RESUMEN
The nonverbal communication of man and chimpanzee has been studied. Sexual dimorphism of nonverbal communication patterns, which is connected with the definite contexts of behavior are revealed. Possible ways of evolution in communication systems i shown. This analysis will permit to apply the data of ethological investigation of nonverbal behavior as sexual marker in diagnosis of different groups of mentally ill patients.
Asunto(s)
Comunicación Animal , Comunicación no Verbal/psicología , Pan troglodytes/psicología , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Cinésica , Masculino , Psicología del Esquizofrénico , Caracteres SexualesRESUMEN
The authors compared the efficacy of unilateral electroconvulsive therapy in schizophrenia in relation to the leading syndrome and the place of electrode application. In controlling the affective and catatonic syndromes the best effect was achieved when the electrodes were applied to the non-dominant hemisphere. In delirious, hallucinatory-delirious and hallucinatory syndromes, the maximal effect was achieved by the application of electrodes to the dominant hemisphere. The relationship between the effect of local electroconvulsive therapy and the semiotics of the syndromes allows making the most rational use of unilateral electroconvulsive therapy in the differential treatment of schizophrenia.
Asunto(s)
Terapia Electroconvulsiva/métodos , Esquizofrenia/terapia , Adulto , Automatismo/terapia , Deluciones/terapia , Dominancia Cerebral , Femenino , Alucinaciones/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Esquizofrenia Catatónica/terapia , Esquizofrenia Paranoide/terapia , SíndromeRESUMEN
The differentiation of psychotic and non-psychotic forms of alcoholism on the basis of the epidemiological data on some clinical characteristics of alcohol pathology over the period of 1975-1982 has shown that the pathomorphism of the clinical manifestations of alcoholism and alcoholic psychosis depends on a complex of social and biological factors. A more considerable involvement of biological factors in determining the age of the onset of alcohol psychoses has been demonstrated. The clinico-anthropometric and clinico-statistical studies of 230 alcoholics of two age groups with a history of delirium tremens has prompted the conclusion as to a considerable influence of the age factor on the change in the clinical picture of the disease and its progression.
Asunto(s)
Delirio por Abstinencia Alcohólica/diagnóstico , Psicosis Alcohólicas/diagnóstico , Factores de Edad , Delirio por Abstinencia Alcohólica/epidemiología , Computadores , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Psicosis Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Estadística como Asunto , UcraniaAsunto(s)
Etología/métodos , Psiquiatría/métodos , Adaptación Psicológica , Animales , Conducta Animal , Evolución Biológica , Democracia , Trastorno Depresivo/psicología , Genética Conductual/tendencias , Humanos , Trastornos Neuróticos/psicología , Trastornos de la Personalidad/psicología , Teoría Psicológica , Psicología Comparada/tendencias , Psicología del Esquizofrénico , Socialización , Especificidad de la EspecieRESUMEN
Clinico-anthropometric investigation of 300 patients suffering from paranoid schizophrenia has been carried out. The results of a correlation analysis of anthropometric characteristics and of an analysis of manifestation age of schizophrenia showed that the closest connection of the traits studied exists in the group of females with the attack-like paranoid schizophrenia. The data are interpreted as the confirmation of the X-chromosome effect in schizophrenia and of interaction between the locus system of schizophrenia and the morphotype system.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento , Marcadores Genéticos , Esquizofrenia Paranoide/genética , Adulto , Antropometría , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis de Regresión , Factores Sexuales , Cromosoma X/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
On the basis of comparing the clinical forms of schizophrenia in 132 "parents--children" pairs and 104 pairs of sibs (of 200 families with aggravated heredity) the authors have shown that the discordance phenomenon is associated with the characteristics of the catatonic and simple forms of schizophrenia and the periodic and paroxysmal course of the process, the facts, that prove the phylogenetic connection of the forms and types of the schizophrenia course. The discordance data are in agreement with a chronological random analysis of the schizophrenia diagnoses (with regard to the forms of the disease and the type of its course) made in 1961 to 1976 The diminution of the number of patients with the paroxysmal course of the process and with the catatonic form observed in the last years can be understood from the standpoint of the evolutionary-genetic hypothesis of schizophrenia.
Asunto(s)
Esquizofrenia/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Esquizofrenia Catatónica/genética , Esquizofrenia Hebefrénica/genética , Esquizofrenia Paranoide/genéticaRESUMEN
A study of the clinical concordancy in 410 schizophrenic patients (sibs and parents -- children) detected the most frequent coinciding traits of the disease in the sibs and parent -- children pairs. The following traits were attributed to the coinciding features: premorbid schizoid personality traits, a short initial period, a pseudopsychopath syndrome in the initial period, paranoid manifest symptomatology, paranoid form of schizophrenia, a continuous progressive development of the process, apathico-abulic defect symptomatology. It was demonstrated that the variance of traits in the clinical picture of schizophrenia in hereditary loaded families is subjected to the impact of such factors as sex, age, supplementary hereditary loading by psychoses, exogenous factors.
Asunto(s)
Esquizofrenia/genética , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Personalidad , Remisión Espontánea , Esquizofrenia Catatónica/genética , Esquizofrenia Hebefrénica/genética , Esquizofrenia Paranoide/genética , Factores Sexuales , SíndromeRESUMEN
A special statistic method of confrontation of diseases with aggravation hereditary in the group "parents - children" is proposed. This method can be used under clinical formalization of the diseases. It is shown on a model group parents - children (118 pairs) suffering with schizophrenia, that statistical confrontation makes possible to work out group and individual prognoses in the descending generation. It is found that invariability in the descending generation is provided by a small number of stable indices, other symptoms being variable. Statistic description of the disease symptoms in the descending generation is of interest for planning genetic interpretation.
Asunto(s)
Modelos Biológicos , Esquizofrenia Infantil/genética , Esquizofrenia/genética , Adulto , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Pronóstico , Estadística como AsuntoRESUMEN
Peculiarities of the clinical picture of schizophrenia were studied in a group of patients in which less than a half (785) patients had the aggravating fact and in two hereditary-aggravated groups: siblings (109 patients) and parents--children (118 pairs). Prognostic significance of the genetic factor, sex and age was studied as related to peculiarities of the clinical picture of schizophrenia. Hereditary aggravation is shown to be of a decisive importance for schizophrenia prognosis.
Asunto(s)
Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Pronóstico , Esquizofrenia/genética , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
The report covers a group of schizophrenic parents and their children (219 patients from 101 families); the author studied variants of premorbid personality traits, the patient's age at the onset of the disease, the duration of the initial period, its syndromes in the descending generation. Comparing signs in the pairs of parents-children the author detected the most stable signs in transmission to the descending generations. The following signs were attributed to such stable traits: schizoid personality traits, a short initial period, a psychopathlike syndrome in the initial period. Special tables were formed permitting to prognosticate the appearance of some signs in children when some signs were known in parents.