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Introduction: the evidence on the health problem-related prevalence of COVID-19 is an emergency. Case report: we present the case of a 28-year-old woman who had had a behavioral eating disorder (BED) since age 12. Her body mass index (BMI) was 13.6 kg/m2. She was hospitalized for a respiratory condition (bronchospasm) due to COVID-19, with supplementary oxygen at two liters. During her stay, she refused food and was started on standard enteral nutrition via a naso-gastric tube. She developed refeeding syndrome (RFS), which was managed with electrolytes, and her enteral diet was changed to a low-carbohydrate high-protein diet. She received psychological therapy through video calls, recovered, and was discharged to home. Discussion: refeeding complications increase when a high caloric rate is begun. The standard enteral formula has 54% carbohydrates, which contributes to the risk of developing RFS. The consequences of BED and COVID-19 are unknown, and it is likely to become more evident over time. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 48. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2023.2626).
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In december 2019, a new disease erupted in Wuhan, China, caused by coronavirus 2019 (CO-VID-19), which produces severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). Some cases associate COVID-19 with autoimmune disorders; the role of this virus in autoimmunity is poorly understood. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder. Baricitinib is a Janus kinase inhibitor (JAK) approved for the treatment of autoimmune and inflam matory disorders, recently used for treating severe COVID-19 disease. We discuss four cases of SLE with COVID-19, two of whom were admitted to the intensive care unit and died, with a history of lupus nephritis; the following two cases survived. The risk fac tors which increase mortality in SLE are not yet known; however, lupus nephritis was associated with COVID-19 mortality. More studies are needed to understand the risk between autoimmune disorders and COVID-19. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 47. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2022.2551).
Desde diciembre de 2019 estalló en Wuhan, China, una nueva enfermedad causada por corona-virus 2019 (COVID-19), causante del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS-CoV-2). Algunos casos asocian al COVID-19 a trastornos autoinmunes, el papel de este virus en la autoinmunidad está poco dilucidada. El lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) es una enfermedad autoinmune. El baricitinib es una molécula inhibidora de quinasa de Janus (JAK) aprobada para el tratamiento de trastornos autoinmunitarios e inflamatorios, recientemente utilizado para el manejo de la enfermedad grave por COVID-19. Se trata de cuatro casos de LES con COVID-19, dos de las cuales ingresaron a la unidad de cuidados intensivos y fallecieron con antecedente de nefritis lúpica, los dos casos siguientes so brevivieron. Aún se desconocen los factores de riesgo que incrementan la mortalidad en LES; sin embargo, se asoció nefritis lúpica con mortalidad en COVID-19. Se requieren más estudios para comprender el riesgo entre las enfermedades autoinmunes y COVID-19. (Acta Med Colomb 2022; 47. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36104/amc.2022.2551).
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Abstract: Introduction: Among the patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, 14.6% were admitted to intensive care unit. this 29 to 75% required invasive mechanical ventilation with an associated mortality of 12 to 81%. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the most serious form of presentation. The pathophysiology of ARDS secondary to SARS-CoV-2 differs from conventional causes. It presents dysregulation in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, secondary acute pulmonary hypertension and microthrombotic phenomena. The development of refractory severe hypoxemia (PaO2 < 60 mmHg or PaO2/FiO2 < 100 mmHg, with FiO2 80 to 100%, with PEEP > 10 to 20 cmH2O for at least 10 to 12 hours) constitutes the scenario of maximum severity with an associated mortality of 71 to 94%. The use of rescue strategies that impact on the specific pathophysiology of this entity such as the use of inhaled nitric oxide, neuromuscular blockade and prone ventilation have emerged as therapeutic targets of interest. Protective mechanical ventilation (plateau pressure [Pplat] < 27 cmH2O and driving pressure [DP] < 15 cmH2O) continues to be the cornerstone of the management. Objectives: To determine whether there is an association between the use of inhaled nitric oxide and prone ventilation with ventilatory mechanics in patients with severe refractory hypoxemia secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Material and methods: A historical, retrospective, descriptive, comparative and retrolective cohort study was carried out. Data from the records of patients admitted to the Respiratory ICU of the ABC Medical Center with a diagnosis of ARDS secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection who required iNO and mechanical ventilation in prone from April 1 to December 31, 2020 were analyzed. A univariate analysis was performed, the statistical analysis was performed in SPSS v 21, measures of trend, dispersion were analyzed as well as the analysis of risk factors with Student's t test and χ2. Results: A total of 108 patients were analyzed, of which 54 received iNO, neuromuscular blockade and prone and 54 only neuromuscular blockade and prone ventilation. 81.5% (n = 88) were men. The most common comorbidity was diabetes mellitus in 51.9% (n = 56). The increase in oxygenation (delta PaO2/FiO2) was with a median of 31.9 ± 15.2 mmHg in the iNO group and 52.9 ± 16.74 mmHg in the control group (p = 0.001). The postintervention Pplat in the iNO group was 26.3 ± 3 and 34.5 ± 1.9 cmH2O in the control group (p = 0.792). The preintervention DP in the iNO group was 17.2 ± 3.9 and 13.4 ± 2.8 cmH2O in control group vs 13.1 ± 1.29 and 12 ± 1.92 cmH2O after the intervention (p = 0.001). Conclusions: The use of iNO in patients with severe hypoxemia refractory to prone ventilation and neuromuscular blockade did not produce a statistically significant improvement in oxygenation, however it allowed to reprogram the ventilatory support to keep the patient in goals of alveolar protection.
Resumo: Introdução: 14.6% dos pacientes infectados com SARS-CoV-2 são internados em terapia intensiva. Destes, 29 a 75% necessitam de ventilação mecânica invasiva com mortalidade associada de 12 a 81%. A síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo (SDRA) é a forma mais grave de apresentação. A fisiopatologia da SDRA secundária ao SARS-CoV-2 difere das causas convencionais. Apresenta desregulação na vasoconstrição pulmonar hipóxica, hipertensão pulmonar aguda secundária e fenômenos microtrombóticos. O desenvolvimento de hipoxemia grave refratária (PaO2 < 60 mmHg ou PaO2/FiO2 < 100 mmHg, com FiO2 de 80 a 100%, PEEP > 10 a 20 cmH2O por pelo menos 10 a 12 horas) constitui o cenário mais grave com mortalidade associada de 71 a 94%. O uso de estratégias de resgate que impactam na fisiopatologia específica dessa entidade, como o uso de óxido nítrico inalatório (NOi), bloqueio neuromuscular e ventilação prona, surgiram como alvos terapêuticos de interesse. A ventilação mecânica protetora (Pressão de Platô [PPLAT] < 27 cmH2O e Pressão de Condução [CP] < 15 cmH2O) continua sendo a base de seu manejo. Objetivo: Determinar se existe associação entre o uso de óxido nítrico inalatório e ventilação prona prolongada com mecânica ventilatória em pacientes com hipoxemia refratária grave secundária à infecção por SARS-CoV-2. Material e métodos: Realizou-se um estudo de coorte histórico, retrospectivo, descritivo, comparativo e retroletivo. Analisaram-se dados dos prontuários de pacientes internados na UTI Respiratória do Centro Médico ABC com diagnóstico de SDRA secundária à infecção por SARS-CoV-2 que necessitaram de óxido nítrico inalatório e ventilação mecânica prona no período de 1o de abril a 31 de dezembro de 2020. Realizou-se uma análise univariada , a análise estatística foi realizada no SPSS v 21, foram analisadas as medidas de tendência e dispersão, assim como a análise dos fatores de risco com teste t de Student e χ2. Resultados: Analisaram-se 108 pacientes, dos quais 54 receberam NOi, bloqueio neuromuscular e prono e 54 apenas bloqueio neuromuscular e ventilação prona. 81.5% (n = 88) eram homens. A comorbidade mais comum foi diabetes mellitus em 51.9% (n = 56). O aumento da oxigenação (Delta PaO2/FiO2) foi com mediana de 31.9 ± 15.2 mmHg no grupo NOi e 52.9 ± 16.74 mmHg no grupo controle (p = 0.001). A PPLAT após a intervenção no grupo NOi foi de 26.3 ± 3 e 34.5 ± 1.9 cmH2O no grupo controle (p = 0.792). A PC antes da intervenção no grupo NOi foi de 17.2 ± 3.9 e 13.4 ± 2.8 cmH2O no grupo controle vs 13.1 ± 1.29 e 12 ± 1.92 cmH2O após a intervenção (p = 0.001). Conclusões: O uso de NOi em pacientes com hipoxemia grave refratária à ventilação em pronação e bloqueio neuromuscular não produziu melhora estatisticamente significativa na oxigenação, porém permitiu que o suporte ventilatório fosse reprogramado para manter as metas de proteção alveolar do paciente.
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Academic achievement, measured with the grade point average (GPA), is a stable characteristic that has been associated with many sociodemographic and psychological variables; however, the relation of these variables with GPA has not been totally elucidated. The objective of this study was to perform an association of health, psychological and personal variables with GPA and non-verbal intelligence in low-academic performance population according to sex. We invited health sciences university students who had failed the same subject twice to complete a set of sociodemographic and psychological variables and a non-verbal intelligence test. The GPA, admission exam test and preparatory GPA were obtained. We included 124 students, and found that GPA was associated with non-verbal intelligence in women but not in men; in whom, having a job and having a romantic partner, were more correlated. In women, positive relations with others, emotion perception and weekly physical activity hours were marginally correlated with GPA; while in men, emotion regulation and self-motivation had a tendency of correlation with GPA. In addition, we found that non-verbal intelligence was associated somatization and the number of diseases in women. Academic achievement is regulated by different variables in each sex; therefore, intervention programs addressed by sex are needed to increase it.
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Éxito Académico , Evaluación Educacional , Escolaridad , Femenino , Humanos , Inteligencia , Masculino , Estudiantes/psicología , UniversidadesRESUMEN
Introducción: Uno de los derivados de los clorofenoles más utilizado en Estomatología, lo constituye el p-clorofenol (4-clorofenol), empleado como agente antibacteriano en la desinfección del conducto radicular durante el tratamiento pulporradicular. Son escasos los reportes científicos sobre sus efectos en la musculatura lisa vascular arterial y la regulación del flujo sanguíneo local. Objetivo: Determinar el efecto del 4-clorofenol sobre el músculo liso vascular de aorta abdominal de ratas Wistar. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una investigación experimental preclínica, utilizando 30 anillos de aorta abdominal (porción superior) obtenidos de ratas Wistar adultas. Las preparaciones de unos 5 mm se colocaron en baño de órganos, registrándose la tensión desarrollada por el músculo liso vascular tras la adición de 4-clorofenol en diferentes concentraciones y durante diferentes intervalos de tiempo. Resultados: El 4-clorofenol, tras la preactivación del musculo liso vascular de anillos de aorta abdominal, indujo relajación del vaso, la que se incrementó durante todo el tiempo de estudio y al aumento de la concentración del medicamento. Existieron diferencias significativas entre los valores de tensión promedios registrados en los diferentes intervalos de tiempo con los de la tensión base inicial. Conclusiones: El p-clorofenol indujo in vitro, relajación del músculo liso vascular de aorta abdominal de ratas Wistar(AU)
Introduction: In Dentistry, p-chlorophenol (4-chlorophenol) is one of the most widely used derivatives of chlorophenols. It is used as an antibacterial agent in root canal disinfection during pulp-radicular treatment. There are few scientific reports on its effects on vascular smooth musculature and the regulation of local blood flow. Objective: To determine the effect of 4-chlorophenol on vascular smooth muscle of abdominal aorta from Wistar rats. Material and Methods: A preclinical experimental research was carried out using 30 abdominal aortic rings (upper portion) obtained from adult Wistar rats. The preparations of about 5 mm were placed in an organ bath, recording the tension developed by the vascular smooth muscle after the addition of 4-chlorophenol at different concentrations and during different time intervals. Results: The results demonstrate that 4-Chlorophenol induced vasorelaxation after the preactivation of the vascular smooth muscle of the abdominal aortic rings, which increased during the entire study time and with increased drug concentration. There were significant differences among average tension values registered at different intervals of time in relation to the initial base tension. Conclusions: It is concluded that in vitro, p-chlorophenol induced relaxation of abdominal aorta vascular smooth muscle in Wistar rats(AU)
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Ratas , Medicina Oral , Odontología , Antibacterianos , Músculo Liso Vascular , Técnicas In Vitro , Clorofenoles/uso terapéutico , Cromatografía de Gases/métodos , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans (PGs) are major components of the glycocalyx. The secreted GAG and CD44 ligand hyaluronic acid (HA), and the cell surface PG syndecan-1 (Sdc-1) modulate the expression and activity of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and adhesion molecules, acting as critical regulators of tumor cell behavior. Here, we studied the effect of Sdc-1 siRNA depletion and HA treatment on hallmark processes of cancer in breast cancer cell lines of different levels of aggressiveness. We analyzed HA synthesis, and parameters relevant to tumor progression, including the stem cell phenotype, Wnt signaling constituents, cell cycle progression and apoptosis, and angiogenic markers in luminal MCF-7 and triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells. Sdc-1 knockdown enhanced HAS-2 synthesis and HA binding in MCF-7, but not in MDA-MB-231 cells. Sdc-1-depleted MDA-MB-231 cells showed a reduced CD24-/CD44+ population. Furthermore, Sdc-1 depletion was associated with survival signals in both cell lines, affecting cell cycle progression and apoptosis evasion. These changes were linked to the altered expression of KLF4, MSI2, and miR-10b and differential changes in Erk, Akt, and PTEN signaling. We conclude that Sdc-1 knockdown differentially affects HA metabolism in luminal and triple-negative breast cancer model cell lines and impacts the stem phenotype, cell survival, and angiogenic factors.
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Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Glicocálix/metabolismo , Ácido Hialurónico/metabolismo , Sindecano-1/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/genética , Vía de Señalización Wnt/genética , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/genética , Antígeno CD24/genética , Antígeno CD24/metabolismo , Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Ciclo Celular/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Bases de Datos Factuales , Femenino , Glicocálix/química , Glicocálix/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Receptores de Hialuranos/genética , Receptores de Hialuranos/metabolismo , Hialuronano Sintasas/genética , Hialuronano Sintasas/metabolismo , Ácido Hialurónico/farmacología , Factor 4 Similar a Kruppel , Factores de Transcripción de Tipo Kruppel/genética , Factores de Transcripción de Tipo Kruppel/metabolismo , Células MCF-7 , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Proteína Quinasa 1 Activada por Mitógenos/genética , Proteína Quinasa 1 Activada por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Proteína Quinasa 3 Activada por Mitógenos/genética , Proteína Quinasa 3 Activada por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Fosfohidrolasa PTEN/genética , Fosfohidrolasa PTEN/metabolismo , Unión Proteica , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , ARN Interferente Pequeño/genética , ARN Interferente Pequeño/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/genética , Proteínas de Unión al ARN/metabolismo , Análisis de Supervivencia , Sindecano-1/antagonistas & inhibidores , Sindecano-1/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/mortalidad , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/patologíaRESUMEN
Objetivo: identificar el nivel de ansiedad según las características sociodemográficas de los adultos en aislamiento social obligatorio por COVID-19 en un barrio de una ciudad de Perú. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, desarrollado durante una parte del período de aislamiento social obligatorio en el Perú (marzo-junio). El instrumento fue entregado a domicilio y recogido en el domicilio del participante o enviado al correo electrónico del investigador entre el día 7 y 12 del aislamiento. Con una población de 142 adultos, la muestra estuvo compuesta por 67 participantes. Se identificó los niveles de ansiedad mediante la Escala de Autoevaluación de la Ansiedad de Zung (1971) y un cuestionario con nueve variables sociodemográficas. Resultados: la ansiedad alcanzó al 43,3 % de los participantes, 20,9 % presentan ansiedad leve, 13,4 % moderada y 9 % severa. El nivel de ansiedad según variables sociodemográficas fue más frecuente en el sexo femenino, en personas de 40 o más años, casados/convivientes y divorciados/separados, en los que llevan entre 10 y 12 días de aislamiento, cuando se está en compañía de alguien, cuando hay afectación económica o cuando no se realizan actividades distractoras. Conclusión: los niveles de ansiedad durante una pandemia pueden llegar a reducirse cuando la duración del aislamiento es lo más corta posible, la persona recibe información precisa, se informa de medios de comunicación confiables, cuenta con el suministro suficiente para disminuir la frecuencia de salidas, tiene una situación financiera estable, realiza actividades lúdico/recreativas y cuando mejora la comunicación (física o virtual).
Objetivo: identificar o nível de ansiedade de acordo com as características sociodemográficas de adul-tos em isolamento social obrigatório pela Covid-19 em um bairro de uma cidade no Peru. Materiais e métodos: estudo transversal descritivo, desenvolvido durante o isolamento social obrigatório no Peru (de março a junho). O instrumento foi entregue em casa e coletado em casa ou enviado ao e-mail do investigador entre os dias 7 e 12 de isolamento. Com uma população de 142 adultos e uma amostra de 67 participantes. Os níveis de ansiedade foram identificados a partir da Escala de Autoavaliação de Ansiedade de Zung (1971) e de um questionário com nove variáveis sociodemográficas. Resultados:a ansiedade atingiu 43,3 % dos participantes, 20,9 % apresentam ansiedade leve, 13,4 % mode-rada e 9 % grave. O nível de ansiedade segundo as variáveis sociodemográficas foi mais frequente no sexo feminino, em pessoas com 40 anos de idade ou mais, casados/morando juntos e divorciados/separados, nos que passaram de 10 a 12 dias de isolamento, na companhia de alguém, quando há afetação econômica ou quando não realizam atividades recreativas. Conclusão: os níveis de ansiedade durante uma pandemia podem ser reduzidos quando a duração do isolamento é a mais curta possível, a pessoa recebe informações precisas, é informada por meios confiáveis de comunicação, possui suprimentos suficientes para reduzir a frequência de saídas, tem uma situação financeira estável, realiza atividades recreativas e quando melhora a comunicação (física ou virtual).
Objective: To identify the anxiety level of adults in compulsory social isolation by COVID-19 in a neighborhood of a city in Peru based on participants' sociodemographic characteristics. Materials and methods:Descriptive cross-sectional study developed during compulsory social isolation in Peru (March-June). The instrument was delivered to participants' homes, and collected either at their residence or sent to the researcher's email between the 7th and 12th day of isolation. With a population of 142 adults, the sample comprised 67 participants. Anxiety levels were identified using Zung's Self-Assessment Anxiety Scale (1971) and a questionnaire containing nine sociodemographic variables. Results: Anxiety reached 43.3 % of participants, 20.9 % of them presented mild anxiety levels, 13.4 % moderate, and 9 % severe. The anxiety level according to sociodemographic variables was more frequent in female respondents, people aged 40 and over, those married/living together and divorced/separated, those who have been from 10 to 12 days in isolation, those who are in the company of someone, subjects affected by economic limitations, or respondents who do not engage in distracting activities. Conclusion: Anxiety levels during a pandemic can be reduced when the length of isolation is as short as possible, the person receives accurate information, is informed by reliable means of communication, has sufficient supplies to reduce the frequency of outings, has a stable financial situation, carries out recreational activities, and when communication (physical or virtual) improves.
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Humanos , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Salud , Salud Mental , Salud Pública , Pandemias , COVID-19RESUMEN
Over the past few decades, understanding how tumor cells evade the immune system and their communication with their tumor microenvironment, has been the subject of intense investigation, with the aim of developing new cancer immunotherapies. The current therapies against cancer such as monoclonal antibodies against checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive T-cell transfer, cytokines, vaccines, and oncolytic viruses have managed to improve the clinical outcome of the patients. However, in some tumor entities, the response is limited and could benefit from the identification of novel therapeutic targets. It is known that tumor-extracellular matrix interplay and matrix remodeling are necessary for anti-tumor and pro-tumoral immune responses. Proteoglycans are dominant components of the extracellular matrix and are a highly heterogeneous group of proteins characterized by the covalent attachment of a specific linear carbohydrate chain of the glycosaminoglycan type. At cell surfaces, these molecules modulate the expression and activity of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, adhesion molecules, and function as signaling co-receptors. By these mechanisms, proteoglycans influence the behavior of cancer cells and their microenvironment during the progression of solid tumors and hematopoietic malignancies. In this review, we discuss why cell surface proteoglycans are attractive pharmacological targets in cancer, and we present current and recent developments in cancer immunology and immunotherapy utilizing proteoglycan-targeted strategies.
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Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Proteoglicanos/metabolismo , Animales , Antineoplásicos Inmunológicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Biomarcadores de Tumor , Metabolismo de los Hidratos de Carbono , Membrana Celular/inmunología , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Matriz Extracelular , Glicosaminoglicanos , Humanos , Inmunomodulación/efectos de los fármacos , Inmunoterapia , Terapia Molecular Dirigida , Neoplasias/etiología , Neoplasias/inmunología , Neoplasias/terapia , Proteoglicanos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteoglicanos/inmunología , Linfocitos T/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Linfocitos T/metabolismo , Microambiente Tumoral/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of delirium and its risk factors among critically ill cancer patients in an intensive care unit (ICU). Materials and Methods: This is a prospective cohort study. The Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) was measured daily at morning to diagnose delirium by a physician. Delirium was diagnosed when the daily was positive during a patient's ICU stay. All patients were followed until they were discharged from the ICU. Using logistic regression, we estimated potential risk factors for developing delirium. The primary outcome was the development of ICU delirium. Results: There were 109 patients included in the study. Patients had a mean age of 48.6 ± 18.07 years, and the main reason for admission to the ICU was septic shock (40.4%). The incidence of delirium was 22.9%. The mortality among all subjects was 15.6%; the mortality rate in patients who developed delirium was 12%. The only variable that had an association with the development of delirium in the ICU was the days of use of mechanical ventilation (OR: 1.06; CI 95%: 0.99-1.13;p=0.07). Conclusion: Delirium is a frequent condition in critically ill cancer patients admitted to the ICU. The duration in days of mechanical ventilation is potential risk factors for developing delirium during an ICU stay. Delirium was not associated with a higher rate of mortality in this group of patients.
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Enfermedad Crítica/epidemiología , Delirio/epidemiología , Neoplasias/complicaciones , Neoplasias/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios de Cohortes , Delirio/diagnóstico , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
Resumen El presente trabajo expone una revisión de las raíces y el desarrollo del estudio e investigación sobre comportamiento alimentario (CA). Se destacan las aportaciones iniciales y algunas otras que le han venido dotando de identidad a esta área de estudio. Entre ellas, el señalamiento de la conducta como medio indispensable para mantener el estado de equilibrio en los organismos, y el papel del aprendizaje como determinante de la preferencia, la selección y el consumo de alimento. Posteriormente se presentan los argumentos que establecen al CA como elemento integrador del conocimiento que sobre alimentación han generado otras áreas de la ciencia. Finalmente se puntualizan los principales retos a enfrentar por parte de los académicos dedicados al estudio e investigación sobre CA, y se pondera el papel de la educación en alimentación y nutrición como la solución óptima a las problemáticas alimentarias.
Abstract The present work provides a review of the basis and development of the study and research on feeding behavior (FB). Initial contributions and those that gave identity to this field are highlighted. Among them, the behavior is approached as an essential mean to maintain the state of balance in the organisms, as well as the role of learning as a determinant of food preference, selection and consumption. Subsequently, are presented the arguments that establish FB as an element that integrate the knowledge related to feeding generated by other areas of science. Finally, are stated the main challenges for academics dedicated to the study and research of FB and the role of education on food and nutrition as an optimal solution for food problems.
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Breast cancer (BrC) is a major public health problem worldwide. The intra-tumoral heterogeneity and tumor cell plasticity importantly contribute to disease progression and treatment failure. However, the dynamic interactions between different tumor clones, as well as their contribution to tumor aggressiveness are still poorly understood. In this study, we provide evidence of a lateral transmission of aggressive features between aggressive and non-aggressive tumor cells, consisting of gain of expression of cancer stem cell markers, increased expression of CXCL12 receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 and increased invasiveness in response to CXCL12, which correlated with high levels of secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators G-CSF, GM-CSF, MCP-1, IL-8 and metalloproteinases 1 and 2 by the aggressive cells. Noteworthy, we found no evidence of a TGF-ß participation in the inducible-invasive phenotype. Altogether, our results provide evidence of communication between tumor cells with different potentials for aggressiveness, which could influence intra-tumoral population dynamics promoting the emergence of clones with novel functions. Understanding these interactions will provide better targets for diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic strategies.
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Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Evolución Clonal/genética , Heterogeneidad Genética , Invasividad Neoplásica/genética , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Linaje de la Célula/genética , Movimiento Celular , Proliferación Celular/genética , Quimiocina CXCL12/genética , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Invasividad Neoplásica/patología , Receptores CXCR/genética , Receptores CXCR4/genética , Transducción de Señal , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/genéticaRESUMEN
Macrophages facilitate breast cancer progression. Macrophages were initially classified as M1 or M2 based on their distinct metabolic programs and then expanded to include antitumoral (M1) and protumoral (M2) activities. However, it is still uncertain what markers define the pro- and antitumoral phenotypes and what conditions lead to their formation. In this study, monocytic cell lines and primary monocytes were subjected to commonly reported protocols of M1/M2 polarization and conditions known to engage monocytes into protumoral functions. The results showed that only IDO enzyme and CD86 M1 markers were upregulated correlating with M1 polarization. TNF-α, CCR7, IL-10, arginase I, CD36, and CD163 were expressed indistinguishably from M1 or M2 polarization. Similarly, protumoral engaging resulted in upregulation of both M1 and M2 markers, with conditioned media from the most aggressive breast cancer cell line promoting the greatest changes. In spite of the mixed phenotype, M1-polarized macrophages exhibited the highest expression/secretion of inflammatory mediators, many of which have previously been associated with breast cancer aggressiveness. These data argue that although the existence of protumoral macrophages is unquestionable, their associated phenotypes and the precise conditions driving their formation are still unclear, and those conditions may need both M1 and M2 stimuli.
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Diferenciación Celular , Macrófagos/fisiología , Monocitos/fisiología , Arginasa/genética , Antígeno B7-2/genética , Ligando CD30/genética , Antígenos CD36/genética , Diferenciación Celular/inmunología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/genética , Femenino , Citometría de Flujo , Humanos , Indolamina-Pirrol 2,3,-Dioxigenasa/genética , Interleucina-10/genética , Macrófagos/clasificación , Macrófagos/inmunología , Fenotipo , Receptores CCR7/genética , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genética , Células U937 , Regulación hacia ArribaRESUMEN
A descriptive, cross-sectional study is presented whose objective was to determine the level of knowledge about and the attitudes toward open access journals among Cuban health researchers. To this end, a printed questionnaire was distributed between March and June 2007 to a group of researchers from Cuban national health institutes, who were chosen through stratified random sampling (160 researchers from 11 institutes). Variables included level of information about Open Access Movement terms and initiatives; papers published in open access journals; and reasons to publish, or not to publish, papers in such journals. Descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and correspondence analysis were done using the SPSS statistical software, version 10.0 for Windows. Little knowledge of open access journals and other Open Access Movement terms and initiatives, and little use of open access journals as a publication means, were observed. Key words: Open access journals; Cuba; research institutes; Open Access Movement.
RESUMEN
Se hizo un estudio tipo descriptivo-retrospectivo para caracterizar clínicamente a los pacientes a los cuales se les realizó esofagogastroduodenoscopia por presentar sangrado digestivo alto en los servicios de gastroenterología de los hospitales clinicoquirúrgicos "10 de Octubre" y "Miguel Enríquez" en los últimos 6 meses del año 1999. Se halló predominio del sangrado digestivo en el sexo femenino (64,11 por ciento) y en el grupo de pacientes con edades de 60 años y más (48,32 por ciento). La causa más frecuente de hemorragia fue la úlcera duodenal (38,27 por ciento), la melena fue la más común (50,7 por ciento). El estadio de Forrest IIc predominó en los pacientes con úlcera y gran número de pacientes presentó antecedentes personales, el más frecuente fue el consumo de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/diagnóstico , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiología , Úlcera Duodenal/complicaciones , Endoscopía del Sistema Digestivo/métodos , Melena/complicacionesRESUMEN
Se hizo un estudio tipo descriptivo-retrospectivo para caracterizar clínicamente a los pacientes a los cuales se les realizó esofagogastroduodenoscopia por presentar sangrado digestivo alto en los servicios de gastroenterología de los hospitales clinicoquirúrgicos "10 de Octubre" y "Miguel Enríquez" en los últimos 6 meses del año 1999. Se halló predominio del sangrado digestivo en el sexo femenino (64,11 por ciento) y en el grupo de pacientes con edades de 60 años y más (48,32 por ciento). La causa más frecuente de hemorragia fue la úlcera duodenal (38,27 por ciento), la melena fue la más común (50,7 por ciento). El estadio de Forrest IIc predominó en los pacientes con úlcera y gran número de pacientes presentó antecedentes personales, el más frecuente fue el consumo de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Endoscopía del Sistema Digestivo/métodos , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal , Melena , Úlcera Duodenal/complicacionesRESUMEN
Con el monitoreo de 176 pacientes, los cuales se subdividieron en 4 grupos de acuerdo a las características de los mismos así como datos de su Historia Clínica previa recopilación de fichas de datos. Estos subgrupos fueron de 76 pacientes que recibían terapia con antitromboliticos; 27 pacientes con antecedentes de infartos o los llamados pacientes nuevos y 20 pacientes que además de presentar infarto tenían diagnóstico de Angina inestable. Se tomaronmuestras séricas de cada uno de los pacientes en un protocolo de trabajo de 0, 4, 24 y 48 horas para elaborar perfiles cardiacos con el dosaje de Troponina I cardíaca y CK-MB. Luego de los análisis estadísticos y la elaboración de gráficos comparemos los resultados y se consluye con una confirmación que nos permite decir que la Troponina I cardíaca es mejor que la CK-MB sin quitarle a esta última su valor diagnóstico que tiene a lo largo de los años en los protocolos de trabajo.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Creatinina , MiocardioRESUMEN
La violencia familiar es un problema de salud pública, que amenaza seriamente las posibilidades de desarrollo de las personas, atentando contra su vida y condición humana. Este fenómeno se caracteriza por ser multidimensional y multifactorial, tiene implicancias culturales, sociales, políticas y personales en su etiología. Entre sus factores podemos citar: el factor a nivel individual, micro, meso y macro, estos factores interactúan reforzándose, no se dan independientemente.
Family violence is a problem of public health, that is threating seriously the posibility of a safe personal development involved attempting against their life and their human condition. This phenomenon is characterize by being multifactorial and multidimensional; it has cultural, social, politics and personal implications in it's etiology. Among it'a factors we can notice: a individual factor, at micro, meso and macro levels; these interact rewarding each other, they don't appear independently. This view of the problem, allows to think that the boarden of family violence has to be multisectorial and with an active participation.
Asunto(s)
Masculino , Femenino , Humanos , Colaboración Intersectorial , Planes y Programas de Salud , Violencia Doméstica , Violencia Doméstica/prevención & control , PerúRESUMEN
Se propone que el bioensayo realizado por el equipo de Profesionales, sea una rutina previa a la limpieza de envases contenedores de residuos especiales o peligrosos. Este trabajo fué solicitado por el yacimiento "Entre Lomas" de la empresa Petrolera Peréz Compac