RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To compare the perception of psychosocial conditions (during pregnancy) between two groups of adolescents; one group was integrated by young women diagnosed with pregnancy induced-hypertension and the other group by clinically healthy women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A case-control study design where 39 cases and 88 controls were chosen from pregnant adolescents seeking care at the General Hospital of Durango City, México, from July 1996 to February 1997, and from September 1998 to January 1999. Participants agreed to answer a semi-structured questionnaire to collect data on psychosocial support; psychosocial source of stress; coping responses; intention, desire and acceptance of pregnancy; and attitude and quality of socialization during pregnancy. Data analysis consisted of descriptive statistics, chi 2 and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: The two groups' sociodemographic and gyneco-obstetric characteristics were similar. Perception of stressors was higher among cases; sources of support were greater among controls. Positive attitudes and satisfactory socialization during pregnancy were more frequently reported by controls, with statistically significant differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS: We found qualitative differences in the perception of psychosocial conditions among study participants, with statistically significant favorable perceptions among controls.
Asunto(s)
Preeclampsia/psicología , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Humanos , México , Embarazo , Psicología SocialRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To characterize and determine the prevalence of the different types of gender-associated violence in the city of Durango, Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: With a transversal design, 384 women residents of the city of Durango, either living with or having lived with someone before, were interviewed. The sample was proportionately distributed in 6 city sectors which were randomly chosen and representative of the high middle and low socioeconomic levels. Sixty-four interviews were conducted in each city sector. The questionnaire consisted of 184 closed and 22 open questions, including identification, sociodemographic and reproductive data, as well as specific questions on physical, emotional and sexual violence. RESULTS: Median age of the studied group was 41.5 years, ranging from 12 to 48 years. Prevalence of domestic violence was: sexual 42%; physical 40%; emotional 39%. CONCLUSIONS: The problem of violence, in its different forms, is a highly prevalent factor which jeopardizes the welfare of the family nucleus. Higher prevalence values of domestic violence were detected in the presence of factors such as violence antecedents, alcoholism and/or drug consumption by some member of the family.
Asunto(s)
Mujeres Maltratadas , Violencia Doméstica , Adolescente , Adulto , Alcoholismo/complicaciones , Niño , Emociones , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , México , Persona de Mediana Edad , Modelos Teóricos , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Conducta Sexual , Factores Socioeconómicos , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/complicaciones , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence, specific rates, areas of greatest risk and causal agents of nosocomial infections at the Hospital General de Durango, of the Secretaría de Salud, Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective study of nosocomial infection vigilance during one year including all patients discharged during this period. RESULTS: An overall rate of 9 infections per 100 discharged patients was found, the higher specific rates were in the areas of intensive pediatric care and births and the lowest were in the surgery, pediatric and gynecology and obstetrics departments. Infections were most frequent in urinary tract and surgical wounds as well as pneumonia among adults; among children, the most frequent were bacteremias and an epidemic outbreak with predominating Serratia marscecens was observed. Most patients presented one only infectious process and E coli, Klebsiello and Enterobacter sp. were the most frequently isolated microorganisms. CONCLUSIONS: The nosocomial infection rate observed in this study is higher than the average in Mexico for similar institutions. The most affected areas were those of critical patients and new births with urinary tract and surgical wound infections, and pneumonia, and the most frequent causal agents were enteric Gram-negative bacilli. These findings suggest guide lines for the design of a nosocomial infection control program, adjusted to the particular features of each institution.
Asunto(s)
Infección Hospitalaria/epidemiología , Adulto , Niño , Estudios de Cohortes , Cuidados Críticos , Departamentos de Hospitales , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal , México/epidemiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
In order to investigate the incidence, etiologic agents and number of episodes of nosocomial urinary tract infections, a prospective study was carried on at the General Hospital in Durango, Mexico. All the patients admitted to the hospital during the period of March to June, 1991, and whose hospital stay was longer than 48 hours, were included. The infection rate in 962 patients was 12.9 episodes per hundred. The service of Internal Medicine had the highest rate and Pediatrics the lowest. The infection rate was higher among older patients and there was no significant difference between genders. 73% of the patients had only one episode of infection and the presence of a permanent urinary-catheter was the main clinical condition associated with infection. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp. were the most frequently isolated microorganisms. Nosocomial urinary tract infections have a very high incidence in a general hospital, therefore there is a pressing need to implement effective control programs.