RESUMEN
Few data are available regarding the incidence of cervical spine injuries following relatively low-impact blunt trauma. This prospective level II trauma center study of low-impact blunt trauma found a 1.30% incidence of cervical spine injury. Impressive differences were found in such parameters as population characteristics, modes of injury, elapsed times to emergency department evaluation, and Revised Trauma Scores between this study group and those reported in prospective level I high-impact blunt trauma series. Cervical spine injury in low-impact blunt trauma is significant and often presents less than dramatically, thus emphasizing a need for maintaining a high index of suspicion at all times.
Asunto(s)
Lesiones por Latigazo Cervical/epidemiología , Accidentes de Tránsito/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios Transversales , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Índices de Gravedad del Trauma , Lesiones por Latigazo Cervical/diagnóstico , Lesiones por Latigazo Cervical/etiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The treatment of patients with stage I endometrial adenocarcinoma is often shorter and less expensive if total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH), bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO), and therapeutic lymphadenectomy are used rather than TAH, BSO, pelvic lymph node sampling, and pelvic external beam radiation. We studied whether the survival and morbidity of patients treated with therapeutic lymphadenectomy are equal to or better than with these alternative treatments. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of patients with stage I endometrial adenocarcinoma who were enrolled in the MetroHealth Medical Center tumor registry between 1970 and 1993 after undergoing full pelvic lymph node dissection, in addition to total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and vaginal brachytherapy. The mean number of resected nodes was 33 (median, 31; interquartile range, 19). Patients were followed for 1. 6-20 years (median, 8 years; interquartile range, 5.8 years). Morbidity and survival rates were compared to published series using similar treatment strategies and to those from studies using pelvic external beam radiation and pelvic lymph node sampling rather than lymphadenectomy. RESULTS: Of 192 patients with pathologic stage I (FIGO 1988) endometrial adenocarcinoma, 178 patients had full pelvic lymph node dissection; 159 patients were evaluable. The 15-year overall survival was 98%; 10- and 15- year disease-free survivals were 96 and 94%, respectively. Overall morbidity was 18% (29/159), and moderate-to-severe morbidity was 13% (21/159). Recurrences were seen in 4.4% (7/159) of patients. Grade and myometrial invasion were not significant predictors of disease-free survival after full pelvic lymph node dissection (grade, P = 0.42; stage, P = 0.67). The results compare favorably with those of similar studies and with studies of pelvic external beam radiation. CONCLUSIONS: Primary surgical management with total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, therapeutic pelvic lymphadenectomy, and vaginal brachytherapy is a viable and possibly preferable option for patients with stage I endometrial adenocarcinoma.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/patología , Adenocarcinoma/cirugía , Neoplasias Endometriales/patología , Neoplasias Endometriales/cirugía , Escisión del Ganglio Linfático , Adenocarcinoma/radioterapia , Braquiterapia , Terapia Combinada , Neoplasias Endometriales/radioterapia , Femenino , Humanos , Histerectomía/métodos , Metástasis Linfática , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ovariectomía , Pelvis , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The authors reviewed their experience with 542 patients with breast cancer who were treated with conservative surgery and radiation therapy (CSRT) and analyzed the outcome in those patients whose tumors could not be detected with mammography. Fifty-five of the patients (10.1%) had a palpable, pathologically confirmed breast carcinoma and a negative preoperative mammogram. Routine follow-up included annual mammography and physical examination. The local recurrence, 5-year actuarial survival, and 5-year disease-free survival rates for these 55 patients did not differ significantly from those for patients with positive mammograms. There were six cases of local breast recurrence in this subgroup. Four of five cases were visible on mammograms (one patient did not undergo mammography at the time of recurrence); two of the cases were detected with mammography alone following physical examination with negative results. The authors conclude that patients with palpable but mammographically occult early-stage breast cancer are suitable candidates for CSRT and that mammography is a mandatory part of follow-up of conservatively treated patients.