for editing activity was never deduced. The current study focuses on isolated, intact complexes that are capable of editing distinct sites. Peak editing activity for four sites was discovered in size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) fractions ≥ 670 kDa, while fractions estimated to be approximately 413 kDa exhibited the greatest ability to convert a substrate containing the editing site rps14 C80. RNA content peaked in the ≥ 670 kDa fraction. Treatment of active chloroplast extracts with RNase A abolished the relationship of editing activity with high-MW fractions, suggesting a structural RNA component in native complexes. By immunoblotting, RIP9, OTP86, OZ1 and ORRM1 were shown to be present in active gel filtration fractions, though OZ1 and ORRM1 were mainly found in low-MW inactive fractions. Active editing factor complexes were affinity-purified using anti-RIP9 antibodies, and orthologs to putative Arabidopsis thaliana RNA editing factor PPR proteins, RIP2, RIP9, RIP1, OZ1, ORRM1 and ISE2 were identified via mass spectrometry. Western blots from co-IP studies revealed the mutual association of OTP86 and OZ1 with native RIP9 complexes. Thus, RIP9 complexes were discovered to be highly associated with C-to-U RNA editing activity and other editing factors indicative of their critical role in vascular plant editosomes.

Asunto(s)

Cloroplastos/metabolismo , Edición de ARN/genética , ARN de Planta/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/metabolismo , Zea mays/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Cloroplastos/química , Cloroplastos/enzimología , Cloroplastos/genética , Citidina/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/genética , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/metabolismo , Modelos Moleculares , Unión Proteica , ARN Helicasas/genética , ARN Helicasas/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , ARN de Planta/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/química , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/genética , Proteínas Ribosómicas/metabolismo , Uridina/metabolismo , Zea mays/química , Zea mays/enzimología , Zea mays/genética

Asunto(s)

Leishmaniasis/epidemiología , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Leishmaniasis/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , México/epidemiología

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND Chagas disease is a chronic parasitosis transmitted by the inoculation of infected triatomine feces into wounds or conjunctival sac, transfusion, congenitally, organ transplantation, and ingestion of contaminated food. The disease is classified into an acute and chronic phase; the latter is a life-long infection that can be asymptomatic or progress to cardiac or digestive complications. CASE REPORT We report a case of acute-phase Chagas disease, transmitted by the splash of gut content from an infected triatomine into the conjunctival mucosa. CONCLUSIONS The diagnosis of Chagas disease is made by the direct visualization of the parasite in blood smears during the acute phase of the disease; during the chronic phase of the disease the diagnosis is made by the detection of IgG antibodies. Parasitological cure can be achieved in up to 80% of the cases in acute phase of the disease, in contrast with less than 30% during the chronic phase.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedad de Chagas/diagnóstico , Enfermedad de Chagas/transmisión , Nifurtimox/uso terapéutico , Tripanocidas/uso terapéutico , Trypanosoma cruzi/parasitología , Adulto , Animales , Enfermedad de Chagas/parasitología , Edema/parasitología , Fiebre/parasitología , Cefalea/parasitología , Humanos , Masculino , Enfermedades Desatendidas , Resultado del Tratamiento , Triatominae/parasitología

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: Collateral blood flow is accepted as a predictive factor of tissue fate in ischemic stroke. Thus, we aimed to evaluate a new method derived from MR perfusion source images to assess collateral flow in patients with ICA/MCA occlusions. METHODS: A total of 132 patients of the prospective 1000+ study were examined. MR perfusion source images were assessed according to Δimg_n = img_n + 1 - img_n - 1 using the five-grade Higashida collateral flow rating system. Higashida scores were correlated to mismatch (MM) volume, mismatch ratio, day 6 FLAIR lesion volumes and day 90 mRS. RESULTS: Patients with Higashida scores 3 and 4 had significantly lower admission NIHSS, smaller FLAIR day 6 lesion volumes (p < 0.001) and higher rates of better long-term outcome (mRS 0-2, p = 0.002). There was a linear trend for the association of Higashida grade 1 (p = 0.002) and 2 (p = 0.001) with unfavourable outcome (day 90 mRS 3-6), but no significant association was found for MM volume, MM ratio and day 90 mRS. Inter-rater agreement was 0.58 (95% CI 0.43-0.73) on day 1, 0.70 (95% CI 0.58-0.81) on day 2. CONCLUSION: sMRP-SI Higashida score offers a non-invasive collateral vessel and tissue perfusion assessment of ischemic tissue. The predictive value of Higashida rating proved superior to MM with regard to day 90 mRS. KEY POINTS: • Assessment of collateral flow using subtracted dynamic MR perfusion source imaging (sMRP-SI). • sMRP-SI offers additional information about morphological characteristics of ischemic brain tissue. • sMRP-SI collateral flow assessment proves superior to mismatch volume. • Better collateral flow was significantly associated with better outcome (day 90 mRS).

Asunto(s)

Isquemia Encefálica/patología , Circulación Colateral/fisiología , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/métodos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Arteria Cerebral Media/patología , Accidente Cerebrovascular/patología , Anciano , Encéfalo/irrigación sanguínea , Encéfalo/patología , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Problems arising from poor gingival and periodontal health in military personnel account for around 10% of the emergencies of oral origin during deployments and manoeuvres. Consequently, it is important to ascertain the prior oral health situation among Spanish military personnel. OBJECTIVE: To assess the periodontal health status and treatment needs of a population of Spanish Army personnel at the General Almirante Base at Marines, in the province of Valencia, and calculate the time required to cover the treatment needs of this population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational cross-sectional study of periodontal health status in a representative sample of the population in question. The community periodontal index (CPI) was used in accordance with WHO criteria. The sample comprised 387 subjects, selected by systematically sampling those attending the sick bay at the base for different reasons. The examinations were carried out by a single examiner; the intra-observer Kappa index was 0.83. Data collection began in December 2003 and ended in July 2004. RESULTS: All sextants were healthy in 7,2% of the sample. The most prevalent condition was the presence of calculus, especially in the younger population. 7.8% had 4-5 mm periodontal pockets and 2.3% had pockets of 6 mm or more, all in the over-25 age group. The women below 25 years of age were significantly more healthy than the men. The healthy sextants mean was 2.38, without differences by rank. Privates presented a significantly higher mean figure for sextants with bleeding, while officers and non-commissioned officers presented a higher average number of sextants with pockets. Practically every subject needed oral hygiene instructions and scaling and root planing but only 2.3%, all over 25 years old, required complex treatments. The estimated treatment time need is 1 hour per person per year.

Asunto(s)

Personal Militar , Enfermedades Periodontales/epidemiología , Enfermedades Periodontales/terapia , Índice Periodontal , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Necesidades y Demandas de Servicios de Salud , Humanos , Masculino , España

RESUMEN

No disponible

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Introduction: Problems arising from poor gingival and periodontal health in military personnel account for around 10% of the emergencies of oral origin during deployments and manoeuvres. Consequently, it is important to ascertain the prior oral health situation among Spanish military personnel.Objective: To assess the periodontal health status and treatment needs of a population of Spanish Army personnelat the General Almirante Base at Marines, in the province of Valencia, and calculate the time required to cover the treatment needs of this population.Materials and methods: Observational cross-sectional study of periodontal health status in a representative sample of the population in question. The community periodontal index (CPI) was used in accordance with WHO criteria. The sample comprised 387 subjects, selected by systematically sampling those attending the sick bay at the base for different reasons. The examinations were carried out by a single examiner; the intra-observer Kappa index was 0.83. Data collection began in December 2003 and ended in July 2004.Results: All sextants were healthy in 7,2% of the sample. The most prevalent condition was the presence of calculus, especially in the younger population. 7.8% had 4-5 mm periodontal pockets and 2.3% had pockets of 6 mm or more, all in the over-25 age group. The women below 25 years of age were significantly more healthy than the men. The healthy sextants mean was 2.38, without differences by rank. Privates presented a significantly higher mean figure for sextants with bleeding, while officers and non-commissioned officers presented a higher average number of sextants with pockets. Practically every subject needed oral hygiene instructions and scaling and root planing but only 2.3%, all over 25 years old, required complex treatments. The estimated treatment time need is 1 hour per person per year (AU)

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Índice Periodontal , Personal Militar/estadística & datos numéricos , Evaluación de Necesidades , Estudios Cruzados , Higiene Bucal/estadística & datos numéricos

RESUMEN

se presenta la incidencia y distribución de las causas de emergencias dentales en los militares españoles desplegados en Bosnia-Herzegovina (BiH). Definimos emergencia oral como las circunstancias que hacen que el soldado se ausente de su servicio o de su tiempo libre por una causa oral. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo longitudinal. El número de soldados españoles desplegados en BiH en la última semana del año 2000 y las primeras 8 semanas del año 2001 fue de 1063, y fueron tratados en el 2º escalón de Mostar-Aeropuerto, primer nivel de asistencia odontológica. En esos momentos en las exploraciones previas al despliegue no se clasificaba al contingente por su estado de salud oral. La tasa de incidencia fue de 304 asistencias/ 1000 personas/ año. Estas se distribuyeron de la siguiente forma: 39,3% por caries y restauraciones defectuosas, pulpitis y patología periapical 16,1%, gingivitis y periodontitis 16,1%, pericoronaritis 5,36%, complicaciones de exodoncias 1,79%, traumatismos 1,79%, fracturas dentales (sin trauma) 3,57%, lesiones de las mucosas 1,79%, dolor oro facial/ síntomas ATM 3,57%, causas protésicas 3,57%, hiper oclusión, trauma oclusal 5,36%. De estas emergencias el 57% podrían haberse evitado con un diagnostico y tratamiento oportuno previo. Por ello las estrategias de prevención son la clave, para poder en un futuro desplegar en situación de aptitud dental

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This study reports about dental emergency rates and cause distribution of Spanish military troops deployed in Bosnia Herzegovina (BiH). Oral emergency is defined as those circumstances that force soldiers away from their duties or free time due to oral problems. This is a descriptive longitudinal analysis of incidences. The number of Spanish soldiers deployed in BiH in the last weeks of 2000 and the first 8 weeks of the 2001 were 1063. The soldiers received oral care at the 2nd echelon posted in Mostar-Airport, the first level of dental assistance. At the time, and before deployment, the military personnel were examined but not classified according to their oral health status. The incidence rate was of 304 attendances per 1000 military personnel per year. The distribution was as follows: 39.3% presented defective restorations or caries, pulpitis and periapical pathology 16.1%, gingivitis and periodontitis 16.1%, pericoronaritis 5.36%, post extraction related complications 1.79%, traumatisms 1.79%, fractured teeth (without trauma) 3.57%, oral pathology 1.79%, oro-facial pain / TMJ symptoms 3.57%, prosthodontics 3.57%, hyper occlusion and occlusal trauma 5.36%. From these emergencies it was concluded that 57% could have been prevented with proper previous diagnosis and treatment. For this reason prevention strategies are the key to deploying a dentally fit unit in the future

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Atención Odontológica/estadística & datos numéricos , Odontología Militar/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades de la Boca/epidemiología , Atención Ambulatoria , Enfermedades de la Boca/prevención & control

RESUMEN

Objetivo: Determinar la utilidad de los estudios fibrobroncoscopicos realizados en pacientes con cáncer de esófago (CE), como confirmación de posible compromiso tráqueo-bronquial. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, en 226 pacientes con CE, en el INC entre 1991-1996, excluyendo los pacientes previamente radiotratados, con cirugía previa esofágica y con cáncer primario diferente al esofágico. Se analizaron los síntomas gastrointestinales, pulmonares y /o generales, antecendentes de fumador, localización del cáncer primario esofágico, tipo hitológico del tumor, hallazgos radiológicos (Rx), hallazgos fibrobroncoscópicos macroscópicos (FBC) y los resultados de las técnicas de biopsias endobronquiales o endotraqueal, lavado bronquial o broncoalveolar y/o cepillado bronquial. Resultados: Se incluyeron en el estudio 158 pacientes, 110 hombres y 48 mujeres, entre 32 y 83 años, con sintomatología promedio de 5.2 meses, siendo los más significativos tos, disfonía y expectoración. En cuanto a la ubicación del primario y la posibilidad de compromiso traqueobronquial se estableció que tenía significación estadística únicamente para los tumores del tercio superior incluyendo región cercival (OR=6.45) y el tipo histológico escamocelular (OR=6.41). En relación con la apariencia radiológica, que podría dar una orientación diagnóstica del compromiso, se encontró alguna relación con los nódulos parenquimatosos (OR=5.12) e infiltrados instersticiales (OR=4.48). Los hallazgos FBC más frecuentes fueron: apariencia normal, seguidos por hallazgos macroscópicos de la fístula (OR=25.09), infiltrado endobronquial (OR=4.48), masa intrínseca (OR=10.54), parálisis de cuerdas vocales (OR=5.46). Las regiones más afectadas fueron tráquea, grandes bronquios y cuerda vocales. Fueron positivos histopatológicamente sólo 17 pacientes (10.7 por ciento). Al analizar la utilidad de la FBC para diagnosticar compromiso traqueobronquial por CE se encontró una sensibilidad: 100 por ciento, especificidad 34.8 por ciento, valor predictivo positivo: 15.6 por ciento y valor predictivo negativo: 100 por ciento. Conclusiones: La FBC es un método muy sensible para detectar compromiso traqueobronquial infiltrativo por CE. La sintomatología, las alteraciones radiológicas y la ubicación del CE, tienen relación pero tienen menor sensibilidad

Asunto(s)

Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Broncoscopía , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patología , Broncoscopía/instrumentación , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas

RESUMEN

Se realiza esta investigación para determinar los microorganismos aislados en neonatos con hemocultivos positivos y valorar las sintomatologías, parámetros maternos y neonatales de recién nacidos admitidos con sospechas clínicas de sepsis en la Maternidad del Instituto Dominicano de seguros Sociales, en Santo Domingo. De 70 neonatos ingresados en salas de recién nacidos, 46 casos dieron hemocultivo positivo, aislándose Klebsiella-Enterobacter en el 58.7% de ellos, E. Coli en el 13% staphylococcus auereus en el 6.5%. Entre los parámetros maternos con cultivo de sangre positivo predomino el parto prematuro, mientras que en los neonatales predominó la prematuridad. El sexo masculino también fue predominante. Se concluye, al igual que en otros estudios nacionales, que los gérmenes gram negativos son aislados más frecuentemente en los neonatos con sospechas de sepsis, y que esto es debido al pobre saneamiento ambiental y las pobres condiciones socio-econômicas prevalecientes en los países llamados en vía de desarrollo

Asunto(s)

Recién Nacido , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Sepsis/microbiología , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/aislamiento & purificación , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificación , Escherichia coli/aislamiento & purificación , Klebsiella/aislamiento & purificación