RESUMEN
The development of multidrug-resistant bacteria has revealed the need for new antimicrobial compounds. Cannabis sativa preparations have a long history of medical applications, including the treatment of infectious diseases. This review collects the information about the activity of C. sativa extracts and its main components (cannabinoids and terpenes) against pathogenic bacteria and fungus, to assess its potential using as antimicrobial agents.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Infecciones Bacterianas/tratamiento farmacológico , Cannabis/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Cannabinoides/farmacología , Cannabinoides/uso terapéutico , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Permeabilidad de la Membrana Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Humanos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Terpenos/farmacología , Terpenos/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Antimicrobial resistance is a worldwide spread phenomenon that affects both human and veterinary medicine. This issue has led to a "One Health" approach in order to coordinate efforts and set back the development of drug-resistant microbes. In the search for alternatives therapies, bacteriocins or antimicrobial peptides have proven to be effective both in vitro and in vivo for multiples pathogens, even those resistant to many classic antibiotics. Gram-positive bacteriocins have been the most studied to the present. The use of bacteriocins as therapeutically active molecules is limited mainly due to difficulties in production, purification, delivery systems and regulatory approvals. To overcome some of these limitations, biotechnological and nanotechnological approaches are evaluated. Bacteriocins proved to be a good complement for conventional antibiotics therapy. Antimicrobial peptides are nowadays included in the veterinary products such as udder disinfectant for dairy cattle and dermatological medicated wipe for topical use on dogs, cats, and horses. But there are other potential uses to explore in the veterinary field for both companion and production animals.
Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/uso terapéutico , Bacteriocinas/uso terapéutico , Bacterias Grampositivas/efectos de los fármacos , Medicina Veterinaria , Medicina Veterinaria/métodosRESUMEN
Cystic echinococcosis (CE), which is caused during the metacestode larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus, is a life-threatening disease and is very difficult to treat. At present, the FDA-approved antihelmintic drugs are mebendazole (MBZ), albendazole (ABZ) and its principal metabolite ABZ sulfoxide (ABZSO), but as these have a therapeutic efficacy over 50%, underlining the need for new drug delivery systems. The aim of this work was the optimization and characterization of previously developed ABZ lipid nanocapsules (ABZ-LNCs) and evaluate their efficacy in mice infected with E. granulosus. LNCs were prepared by the phase inversion technique and characterized in terms of size, surface charge, drug loading, and in vitro stability followed by an in vivo proof-of-concept using a murine model infected with E. granulosus. Stable particle dispersions with a narrow size distribution and high efficiency of encapsulation (≥90%) were obtained. ABZ-LNCs showed a greater chemoprophylactic efficacy than ABZ suspension administered by the oral route as 4 out of the 10 ABZ-LNCs treated mice did not develop any cysts, whereas the infection progressed in all mice from the ABZ suspension group. Regarding the ultrastructural studies of cysts, mice treated with ABZ-LNCs or ABZ suspension revealed changes in the germinal layer. However, the extent of the damage appeared to be greater after ABZ-LNC administration compared to the suspension treatment. These results suggest that ABZ-LNCs could be a promising novel candidate for ABZ delivery to treat CE.
Asunto(s)
Albendazol/uso terapéutico , Anticestodos/uso terapéutico , Equinococosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Echinococcus granulosus/efectos de los fármacos , Albendazol/administración & dosificación , Albendazol/química , Animales , Anticestodos/administración & dosificación , Anticestodos/química , Bovinos , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Equinococosis/prevención & control , Echinococcus granulosus/ultraestructura , Femenino , Intestinos/química , Ratones , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Nanocápsulas/normas , Nanocápsulas/ultraestructura , Enfermedades Desatendidas/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Desatendidas/prevención & control , Tamaño de la Partícula , Polvos , Estómago/químicaRESUMEN
Argentina Biomedical Science has been historically strong. The development of Human and Veterinary Pharmacology in our country as a pivotal discipline has been acknowledged worldwide because of the quality of its contributions. Argentinean Society of Experimental Pharmacology (SAFE) is a non- profit association whose research fields include Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology. SAFE main goals are described as follow (a) To meet active researchers for studying concerns regarding Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (b) To launch an initiative for development of the discipline in mainly our country and other collaborative countries worldwide (c) To spread the pharmacological know-how obtained from different research teams (d) To strengthen relations between pharmacologists (e) To facilitate the presentation and discussion of scientific papers. This current article shows the SAFE's more important scientific contribution to pharmacology through its former research scientists to the present.
Asunto(s)
Farmacología/historia , Sociedades Científicas/historia , Animales , Investigación Biomédica , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , HumanosRESUMEN
Solid dispersions (SDs) containing the anthelmintic compound albendazole (ABZ) and either Pluronic 188 (P 188) or polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) as hydrophilic carriers were formulated. Drug-polymers interactions in solid state were investigated using different techniques. Only a 4% of total ABZ was dissolved at 5 min post-incubation, reaching dissolution rates of 32.8% (PEG 6000) and 69.4% (P 188) in SDs. In this way, P 188 was substantially more efficient as ABZ dissolution promoter in comparison to PEG 6000, especially at the initial stages of the dissolution processes (<30 min). An increased systemic availability (p < 0.001) was obtained when ABZ was administered as ABZ-P 188 SDs, with a 50% enhancement in systemic exposure (AUC values) compared to treatment with an ABZ suspension. Consistently, the Cmax increased 130% (p < 0.001) following treatment with P 188 based SD ABZ formulation. For the ABZ-PEG 6000 SD formulation, the favorable effect on ABZ systemic availability did not reached statistical significance compared to the control group. The study reported here showed the utility of pharmacokinetic assays performed on mice as a model for preliminary drug formulation screening studies.