RESUMEN
The effect of combinations of sage, oregano and honey on lipid oxidation in cooked chicken meat during refrigeration at 4°C for 96h was determined. Chicken samples (thigh and breast) were then separated into five groups: control; butylated hydroxytoluene; oregano+sage; oregano+sage+5%honey and oregano+sage+10%honey. Quantitative measurements of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, conjugated dienes, hexanal, fatty acids, cholesterol and cholesterol oxides were used as indicators of lipid oxidation. Acceptability and preference were also evaluated. The effectiveness of the natural antioxidants for reducing the velocity of lipid oxidation in cooked chicken thigh and breast was demonstrated after 48 and 96h of refrigeration at 4°C. The treatments that presented the lowest hexanal values after 96h of refrigeration were oregano+sage+5%honey and oregano+sage+10%honey. Only traces of free cholesterol oxides were found (25-OH, 7-k, 7α-OH and 7ß-OH). The natural antioxidants protected cooked chicken meat from oxidation processes and resulted in great acceptability.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/química , Conservación de Alimentos/métodos , Lípidos/química , Carne/análisis , Origanum/química , Preparaciones de Plantas/química , Salvia officinalis/química , Animales , Pollos , Culinaria , Miel/análisis , Oxidación-Reducción , RefrigeraciónRESUMEN
Flow injection amperometric quantification of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), epinephrine (EP) and dipyrone (DI) in mixtures (in the microgram g-1 range) was successfully performed by using an array of microelectrodes with units modified by the electrodeposition of different noble metals, together with multivariate calibration analysis. The four groups of microelectrodes utilized included a pure gold electrode and electrodes modified by electrodeposition of platinum, palladium or a mixture of platinum + palladium. The array of microelectrodes was inserted in a flow cell and the amperometric data acquisition was performed with a four-channel potentiostat. The analysis of the resulting signals was carried out by a multivariate calibration method, using a group of 16 standard mixtures selected by a two-level factorial design. The analysis of synthetic samples and pharmaceutical compounds containing AA and DI led to very similar values to those obtained by the classical iodimetric analysis. The average absolute errors (in microgram g-1) calculated for each analyte were 0.3, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.4 for AA, DA, EP and DI, respectively.
Asunto(s)
Ácido Ascórbico/análisis , Dipirona/análisis , Dopamina/análisis , Epinefrina/análisis , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas/química , Calibración , Análisis de Inyección de Flujo , MicroelectrodosRESUMEN
Background: A recent trial by Lippman et al.16 demonstrated the effectiveness and synergy of the combination of interferon alpha-2a and isotretinoin in the treatment of patients with locally advanced, previously untreated squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Purpose: In this phase II trial, we used this combination to treat patients with advanced and recurrent squamous cell cervical carcinoma, aiming to assess its efficacy in terms of objective responses as well as toxicity. Methods: Eighteen patients with advanced recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix were enrolled. All 18 had previously been irradiated. In addition, six had received chemotherapy following progression after radiation therapy. Treatment consisted of interferon alpha-2a, 6 MU m-2 subcutaneously daily, 5 days a week and isotretinoin, 1 mg kg-1 orally, daily, for at least 2 months, depending on the response or toxicity. Results: All 18 patients (16 stage IVA and 2 stage IVB) were considered eligible for response and toxicity evaluation. After a median of 3 months (maximum of 8, in responders), we observed partial responses in two patients (11%); 95% confidence interval 0-25%. Five (27.7%) patients had stable disease. Responses and disease stabilization were observed only in the group of patients who had received irradiation alone. The median time to progression was 6 months (range 3-8+ months). The toxicity was very acceptable in this group of women. Low fever occurred at the beginning of the treatment in five patients. Fatigue and weakness were observed in four patients and required temporary interferon dose reduction, bone pain in three patients, grade 1 leukopenia in two patients and more intensive dry skin in four patients. Two patients had slight hypertriglyceridemia. Conclusion: Objective responses were observed using the combination of interferon alpha-2a and isotretinoin in a group of patients with advanced recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. We now test this combination in previously untreated patients in a neoadjuvant setting.