RESUMEN
This study was developed to evaluate the removal potential of ibuprofen, naproxen and 17-ß-estradiol in artificial wetlands constructed on a laboratory scale, using eight experimental devices planted with L. octovalvis species, tested with gravel substrate and without gravel substrate, which were fortified with synthetic mixtures at concentrations of 1, 2 and 5 mg/L of the three compounds, during a batch exposure time of nine days. The removal efficiency for 17-ß-estradiol was 94.5 ± 2.47%, followed by ibuprofen 94.03 ± 1.96% and naproxen 81.57 ± 8.74%, respectively. The treatment with the highest removal was the one performed without the presence of gravel substrate. The highest removal efficiency occurred from the third day of exposure for the three compounds, so it was established as the optimum residence time. The model that best explained the adsorption process of the three compounds studied, was the Langmuir isotherm. The observed results demonstrate that L. octovalvis can be used as a native species in artificial wetlands for the efficient removal of pharmaceutical compounds.
Through the use of a macrophyte plant native to the state of Morelos, an artificial wetland was built, which was capable of removing several drugs with tolerance to changes in concentration, which constitutes an economic and sustainable alternative that can be coupled to the treatment of wastewater contaminated with this type of compounds.
RESUMEN
Organochlorine pesticides have been used in Mexico in malaria control programs and against ectoparasites. The objective of this study was to compare the levels of organochlorine pesticides: HCB, α-ß-γ-HCH, pp'-DDE, op'-DDT and pp'-DDT in adipose tissue of female inhabitants from three Mexican states: Veracruz, Puebla and Tabasco. Data analyses indicated higher ß-HCH levels in Puebla inhabitants. When comparing the mean values of the pp'-DDE concentrations among the three states, no statistically significant differences were noted. A trend of increasing concentrations of op'-DDT from Veracruz to Puebla and Tabasco was observed. Significantly higher pp'-DDT concentrations in Veracruz as compared to Puebla and Tabasco were determined. Using factorial analysis of three age categories (>30, 31-50, <51) organochlorine pesticide concentrations increases with age of participants, indicating time of exposure as a principal factor of organochlorine pesticides accumulation in adipose tissue.
Asunto(s)
Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , DDT/análisis , Diclorodifenil Dicloroetileno/análisis , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/análisis , Hexaclorociclohexano/análisis , Plaguicidas/análisis , Tejido Adiposo/química , Adulto , DDT/metabolismo , Diclorodifenil Dicloroetileno/metabolismo , Femenino , Hexaclorociclohexano/metabolismo , Humanos , Malaria/prevención & control , México , Persona de Mediana Edad , Residuos de Plaguicidas/análisis , Residuos de Plaguicidas/metabolismo , Plaguicidas/metabolismoRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to determine the levels of organochlorine pesticides HCB, α-ß-γ-HCH, p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDT in 150 adipose tissue of inhabitants of Tabasco, Mexico. The following pesticides were detected: p,p'-DDE in 100% of samples at mean 1.034 mg/kg; p,p'-DDT in 96.7% at mean 0.116 mg/kg; o,p'-DDT in 78.7% at mean 0.022 mg/kg and ß-HCH in 58.0% at mean 0.049 mg/kg. The pooled sample was divided according to sex of donors (75 female and 75 male). Significantly higher levels of all organochlorine pesticides in females were found. The sample was divided into three age's ranges (15-28, 29-45 and 46-84 years). The mean and median levels of ß-HCH, p,p'-DDE and Σ-DDT increase significantly (p < 0.05) from the first to the second and third group. The presence of organochlorine pesticide residues in Tabasco inhabitants is still observed, indicating sources of exposure to the pesticides.
Asunto(s)
Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/análisis , Contaminantes Ambientales/metabolismo , Residuos de Plaguicidas/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , DDT/metabolismo , Diclorodifenil Dicloroetileno/metabolismo , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Hexaclorobenceno/metabolismo , Hexaclorociclohexano/metabolismo , Humanos , Hidrocarburos Clorados/metabolismo , Masculino , México , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Ambient PM2.5 samples were taken at 24 h intervals at two sites (Centro and Miravalle) in the city of Guadalajara from January to June 2008. The Centro site is located in the downtown, while the Miravalle site is located in an industrial zone south of the downtown. For both sites the higher concentrations of PM2.5 were between January and May. High correlation coefficients between sulfate, nitrate and ammonium of 0.95, 0.92 and 0.91, respectively, showed low variations in the concentrations of these species in the city. It was estimated that sulfate, nitrate and ammonium represented almost 47% of the PM2.5 mass in June at the Centro site, but in general the contributions in the other months were less than 21%, while at Miravalle this percentage was between 7.7% and 27.6%.