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BACKGROUND/AIMS: Optic nerve sheath fenestration (ONSF) is a surgical intervention in the management of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) infrequently performed in the United Kingdom. Numerous surgical approaches have been described, including medial transconjunctival, lateral and endoscopic. We describe our outcomes and complications from ONSF via a supero-medial eyelid skin crease incision in patients with IIH. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of consecutive patients undergoing ONSF for IIH between January 2011 and December 2017 by a single surgeon. RESULTS: Thirty patients were included in the analysis with a median follow-up of 14.5 months. Bilateral ONSFs were undertaken in 27 (90%). The data from one eye per patient were analysed. The mean kinetic perimetry score in mean radial degrees of the I4e isopter improved from 27.3° to 35.7°, p = 0.04. After removing cases with optic atrophy, the median modified Frisén grade of papilloedema improved from 2.5 to 1.0, p = 0.007. A total of 5/30 (17%) patients had complications: two (7%) had recurrence/late failure (one managed medically and one with cerebrospinal fluid [CSF] diversion surgery), one had transient cotton wool spots post-operatively, one had transient retinal haemorrhages and one patient had a transiently oval pupil. No patients had repeat ONSF, but CSF diversion surgery was subsequently carried out in 4/30 (13%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: ONSF via a supero-medial eyelid skin crease approach is effective at improving visual function in patients with IIH. The complication rates are low when compared with CSF diversion surgery and other surgical approaches for ONSF.

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PurposeTo determine the safety and effectiveness of orbital decompression for thyroid eye disease (TED) in our unit. To put this in the context of previously published literature.Patients and methodsA retrospective case review of all patients undergoing orbital decompression for TED under the care of one orbital surgeon (SMS) between January 2009 and December 2015. A systematic literature review of orbital decompression for TED.ResultsWithin the reviewed period, 93 orbits of 55 patients underwent decompression surgery for TED. There were 61 lateral (single) wall decompressions, 17 medial one-and-a-half wall, 11 two-and-a-half wall, 2 balanced two wall, and 2 orbital fat only decompressions. For the lateral (single) wall decompressions, mean reduction in exophthalmometry (95% confidence interval (CI) was 4.2 mm (3.7-4.8), for the medial one-and-a-half walls it was 2.9 mm (2.1-3.7), and for the two-and-a-half walls it was 7.6 mm (5.8-9.4). The most common complications were temporary postoperative numbness (29% of lateral decompressions, 17% of other bony decompressions, OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.12-2.11) and new postoperative diplopia (9% of lateral decompressions, 39% of other bony decompressions, OR 6.8, 95% CI 1. 5-30.9). Systematic literature searching showed reduction in exophthalmometry for lateral wall surgery of 3.6-4.8 mm, with new diplopia 0-38% and postoperative numbness 12-50%. For other bony decompressions, reduction in exophthalmometry was 2.5-8.0 mm with new diplopia 0-45% and postoperative numbness up to 52%.ConclusionDiffering approaches to orbital decompression exist. If the correct type of surgery is chosen, then safe, adequate surgical outcomes can be achieved.

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PurposeTo share our initial experience in the use of intralesional interferon alpha-2a at primary presentation in ocular surface tumours as a method of immunoreduction prior to definitive surgical management.MethodsCase series of patients referred to Sheffield Ocular Oncology Service with rapidly growing ocular surface tumours, treated with intralesional interferon alpha-2a at first presentation prior to definitive surgical management.ResultsAll three patients, two with conjunctival melanoma and one with ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) demonstrated immunoreduction of tumour without any adverse side effects.ConclusionsInterferon alpha-2a is effective in conjunctival melanoma and OSSN. Intralesional interferon at first presentation may be used for immunoreduction prior to definitive surgical management. This may improve surgical and long-term outcomes, improve patient experience, and help meet cancer treatment targets.

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BACKGROUND: Metastasis to choroid is the most common intraocular malignancy, arising most frequently from carcinoma of breast in women and lung in men. Recent case reports have described successful use of intravitreal bevacizumab to achieve local control of such tumours. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five cases of choroidal metastases from varying primaries: breast, lung, and colon were treated with intravitreal bevacizumab, and tumour response observed and documented with serial photographs and B-scans. RESULTS: Four of the five tumours were seen to progress despite intravitreal bevacizumab treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal bevacizumab as the primary treatment of choroidal metastases is not recommended and should not delay more effective alternative treatments.

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Dermal fillers are increasingly used by clinicians (and nonclinicians) in patients requiring facial rejuvenation, as well as for other aesthetic uses such as treatment of age-related wrinkles, skin folds and depressed scars. We report the case of a patient who injected herself with dermal filler purchased over the internet and who required intervention for the undesired effect. We would like to highlight the ease with which these devices can be purchased over the internet, the risks they pose and the necessity of regulating their administration.

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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to improve communication between the ophthalmology and histopathology departments at Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, by effectively changing the structure and completion of the histopathology request form through the process of a successful audit. This aimed to ensure that comprehensive information was made available to the histopathologist. METHODS: An audit was performed by review of 710 histopathology request forms, completed by the ophthalmology department, over a 1-year period, between July 2005 and June 2006 inclusive. Results were used to re-model the ophthalmic histopathology request form. New forms were circulated and all forms completed over a 3-month period, between January 2008 and March 2008, were reviewed, thus closing the audit loop. RESULTS: On the basis of audit results of 710 histopathology request forms, a new histopathology request form was created, which was easier to complete. Review of the 224 new histopathology request forms showed improved percentages of completion of important sections of the form. CONCLUSIONS: Through the audit process we have created a new ophthalmic histopathology request form that is more user-friendly for the ophthalmologist and more consistently provides the necessary information for the ophthalmic histopathologist. This has improved efficiency and effectiveness of communication between the specialities, which should contribute to minimise the chances of medical error and improved turnaround times for the planning and delivery of patient care.

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Significant histological overlap exists between fibro-osseous lesions and diagnosis is made on a clinicopathological basis. Ossifying fibroma is a benign fibro-osseous neoplasm of the jaw and craniofacial complex that has generated a degree of controversy regarding diagnosis and classification, especially with respect to the psammomatoid variant. Orbital lesions mainly arise from the paranasal sinuses affecting the medial or inferior orbital wall. Lateral orbital wall ossifying fibroma is, therefore, a rare condition with only a single previous case report. We present a second case of lateral orbital wall ossifying fibroma and a review of the associated literature.

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PURPOSE: To correlate vortex vein invasion with established prognostic factors for uveal melanoma. METHODS: Enucleated eyes with a confirmed histopathological diagnosis of uveal melanoma with vortex vein invasion were identified, over a 10-year period. Established uveal melanoma prognostic factors, with tumour genetics were correlated with vortex vein invasion and patient survival. RESULTS: Microscopic vortex vein involvement was present in 29 of 244 (11.9%) uveal melanomas. Of 29, 6 (20.7%) tumours had macroscopic evidence of vortex vein invasion. Of 29, 14 (48.3%) tumours also showed evidence of non-vortex vein, 'direct' scleral invasion. 23 (79.3%) of 29 melanomas involved only the choroid. The mean maximum diameter of tumours with vortex vein invasion was 15.8 mm and the mean thickness was 9.7 mm. The uveal melanoma was a discrete nodule in 27 of 29 (93.1%) cases. Histologically, 8 of 29 tumours (27.6%) were spindle cell, 19 of 29 (65.5%) were mixed cell, and 2 of 29 (6.9%) were epithelioid cell type. Of 29, 22 (75.9%) uveal melanomas with vortex vein invasion contained extracellular matrix networks and loops. Genetic abnormalities correlated with poor prognosis were seen in 25 of 29 (86.2%) tumours with vortex vein invasion. Liver metastasis was confirmed in 19 of 29 (65.5%) patients with vortex vein invasion. No patients with uveal melanomas showing vortex vein invasion suffered orbital recurrence of disease following enucleation. CONCLUSIONS: The trends show that vortex vein invasion is associated with a choroidal location, large tumour size, spindle cell bias, presence of extracellular matrix loops/networks and genetic markers. A higher proportion of patients with vortex vein invasion progress to develop liver metastasis compared with the general uveal melanoma population.

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Ageing changes occur in all the structures of the eye causing varied effects. This article attempts to review the parameters of what is considered within the "normal limits" of ageing so as to be able to distinguish those conditions from true disease processes. Improving understanding of the ageing changes will help understand some of the problems that the ageing population faces.

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AIM: To establish the reliability, efficacy, and safety of disposable prism tonometry and validate its routine use for screening as well as monitoring of glaucoma. METHODOLOGY: Intraocular pressure (IOP) of 400 eyes of 200 consecutive patients who attended the general ophthalmic clinic was checked with both the Goldmann applanation tonometer and a disposable tonometer prism by an experienced examiner after obtaining informed consent. The data were statistically analysed. RESULTS: The mean difference in the IOP between the two types of prisms was 0.1 mmHg (SD+/-1 mmHg). CONCLUSION: Disposable prism tonometry provides a reliable, effective, and safe alternative to Goldmann reusable prism tonometry for routine screening as well as monitoring of glaucoma with the advantages of eliminating the need for chemical disinfection and therefore eliminating the risk of crossinfection.

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