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Identifying the nutritional requirements and growth conditions of microorganisms is crucial for determining their applicability in industry and understanding their role in clinical ecology. Predatory bacteria such as Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus have emerged as promising tools for combating infections by human bacterial pathogens due to their natural killing features. Bdellovibrio's lifecycle occurs inside prey cells, using the cytoplasm as a source of nutrients and energy. However, this lifecycle supposes a challenge when determining the specific uptake of metabolites from the prey to complete the growth inside cells, a process that has not been completely elucidated. Here, following a model-based approach, we illuminate the ability of B. bacteriovorus to replicate DNA, increase biomass, and generate adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in an amino acid-based rich media in the absence of prey, keeping intact its predatory capacity. In this culture, we determined the main carbon sources used and their preference, being glutamate, serine, aspartate, isoleucine, and threonine. This study offers new insights into the role of predatory bacteria in natural environments and establishes the basis for developing new Bdellovibrio applications using appropriate metabolic and physiological methodologies. KEY POINTS: • Amino acids support axenic lifestyle of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. • B. bacteriovorus preserves its predatory ability when growing in the absence of prey.

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BACKGROUND: Biological invasions pose risks to the normal functioning of ecosystems by altering the structure and composition of several communities. Molluscs stand out as an extensively studied group given their long history of introduction by either natural or anthropogenic dispersal events. An alien population of the lymnaeid species Orientogalba viridis was first sighted in 2009 in southern Spain. In its native range (Australasian), this species is one of the main intermediate hosts of Fasciola hepatica, a major worldwide trematode parasite largely affecting humans, domestic animals and wildlife. METHODS: We collected field populations of O. viridis from its native (Malaysia) and invaded (Spain) ranges. We performed detailed morphoanatomical drawings of the species and screened for natural infection of parasites. Individuals were molecularly characterized using ITS2 for comparison with existing sequences in a fine phylogeography study. We founded experimental populations at two different conditions (tropical, 26 °C and temperate, 21 °C) to study the life-history traits of exposed and non-exposed individuals to different F. hepatica isolates. RESULTS: We found a 9% natural prevalence of trematode infection (98% similarity with a sequence of Hypoderaeum conoideum [Echinostomatidae]) in the Spanish field population. The haplotypes of O. viridis found in our study from Spain clustered with Australian haplotypes. Experimental infection with F. hepatica was successful in both experimental conditions but higher in tropical (87% prevalence) than in temperate (73%). Overall lifespan, however, was higher in temperate conditions (mean 32.5 ± 7.4 weeks versus 23.3 ± 6.5) and survivorship remained above 70% during the first 20 weeks. In parasite-exposed populations, life expectancy dropped from an overall 37.75 weeks to 11.35 weeks but still doubled the time for initial cercariae shedding. Cercariae shedding started at day 23 post-exposure and peaked between days 53 and 67 with an average of 106 metacercariae per snail. CONCLUSIONS: Whether O. viridis will succeed in Europe is unknown, but the odds are for a scenario in which a major snail host of F. hepatica occupy all available habitats of potential transmission foci, ravelling the epidemiology of fasciolosis. This research provides a comprehensive understanding of O. viridis biology, interactions with parasites and potential implications for disease transmission dynamics, offering valuable insights for further research and surveillance.

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Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus HD100 is an obligate predatory bacterium that preys upon Gram-negative bacteria. It has been proposed to be applied as a "living antibiotic" in several fields such as agriculture or even medicine, since it is able to prey upon bacterial pathogens. Its interesting lifestyle makes this bacterium very attractive as a microbial chassis for co-culture systems including two partners. A limitation to this goal is the scarcity of suitable synthetic biology tools for predator domestication. To fill this gap, we have firstly adapted the hierarchical assembly cloning technique Golden Standard (GS) to make it compatible with B. bacteriovorus HD100. The chromosomal integration of the Tn7 transposon's mobile element, in conjunction with the application of the GS technique, has allowed the systematic characterization of a repertoire of constitutive and inducible promoters, facilitating the control of the expression of heterologous genes in this bacterium. PJExD/EliR proved to be an exceptional promoter/regulator system in B. bacteriovorus HD100 when precise regulation is essential, while the synthetic promoter PBG37 showed a constitutive high expression. These genetic tools represent a step forward in the conversion of B. bacteriovorus into an amenable strain for microbial biotechnology approaches.

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Designing cell factories for the production of novel polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) via smart metabolic engineering is key to obtain à la carte materials with tailored physicochemical properties. To this end, we used the model medium-chain-length-PHA producing bacterium, P. putida KT2440 as a chassis, which is characterized by its metabolic versatility and stress tolerance. Different PHA biosynthetic modules were assembled in expression plasmids using the Golden gate/MoClo modular assembly technique to implement an orthogonal short-chain-lengh-PHA (scl-PHA) switch in a "deaf" PHA mutant. This was specifically constructed to override endogenous multilevel regulation of PHA synthesis in the native strain. We generated a panel of engineered approaches carrying the genes from Rhodospirillum rubrum, Cupriavidus necator and Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, demonstrating that diverse scl-PHAs can be constitutively produced in the chassis strain to varying yields from 23% to 84% PHA/CDW. Co-feeding assays of the most promising engineered strain harboring the PHA machinery from C. necator resulted to a panel of PHBV from 0.6% to 19% C5 monomeric incorporation. Chromosomally integrated PHA machineries with high PhaCCn synthase dosage successfully resulted in 68% PHA/CDW production. Interestingly, an inverse relationship between PhaC synthase dosage and granule size distribution was demonstrated in the heterologous host. In this vein, it is proposed the key involvement of inclusion body protein IbpA to the heterologous production of tailored PHA in P. putida KT2440.

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Modular cloning has become a benchmark technology in synthetic biology. However, a notable disparity exists between its remarkable development and the need for standardization to facilitate seamless interoperability among systems. The field is thus impeded by an overwhelming proliferation of organism-specific systems that frequently lack compatibility. To overcome these issues, we present Golden Standard (GS), a Type IIS assembly method underpinned by the Standard European Vector Architecture. GS unlocks modular cloning applications for most bacteria, and delivers combinatorial multi-part assembly to create genetic circuits of up to twenty transcription units (TUs). Reliance on MoClo syntax renders GS fully compatible with many existing tools and it sets the path towards efficient reusability of available part libraries and assembled TUs. GS was validated in terms of DNA assembly, portability, interoperability and phenotype engineering in α-, ß-, γ- and δ-proteobacteria. Furthermore, we provide a computational pipeline for parts characterization that was used to assess the performance of GS parts. To promote community-driven development of GS, we provide a dedicated web-portal including a repository of parts, vectors, and Wizard and Setup tools that guide users in designing constructs. Overall, GS establishes an open, standardized framework propelling the progress of synthetic biology as a whole.

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Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a standard of care in veterinary and human oncology. The treatment induces a well-characterized local immune response which is not able to induce a systemic response. In this retrospective cohort study, we evaluated the addition of gene electrotransfer (GET) of canine IL-2 peritumorally and IL-12 intramuscularly to enhance the immune response. Thirty canine patients with inoperable oral malignant melanoma were included. Ten patients received ECT+GET as the treatment group, while twenty patients received ECT as the control group. Intravenous bleomycin for the ECT was used in both groups. All patients had compromised lymph nodes which were surgically removed. Plasma levels of interleukins, local response rate, overall survival, and progression-free survival were evaluated. The results show that IL-2 and IL-12 expression peaked around days 7-14 after transfection. Both groups showed similar local response rates and overall survival times. However, progression-free survival resulted significantly better in the ECT+GET group, which is a better indicator than overall survival, as it is not influenced by the criterion used for performing euthanasia. We can conclude that the combination of ECT+GET using IL-2 and IL-12 improves treatment outcomes by slowing down tumoral progression in stage III-IV inoperable canine oral malignant melanoma.

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A normative appeal indicates that one should (or should not) do a certain action in a concrete situation. According to the Evaluative Model of Normative Appeals (EMNA), willingness to comply with these messages depends on an appraisal formed by two dimensions: formality and protection. In this work we center on the dimension of protection, proposing that it can be divided into two components: avoiding physical or psychological damage (scutum) and affording the performance of the main intended action (caligae). We conducted two studies to test this twofold meaning of protection. In Study 1 (N = 525), we manipulated the coherence of regulatory focus (promotion vs. control vs. prevention) with salience of the components of protection (caligae vs. control vs. scutum). In Study 2 (N = 513), we separately measured the perception of each component referred to an actual normative appeal (i.e., "To get into a class punctually"). The results showed that the manipulated salience and the measured perception of caligae and scutum elicits (Study 1) and predicts (Study 2) higher willingness to comply with normative appeals. Theoretical and applied implications of the results are discussed.

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The coronavirus disease has exposed the population to psychosocial threats that could increase mental health problems. This research analyzed the relationships between emotional states (negative [−EWB] and positive [+EWB] experienced well-being), personal resources (resilient coping [RC]), dispositional resources (control beliefs about stress [BAS]), and social resources (social support [SS]), and anxiety and depressive symptoms in a sample of the Chilean population (n = 592), who answered an online questionnaire. Multiple and moderated multiple regression analyses were carried out. Depressive symptoms showed a positive relationship with −EWB (ß = 0.805; p < 0.001) and negative relationship with +EWB (ß = −0.312; p < 0.001), RC (ß = −0.089; p < 0.01), BAS (ß = −0.183; p < 0.001) and SS (ß = −0.082; p < 0.001). Anxiety symptoms showed a positive relationship with −EWB (ß = 0.568; p < 0.001), and a negative relationship with +EWB (ß = −0.101; p < 0.03) and BAS (ß = −0.092; p < 0.001). BAS moderated the relationship between experienced well-being and depression symptoms, and RC moderated the relationship between experienced well-being with both depression and anxiety symptoms. Findings confirm the buffering effect of personal and dispositional resources when facing a sanitary and social crisis. Moreover, they help to understand the role of internal psychological processes during a crisis and how to cope with life-threatening events.

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This work aimed to evaluate the predatory activity of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109J on clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa selected from well-characterized collections of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung colonization (n = 30) and bloodstream infections (BSI) (n = 48) including strains selected by genetic lineage (frequent and rare sequence types), antibiotic resistance phenotype (susceptible and multidrug-resistant isolates), and colony phenotype (mucoid and non-mucoid isolates). The intraspecies predation range (I-PR) was defined as the proportion of susceptible strains within the entire collection. In contrast, the predation efficiency (PE) is the ratio of viable prey cells remaining after predation compared to the initial inoculum. I-PR was significantly higher for CF (67%) than for BSI P. aeruginosa isolates (35%) probably related to an environmental origin of CF strains whereas invasive strains are more adapted to humans. I-PR correlation with bacterial features such as mucoid morphotype, genetic background, or antibiotic susceptibility profile was not detected. To test the possibility of increasing I-PR of BSI isolates, a polyhydroxyalkanoate depolymerase deficient B. bacteriovorus bd2637 mutant was used. Global median I-PR and PE values remained constant for both predators, but 31.2% of 109J-resistant isolates were susceptible to the mutant, and 22.9% of 109J-susceptible isolates showed resistance to predation by the mutant, pointing to a predator-prey specificity process. The potential use of predators in the clinical setting should be based on the determination of the I-PR for each species, and the PE of each particular target strain.

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What motives do people prioritize in their social lives? Historically, social psychologists, especially those adopting an evolutionary perspective, have devoted a great deal of research attention to sexual attraction and romantic-partner choice (mate seeking). Research on long-term familial bonds (mate retention and kin care) has been less thoroughly connected to relevant comparative and evolutionary work on other species, and in the case of kin care, these bonds have been less well researched. Examining varied sources of data from 27 societies around the world, we found that people generally view familial motives as primary in importance and mate-seeking motives as relatively low in importance. Compared with other groups, college students, single people, and men place relatively higher emphasis on mate seeking, but even those samples rated kin-care motives as more important. Furthermore, motives linked to long-term familial bonds are positively associated with psychological well-being, but mate-seeking motives are associated with anxiety and depression. We address theoretical and empirical reasons why there has been extensive research on mate seeking and why people prioritize goals related to long-term familial bonds over mating goals. Reallocating relatively greater research effort toward long-term familial relationships would likely yield many interesting new findings relevant to everyday people's highest social priorities.

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In this work, two objectives were addressed. First, the visual aesthetics assessment of the workplace was explored for the first time as a potential antecedent of the proactive behaviors of job crafting. Second, the potential mediating role of the affective organizational commitment in this relationship was analyzed. To address these purposes, a field study was conducted with a sample of 428 workers. Following a set of hypotheses, the results of the measurement model, χ2 (df) = 494.288 (215); CFI = .920; TLI = .906; RMSEA = .066, showed that the visual aesthetics assessment of the workplace was significantly correlated with three of the four dimensions of job crafting (r = .19 with ISO-JR, r = .15 with IC-JD and; r = .17 with IST-JR; p < .001) and with affective organizational commitment (r = .27, p < .001). In addition, through a structural equation model, χ2(df) = 494.895 (219); CFI = .921; TLI = .909; RMSEA = .065, positive and significant indirect effects were found from the visual aesthetic assessment of the workplace to the same three dimensions of job crafting, all through the affective organizational commitment: .17 with ISO-JR, .25 with IC-JD and, .23 with IST-JR; 95% CI [.097, .276], [.161, .361] and [.161, .361], respectively. The results obtained provide useful evidence for researchers and managers about the value of providing an aesthetically satisfactory workplace, which would enhance the affective commitment of employees and, consequently, positively affect the proactive behaviors of job crafting.

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BACKGROUND: This review discusses the findings in the literature on pain and distraction tasks according to their sensory modality. Distraction tasks have been shown to reduce (experimentally induced) acute pain and chronic pain. This can be influenced by nature and by the sensory modalities used in the distraction tasks. Yet the effect on reducing pain according to the sensory modality of the distraction task has received little attention. METHODS: A bibliographic search was performed in different databases. The studies will be systematized according to the sensory modality in which the distraction task was applied. RESULTS: The analyzed studies with auditory distractors showed a reduction of acute pain in adults. However, these are not effective at healthy children and in adults with chronic pain. Visual distractors showed promising results in acute pain in adults and children. Similarly, tactile and mixed distractors decreased acute pain in adults. CONCLUSION: Distraction tasks by diverse sensory modalities have a positive effect on decreasing the perception of acute pain in adults. Future studies are necessary given the paucity of research on this topic, particularly with tactile distractors (there is only one study). Finally, the most rigorous methodology and the use of ecological contexts are encouraged in future research.

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A cadeia leiteira do estado do Rio de Janeiro tem grande importância econômica e social. Existem, aproximadamente, 15 mil propriedades rurais produtoras de leite no estado, com 406 mil vacas ordenhadas ao ano, totalizando 45 mil pessoas diretamente ligadas ao leite somente no campo. Este contingente de produtores, produzindo cerca de 513 milhões de litros de leite por ano, gera faturamento anual de R$ 670 milhões no campo. Porém, o desenvolvimento da produção leiteira fluminense não acompanha o crescente mercado consumidor do estado. Os incentivos, por meio de políticas públicas que beneficiem a produção leiteira, sobretudo a familiar, que compreende mais de 78% dos estabelecimentos rurais do estado, devem-se basear principalmente no tripé sanidade, reprodução e nutrição animal, além de incentivos fiscais e de fortalecimento da indústria láctea. O conhecimento da frequência das doenças dos rebanhos leiteiros, dos fatores que condicionam sua presença e possibilitam sua difusão são de fundamental importância no seu controle e/ou erradicação, garantindo, assim, a produção de alimentos seguros, saudáveis e nutritivos, em bases sustentáveis e competitivas. O presente trabalho apresenta a experiência da Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Estado de Janeiro (PESAGRO-RIO) na certificação de propriedades livres de Brucelose e Tuberculose, pela implementação de ações de controle e erradicação dessas doenças, por meio do diagnóstico sorológico da Brucelose e pela detecção da Tuberculose em propriedades familiares. O projeto teve como resultado a certificação da primeira propriedade livre de Brucelose e Tuberculose do estado no município de Carmo e a elaboração de uma linha de produção de derivados lácteos com matéria-prima proveniente de propriedades certificadas. Os produtos foram identificados com o “Selo de Qualidade Sanitária”, como ferramenta de agregação de valor, tendo como resultado o aumento de renda dos produtores e a segurança alimentar dos consumidores.

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A equipe técnica do Centro Estadual de Pesquisa em Sanidade Animal Geraldo Manhães Carneiro (CEPGM), da Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (PESAGRO-RIO), realizou em 2009, levantamento epidemiológico para Brucelose através do teste de triagem Teste do Anel do Leite (TAL) no município de Carmo. Foram testados 30 tanques de expansão, entre eles, comunitários, da Cooperativa e Laticínio local e tanques individuais. Como resultado do teste realizado no CEPGM, observou-se a prevalência de 38% para Brucelose bovina no município, indicando expressiva necessidade de aplicação de medidas de profilaxia e controle. Assim, foi instituída vacinação gratuita no município, em março de 2009. Durante 9 anos e 6 meses ininterruptos, foram vacinadas 18.777 bezerras. Em agosto de 2018, um novo levantamento epidemiológico foi realizado, procurando atingir os mesmos pontos de coleta do levantamento de 2009. Foi observada a prevalência de 6,6% para Brucelose, representando a expressiva redução de 83% na prevalência da doença nos rebanhos do município em questão.

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Past research suggests that the connection between values and people's behaviour may not be as straightforward and robust as has been claimed. We propose that a more holistic and discriminative view that acknowledges the influence of a specific combination of values on specific kinds of behaviour is needed. In the current project, we test two hypotheses regarding the transcendental-change profile (TCP). First, that TCP is characterized by a combination of the readiness to engage in those challenges (instrumental) that can make the world a better place (terminal). Second, the centrality of the TCP facilitates performance of those prosocial actions that are perceived as stimulating and global. The results of five studies support the reliability and validity of this conceptualization of TCP (Studies 1 and 2), and show that when the prosocial initiative is perceived as either global (Study 3) or stimulating (Studies 4 and 5), the TCP is the strongest predictor of the willingness and commitment to engage in such prosocial action.

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In this work, two objectives were addressed. First, the visual aesthetics assessment of the workplace was explored for the first time as a potential antecedent of the proactive behaviors of job crafting. Second, the potential mediating role of the affective organizational commitment in this relationship was analyzed. To address these purposes, a field study was conducted with a sample of 428 workers. Following a set of hypotheses, the results of the measurement model, χ2 (df) = 494.288 (215); CFI = .920; TLI = .906; RMSEA = .066, showed that the visual aesthetics assessment of the workplace was significantly correlated with three of the four dimensions of job crafting (r = .19 with ISO-JR, r = .15 with IC-JD and; r = .17 with IST-JR; p < .001) and with affective organizational commitment (r = .27, p < .001). In addition, through a structural equation model, χ2(df) = 494.895 (219); CFI = .921; TLI = .909; RMSEA = .065, positive and significant indirect effects were found from the visual aesthetic assessment of the workplace to the same three dimensions of job crafting, all through the affective organizational commitment: .17 with ISO-JR, .25 with IC-JD and, .23 with IST-JR; 95% CI [.097, .276], [.161, .361] and [.161, .361], respectively. The results obtained provide useful evidence for researchers and managers about the value of providing an aesthetically satisfactory workplace, which would enhance the affective commitment of employees and, consequently, positively affect the proactive behaviors of job crafting

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BACKGROUND: Episodic memory impairment is the core feature of typical Alzheimer's disease. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of two commonly used verbal memory tests to detect mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease (MCI-AD) and to predict progression to Alzheimer's disease dementia (AD-d). METHODS: Prospective study of MCI patients in a tertiary memory disorder unit. Patients underwent an extensive neuropsychological battery including two tests of declarative verbal memory: The Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) and the word list learning task from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD-WL). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was obtained from all patients and MCI-AD was defined by means of the t-Tau/Aß1-42 ratio. Logistic regression analyses tested whether the combination of FCSRT and CERAD-WL measures significantly improved the prediction of MCI-AD. Progression to AD-d was analyzed in a Cox regression model. RESULTS: A total of 202 MCI patients with a mean follow-up of 34.2±24.2 months were included and 98 (48.5%) met the criteria for MCI-AD. The combination of FCSRT and CERAD-WL measures improved MCI-AD classification accuracy based on CSF biomarkers. Both tests yielded similar global predictive values (59.9-65.3% and 59.4-62.8% for FCSRT and CERAD-WL, respectively). MCI-AD patients with deficits in both FCSRT and CERAD-WL had a faster progression to AD-d than patients with deficits in only one test. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of FCSRT and CERAD-WL improves the classification of MCI-AD and defines different prognostic profiles. These findings have important implications for clinical practice and the design of clinical trials.

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RESUMO No âmbito do Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento, cabe ao Ministério das Cidades a gestão de investimentos destinada ao esgotamento sanitário no valor de R$ 26,4 bilhões para implantação ou ampliação do sistema coletor e da estação de tratamento de esgoto. O estado do Espírito Santo foi selecionado para realizar o estudo sobre as tecnologias e avaliar o impacto do aumento do volume de esgoto tratado no índice de tratamento de esgoto (IN046) dos municípios e do estado. Foram identificadas 13 operações com investimentos em tratamento de esgoto, que beneficiam 11 municípios. Estima-se que o valor investido seja de R$ 120.852.842,33, correspondendo a 38,9% do total de recursos em esgotamento sanitário para o estado. As 13 estações de tratamento de esgoto vão proporcionar o aumento de 39.606,69 (x1.000 m³ano-1) de volume do esgoto tratado. O IN046 de oito municípios poderá alcançar o valor de 100,0% e o do estado do Espírito Santo poderá tê-lo alterado de 27,0 para 46,9%, com a entrada em operação dessas estações de tratamento de esgoto.

ABSTRACT Within the scope of the Growth Acceleration Program, the The Brazilian Ministry of Cities is responsible for the management of investments intended for sewage in the amount of BRL 26.4 billion for implementation or expansion of the collection system and wastewater treatment plant. The state of Espírito Santo was chosen to perform the study on the technologies and to evaluate the impact of the increased treated sewage volume in the sewage treatment rate (IN046) of the municipalities and state. It identified 13 operations with investments in wastewater treatment, benefiting 11 municipalities. It has been estimated that the amount invested in treatment is of BRL 120,852,842.33, which represents 38.9% of total sanitation resources for the state. The 13 wastewater treatment plants will provide an increase of 39,606.69 (x1,000 m³ year-1) of volume of treated sewage. The IN046 of eight municipalities might reach a value of 100.0% and the state of Espírito Santo might have its value changed from 27.0 to 46.9%, after the beginning of operation of these wastewater treatment plants.

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Normative appeals refer to those messages that indicate that one should (or should not) engage in a certain action in a given situation. According to the psychosocial research, the decision to fulfill a normative appeal depends on both the extent to which it has captured our attention and the evaluation of what we may gain or lose by doing so. However, according to the Evaluative Model of Normative Appeals (EMNA), between these two processes we carry out an evaluation (normative appraisal) that strongly influences the decision that is ultimately made. Specifically, this normative appraisal, which is done in accordance with the dimensions of formality and protection, transforms the appeal into a particular normative representation (i.e., custom, coercive law, prescription, or legitimate law) that, in turn, influences the willingness toward compliance or violation. The results of three studies support these basic premises of EMNA.

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Introducción: la gran demanda de pacientes en servicios de consulta especializada de neurología y la pocaoferta de profesionales entrenados y médicos especialistas, principalmente en zonas aisladas por circunstanciasgeográficas o políticas, nos obligan a buscar nuevos recursos como la telemedicina a fin de mejorar el tiempode consulta.Objetivo: explorar el grado de satisfacción del neurólogo y de los pacientes con epilepsia en una consulta portelemedicina en el Hospital San José de Arjona con conexión al Hospital de San José en Bogotá.Materiales y métodos: estudio observacional prospectivo en pacientes mayores de 15 años con diagnósticode epilepsia. Se diligenció el instrumento de evaluación de satisfacción del neurólogo y de los pacientes, quecontiene una escala aplicada en Canadá, la cual consta de diecinueve preguntas, validadas en Colombia graciasa la prueba piloto realizada en el 2012 por nuestro Grupo de Neurología y Telemedicina, implementada paraevaluar la satisfacción de los pacientes en la consulta de epilepsia por telemedicina.Conclusión: según los resultados de este estudio, podemos concluir que tanto los pacientes como los neurólogosque realizaron la consulta guiada por telemedicina están satisfechos con el uso de esta herramienta,siendo este método una alternativa para la atención en salud.

Introduction: the high demand for specialist neurology services and the short supply of trained specialists, mainly in remote areas for geographical or political circumstances, force us to look for new resources such as telemedicine to improve the offer of this services.Objective: to explore the degree of neurologist and patients satisfation with epilepsy telemedicine clinic at the Hospital of Arjona in Bolivar with connection to San José Hospital in Bogotá.Materials and Methods: a prospective observational study in patients older than 15 years diagnosed with epilepsy. The assessment tool neurologist and satisfaction of patients, containing a scale used in Canada, which consists of nineteen questions, validated to spanish through the pilot test in 2012 by our group of Neurology and Telemedicine, implemented to evaluate the satisfaction of patients with epilepsy in a neurology clinic through telemedicine. In addition, this questionnaire is designed according to Thurstone scale consisting of five possible answers, which in order are: "Strongly disagree", "Disagree", "Neutral", "Agree", "Strongly agree". The recruitment of patients was done through posters alluding to study one to two months before the survey.Results: 39 patients, of whom 51.3% were women, were assessed with an average age 35 years ± 16. The pzatient satisfaction with telemedicine clinic was rated "strongly agree" in 83.8%, 91.9% see telemedicine as an acceptable way to receive health care and 94.6% consider it saves more money compared to conventional clinic. Both neurologists satisfaction with telemedicine is distributed evenly between "strongly agree" and "agree".Conclusion: with the results of this study, we can conclude that patients and neurologist are satisfied with the use of this resource, this method being an alternative for health care.

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