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Our objective is to determine the effectiveness of a therapeutic regimen for helicobacter pylori that includes a proton pump inhibitor, doxycycline, furazolidone and bismuth in our location. We carried out a retrospective study, non-randomized, in a private hospital in Lima, Peru. Patients with biopsy and/or rapid urease test proven helicobacter pylori infection after an endoscopy, from January 2017 to October 2022 were included. They received the therapeutic regimen of the study or an alternative triple regimen with a proton pump inhibitor, amoxicillin and levofloxacin and were followed with a urea breath test within 1 to 6 months upon completion of therapy. The quadruple therapy with furazolidone obtained success in 117/122 cases (95.9%) while the triple therapy with levofloxacin only in 5/16 (31.2%) when used for 7 days and 22/38 (57.9%) when used for 10 days, a statistically significant difference with p<0.001. Conclusion: Quadruple therapy with furazolidone reached high effectiveness in our location, while triple therapy with levofloxacin was not an acceptable alternative.

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Nuestro objetivo es determinar si el tratamiento para Helicobacter pylori (HP) con doxiciclina, furazolidona, bismuto y un inhibidor de bomba de protones mantiene su efectividad en nuestra población. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, no aleatorio, realizado en una clínica privada de Lima, Perú. Se obtuvo la información de la historia clínica digital. Se incluyó a pacientes con el diagnóstico de infección por HP por biopsia y/o test rápido de la ureasa, obtenidos al realizar una endoscopía entre enero 2017 a octubre 2022. Debían haber recibido el tratamiento cuádruple en estudio o un esquema triple alternativo con amoxicilina, levofloxacino e inhibidor de bomba de protones y tener una prueba de aliento para HP en el lapso de 1 a 6 meses después del tratamiento. El esquema cuádruple con furazolidona logró la erradicación en 117/122 casos (95,9%) mientras que el triple con levofloxacino en 5/16 (31,2%) cuando se usó por 7 dias y en 22/38 (57,9%) cuando se usó por 10 días, siendo las diferencias altamente significativas (p>0,001). En conclusión, el tratamiento cuádruple con furazolidona mostró alta efectividad, mientras que el triple con levofloxacino no alcanzó niveles aceptables.

Our objective is to determine the effectiveness of a therapeutic regimen for helicobacter pylori that includes a proton pump inhibitor, doxycycline, furazolidone and bismuth in our location. We carried out a retrospective study, non-randomized, in a private hospital in Lima, Peru. Patients with biopsy and/or rapid urease test proven helicobacter pylori infection after an endoscopy, from January 2017 to October 2022 were included. They received the therapeutic regimen of the study or an alternative triple regimen with a proton pump inhibitor, amoxicillin and levofloxacin and were followed with a urea breath test within 1 to 6 months upon completion of therapy. The quadruple therapy with furazolidone obtained success in 117/122 cases (95.9%) while the triple therapy with levofloxacin only in 5/16 (31.2%) when used for 7 days and 22/38 (57.9%) when used for 10 days, a statistically significant difference with p<0.001. Conclusion: Quadruple therapy with furazolidone reached high effectiveness in our location, while triple therapy with levofloxacin was not an acceptable alternative.

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Antecedentes: La detección y resección de lesiones colónicas elevadas (pólipos) sésiles o planas, con polipectomía clásica o compleja detiene la secuencia adenoma-cáncer. La mucosectomía endoscópica (EMR) fue introducida en los setentas y perfeccionada en los ochentas como un procedimiento avanzado para el tratamiento de pólipos grandes o complejos. Una adecuada realización de la técnica puede evitar procedimientos quirúrgicos mayores. Objetivos: Evaluar los resultados y complicaciones de la técnica de mucosectomía (EMR) realizada por gastroenterólogos-endoscopistas en un centro de referencia del Perú. Revisión de indicaciones, éxito, complicaciones y seguimiento. Material y método: Se realizó un análisis descriptivo, retrospectivo y observacional de pacientes tratados con técnica de mucosectomía endoscópica en un centro de endoscopia de referencia nacional en Lima, Perú, desde enero de 2004 a diciembre de 2018. Se aplicó la técnica de elevación y corte controlado en lesiones polipoideas mayores a 1 cm. Se realizó la resección en bloque en lesiones hasta 3 cms y técnica de "piecemeal" o sacabocado en mayores de 3 cms. Se evaluaron resultados, eventos adversos y recurrencia. Resultados: Se analizaron 756 lesiones en el mismo número de pacientes. Hombres 46.8 % (298) y mujeres 53.2 % (338). La edad promedio fue de 61.9 (rangos 37-91). El tamaño promedio de las lesiones fue de 20,3 mm (10 - 50 mm). El tiempo promedio por procedimiento fue de 46 minutos (rango 20-123 minutos). Se logró resección en bloque en 78.04 % de pólipos (590 lesiones). Se realizó técnica sacabocado en 166 (21.96 %) lesiones. La tasa de complicaciones en nuestra serie fue del 6.74 %, todos manejados endoscópicamente más tratamiento conservador médico sin cirugía. El seguimiento promedio fue de 18 meses (3 - 24 meses) y la tasa global de recidiva local fue de 2.49 %. El tratamiento quirúrgico post procedimiento y con pieza analizada se indicó en 15 casos por adenomas avanzados con adenocarcinoma intramucoso bien diferenciado (ADCA-IM). A los 12 meses, 13 de 15 recidivas fueron tratadas endoscópicamente y 2 casos refractarios fueron operados. Conclusiones: La mucosectomía (RME ó EMR) es un procedimiento que, realizado por endoscopistas-gastroenterólogos bien entrenados muestra baja tasa de recurrencia y complicaciones aisladas permitiendo la obtención de adecuado material para el estudio anátomo-patológico y reduciendo necesidad de cirugía abierta o laparoscópica.

Background: Detection and resection of colonic polypoid sessile and flat lesions, prevents the development of colon cancer. Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) has emerged in the 70´s and improved in the 80´s, as an alternative treatment of this lesions and is considered the procedure of choice nowadays, being able to avoid major surgical procedures. Objectives: Evaluation of the results and complications of the technique by endoscopists of a reference center. Review of indications and limitations of the technique. Material and methods: Descriptive, retrospective and observational analysis of patients treated with endoscopic mucosal resection technique at a referral center in Lima, Peru, between January 2004 and December 2018. EMR Technique was used in polypoid lesions greater than 1 cm. The bloc resection and the piecemeal resection technique was used for those lesions up to 3 cm and more. We evaluated complications and results according to the technique as recurrence rate, performing tracking in all cases with endoscopic follow up. Results: 756 lesions and patients (338 women and 298 men) The average age was 61.9 years (37-91 years) and the average lesion size of 20.3 mm (10-50 mm). En bloc or one-piece resection was performed in 78.04 %(590) and piece meal in 21.96%(166) achieving endoscopic and pathological resection. The complication rate in our series was 6.74% and managed endoscopically and with conservative measures and no surgery. Mean follow-up was 18 months (3-24 months) and overall local recurrence rate was 2.49%. After-procedure, additional surgical treatment was performed in 15 cases with pathologic piece report and intramucous adenocarcinoma (IM-ADCA). 13 of 15 local recurrences at 12 months follow up were treated endoscopically and 2 had surgical treatment. Conclusions: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or Mucosectomy is a technique performed by experts endoscopists and shows low rates of recurrence and complications with suitable material for pathologic examination. It reduces open and laparoscopic surgery.

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INTRODUCTION: Bile duct stones constitutes 20% of symptomatic gallbladder disease and difficult stones are one third of this. Endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD) with or without prior endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) produces excellent outcomes for the treatment of complex or difficult common bile duct (CBD) stones, alone or combined with previous therapeutic options as mechanical lithotripsy (ML) and temporary or definitive stenting. OBJECTIVES: Show success rate, complications and adverse events. Show that higher success rates are obtained combining ERCP techniques with no increase in complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated the safety and therapeutic outcomes of EPLBD with vs. without EST and other combinations for the removal of difficult bile duct stones. We described our procedures for a decade and compare them with the previous decade without balloon dilation. Of 865 patients and procedures, 223 (25.78%) had difficult stones. Treatments where EPLBD with EST (n=183), EPLBD alone group (n=40). Additional modalities where required in 15.25% (n=34). These two groups were compared with respect to overall procedure-related adverse events, overall stone removal success rate, number of sessions required for complete stone removal, need for mechanical lithotripsy, temporal or definite stenting and total procedure time. Results Safety removal of stones was achieved in one session on 84.75% of cases with EPLBD. The incidence of adverse events was not significantly different between the groups (EPLBD alone vs. EPLBD with EST: overall adverse events 12.5% vs. 10.38% (including pain); pancreatitis 2.7% vs. 2.5%, p=0.62). Overall success similar, initial success similar, and the need for additional techniques were also similar between groups. Median total procedure time tended to be greater in the EPLBD alone group (20.5 minutes) than in the EPLBD with EST group. Conclusion DPBGD in ERCP allows bile duct stone extraction rates close to 99.65% (90% in previous decade) according to other reports of literature. Adverse events of EPLBD alone or with EST are similar between them and with classic ERCP without statistical difference and similar to other world series.

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Introducción : La coledocolitiasis sigue estando presente hasta en 20% de la enfermedad vesicular calculosa sintomática y los cálculos complejos o difíciles son un tercio de estos. La dilatación papilar con balones de gran diámetro (DPBGD) con o sin esfinterotomía endoscópica (EE) previa proporciona excelentes resultados en el tratamiento de dichos cálculos y además complementada con variantes como litotricia mecánica (LM) y prótesis temporales y/o definitivas metálicas. Objetivos : mostrar tasas de éxito, complicaciones y eventos adversos. Demostrar que se obtiene mayor tasa de éxito con técnicas combinadas o variantes. Materiales y métodos : Evaluamos la seguridad y éxito de la DPBGD con o sin EE y otras combinaciones para el manejo de cálculos complejos. Describimos nuestros casos de una década y los comparamos con la anterior donde no realizábamos dilataciones. De 865 CPRE's por coledocolitiasis, 223 (25,78%) fueron cálculos complejos. Los tratamientos EE+DPBGD (n=183) y DPBGD solamente (n=40). Se requirieron modalidades adicionales en 15,25% (n=34). Estos dos grupos se compararon con respecto a eventos adversos, éxito de extracción, número de sesiones, duración de procedimientos y necesidad de LM y colocación de prótesis plásticas. Resultados: Se logró tratamiento completo y extracción en primera sesión en 84,74% sin diferencia significativa entre EE o sin/EE (p=0,2). Los eventos adversos no fueron significativamente diferentes en los grupos (DPBGD sóla vs. DPBGD c/EE p=0,1): eventos adversos 12,5% vs. 10,38% (incluyendo dolor sin pancreatitis); pancreatitis 2,7% vs. 2,5%). Éxito inicial y con métodos adicionales similares. El tiempo promedio de procedimiento fue mayor en el grupo de DPBGD sin/EE (20,5 minutos) contra el de DPBGD c/EE. Conclusiones : La DPBGD en CPRE permite extraer cálculos hasta en 99,65% de casos (90% en series previas sin dilatación) cifras similares a lo descrito en la literatura. Los eventos adversos de la DPBGD con/sin EE son similares entre sí y con los de CPRE clásica y no hay diferencia estadística, guardando similitud con otras series nacionales y mundiales.

Introduction : Bile duct stones constitutes 20% of symptomatic gallbladder disease and difficult stones are one third of this. Endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation (EPLBD) with or without prior endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) produces excellent outcomes for the treatment of complex or difficult common bile duct (CBD) stones, alone or combined with previous therapeutic options as mechanical lithotripsy (ML) and temporary or definitive stenting. Objectives : Show success rate, complications and adverse events. Show that higher success rates are obtained combining ERCP techniques with no increase in complications. Materials and methods: We evaluated the safety and therapeutic outcomes of EPLBD with vs. without EST and other combinations for the removal of difficult bile duct stones. We described our procedures for a decade and compare them with the previous decade without balloon dilation. Of 865 patients and procedures, 223 (25.78%) had difficult stones. Treatments where EPLBD with EST (n=183), EPLBD alone group (n=40). Additional modalities where required in 15.25% (n=34). These two groups were compared with respect to overall procedure-related adverse events, overall stone removal success rate, number of sessions required for complete stone removal, need for mechanical lithotripsy, temporal or definite stenting and total procedure time. Results Safety removal of stones was achieved in one session on 84.75% of cases with EPLBD. The incidence of adverse events was not significantly different between the groups (EPLBD alone vs. EPLBD with EST: overall adverse events 12.5% vs. 10.38% (including pain); pancreatitis 2.7% vs. 2.5%, p=0.62). Overall success similar, initial success similar, and the need for additional techniques were also similar between groups. Median total procedure time tended to be greater in the EPLBD alone group (20.5 minutes) than in the EPLBD with EST group. Conclusion DPBGD in ERCP allows bile duct stone extraction rates close to 99.65% (90% in previous decade) according to other reports of literature. Adverse events of EPLBD alone or with EST are similar between them and with classic ERCP without statistical difference and similar to other world series.

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OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence of helicobacter pylori infection and the histological type of gastritis in patients with erosive esophagitis and compare these findings with a control group without esophagitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective study in the settings of a private clinic in Lima, Peru. Each esophagitis and control patient had two biopsies taken from the antrum, two from the corpus as well as two additional samples for the ureasa (CLO) test. If any of the samples was positive for helicobacter, the patient was considered infected. The histological type of gastritis was assessed in the biopsies. RESULTS: 140 adult patients (69% males, mean age 48 years) with endoscopically proven esophagitis and 140 control cases, matched by age and sex, were included. A lower prevalence of helicobacter infection was found in the esophagitis group (27 vs. 44% p= 0.004).The risk for esophagitis was also lower in the patients with helicobacter OR: 0.48 IC95% (0.28 - 0.82. A higher percentage of normal gastric histology was found in the patients with esophagitis (44 vs. 31% p= 0.036). In 16 patients the erosive esophagitis was developed "de novo", after the eradication of helicobacter. CONCLUSIONS: A lower prevalence of helicobacter infection and a higher percentage of normal gastric mucosa were found in patients with endoscopic proven erosive esophagitis.

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Objetivos: Investigar la prevalencia de infección por Helicobacter pylori y el tipo histológico de gastritis que presentan los pacientes con esofagitis erosiva confirmada por endoscopía. Contrastar estos resultados con los de un grupo control sin esofagitis. Materiales y métodos: Estudio realizado con recolección prospectiva de datos en una clínica privada de Lima, Perú. En cada paciente y control se tomaron 2 biopsias del antro gástrico, 2 del cuerpo y 2 muestras para el test de la ureasa. Si alguna de estas pruebas era positiva para helicobacter se consideraba al paciente infectado. Se determinó el tipo de gastritis en las biopsias. Resultados: Ingresaron al estudio 140 pacientes adultos con esofagitis, edad promedio 48 años, 69% varones y 140 controles pareados por edad y sexo. La prevalencia de infección por helicobacter fue menor en los pacientes con esofagitis (27 vs 44% p=0,004). Los pacientes infectados mostraron menor riesgo de presentar esofagitis: OR: 0,48 IC95% (0,28 - 0,82) No se demostró diferencias en el tipo histológico de gastritis, pero si hubo una mayor proporción de pacientes con histología gástrica normal en el grupo con esofagitis (44 vs 31% p= 0,036). En 16 pacientes la esofagitis erosiva se desarrolló “de novo” luego de la erradicación del helicobacter. Conclusiones: Se demostró una menor prevalencia de infección por helicobacter y una mayor proporción de biopsias gástricas normales en los pacientes con esofagitis erosiva.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence of helicobacter pylori infection and the histological type of gastritis in patients with erosive esophagitis and compare these findings with a control group without esophagitis. Materials and methods: Prospective study in the settings of a private clinic in Lima, Peru. Each esophagitis and control patient had two biopsies taken from the antrum, two from the corpus as well as two additional samples for the ureasa (CLO) test. If any of the samples was positive for helicobacter, the patient was considered infected. The histological type of gastritis was assessed in the biopsies. Results: 140 adult patients (69% males, mean age 48 years) with endoscopically proven esophagitis and 140 control cases, matched by age and sex, were included. A lower prevalence of helicobacter infection was found in the esophagitis group (27 vs. 44% p= 0.004). The risk for esophagitis was also lower in the patients with helicobacter OR: 0.48 IC95% (0.28 - 0.82. A higher percentage of normal gastric histology was found in the patients with esophagitis (44 vs. 31% p= 0.036). In 16 patients the erosive esophagitis was developed “de novo”, after the eradication of helicobacter. Conclusions: A lower prevalence of helicobacter infection and a higher percentage of normal gastric mucosa were found in patients with endoscopic proven erosive esophagitis.

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INTRODUCTION: It is important to detect and remove adenomas in order to prevent colon cancer. Angiogenesis is an early change in the pre malignant transformation sequence and narrow band imaging (NBI) allows for better visualization of the capillary pattern of the mucosa. OBJECTIVE: We present our data regarding the assessment of superficial lesions of the colon on colonoscopies using NBI as well as the Sano-Emura classification. MATERIALS & METHODS: Prospective study done in Lima Peru. Three endoscopists evaluate the capillary pattern of colonic lesions in real time using NBI and electronic magnification. These findings are then compared to the pathology report. RESULTS: 380 patients were evaluated with a total of 739 lesions; 473 adenomas, 241 non neoplastic lesions, and 25 serrated lesions. These were grouped depending on their NBI capillary pattern into two groups: Neoplastic (Sano-Emura types II, IIIa, and IIIb), and Non-Neoplastic (Sano-Emura type I). Sensitivity for adenomas 84%, diagnostic accuracy 77%, PPV 82%, NPV 67%, specificity 63%. Sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy improved to 94% and 84%, respectively when evaluating lesions of 5 mm to 9 mm. For diminutive rectosigmoid polyps, the NPV for adenomas was 81%. The serrated lesions showed both types of capillary pattern with equal frequency. CONCLUSIONS: Our results using NBI with electronic magnification showed that this method is useful for the differentiation of lesions 5 mm or bigger, as reported previously. Accuracy was diminished when evaluating lesions less than 5 mm. NBI was not capable of aiding in the differential diagnosis of serrated lesions.

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INTRODUCCION: La detección y resección de los adenomas es importante para prevenir el cáncer colorrectal. La angiogénesis es un factor primordial en el crecimiento tumoral y la endoscopía con imagen de banda estrecha (NBI) permite una mejor evaluación del patrón capilar de la mucosa. OBJETIVO: Presentar nuestra experiencia en la diferenciación de las lesiones superficiales del colon, utilizando colonoscopía con NBI y la clasificación de Sano û Emura. MATERIAL & MÉTODOS: Estudio prospectivo realizado en Lima, Perú. Tres endoscopistas evalúan en tiempo real el patrón capilar de las lesiones, usando NBI con magnificación electrónica, y sus diagnósticos se correlacionan con el resultado histopatológico. RESULTADOS: se incluyen 380 pacientes con 739 lesiones; 473 adenomas, 241 pólipos no neoplásicos y 25 lesiones aserradas. Son divididas, por su patrón capilar al NBI, en dos grupos: Neoplásicas (Sano -Emura tipo II, IIIa y IIIb) y No Neoplásicas (Sano-Emura tipo I). Sensibilidad para adenomas: 84%, precisión diagnóstica: 77%, VPP: 82%, VPN: 67% y especificidad: 63%. La sensibilidad y la precisión diagnóstica aumentan a 94% y 84% en lesiones de 5 a 9 mm. En lesiones diminutas del recto-sigmoides, el VPN para adenomas mejora a 81%. Para las lesiones aserradas estos índices solo alcanzan el 50%. CONCLUSIONES: El NBI con magnificación electrónica resultó útil en la diferenciación de las lesiones de 5 mm o mayores, con resultados similares a estudios publicados. En lesiones menores de 5mm disminuyó la exactitud. Las lesiones aserradas no pudieron ser diferenciadas con NBI.

INTRODUCTION: It is important to detect and remove adenomas in order to prevent colon cancer. Angiogenesis is an early change in the pre malignant transformation sequence and narrow band imaging (NBI) allows for better visualization of the capillary pattern of the mucosa. OBJECTIVE: We present our data regarding the assessment of superficial lesions of the colon on colonoscopies using NBI as well as the Sano-Emura classification. MATERIALS & METHODS: Prospective study done in Lima Peru. Three endoscopists evaluate the capillary pattern of colonic lesions in real time using NBI and electronic magnification. These findings are then compared to the pathology report. RESULTS: 380 patients were evaluated with a total of 739 lesions; 473 adenomas, 241 non neoplastic lesions, and 25 serrated lesions. These were grouped depending on their NBI capillary pattern into two groups: Neoplastic (Sano-Emura types II, IIIa, and IIIb), and Non-Neoplastic (Sano-Emura type I). Sensitivity for adenomas 84%, diagnostic accuracy 77%, PPV 82%, NPV 67%, specificity 63%. Sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy improved to 94% and 84%, respectively when evaluating lesions of 5mm to 9mm. For diminutive rectosigmoid polyps, the NPV for adenomas was 81%. The serrated lesions showed both types of capillary pattern with equal frequency. CONCLUSIONS: Our results using NBI with electronic magnification showed that this method is useful for the differentiation of lesions 5 mm or bigger, as reported previously. Accuracy was diminished when evaluating lesions less than 5mm. NBI was not capable of aiding in the differential diagnosis of serrated lesions.

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Gastric polyps are mainly hyperplastic and benign. They are associated with idiosinchratic factors, genetic or associated to chronic use of pump inhibitors. Endoscopic resection is recommended even though the rate of malignant transformation is very low. The vast majority are encountered as incidental findings in routine endoscopy. When they grow beyond 10mm (they may reach several centimetres in diameter) gastric polyps are a cause of dyspepsia, bleeding or gastric outlet obstruction, if located in the antrum. We report a safe endoscopic resection of a giant gastric polyp combining injection, elevation, endoloop and argon plasma coagulation (APC).

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PEG or Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is a well known and widely used procedure. With adequate methodology of instrumentation and follow up it has very low rate of complications directly related or non-related to the procedure. Such complications include accidental retirement, wound infection, deterioration of tube, migration to sub-cutaneous tissue and others. We present a case in which a patient with long history of PEG shows up at our ER with melena (upper GI bleeding).

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Los pólipos gástricos suelen ser hiperplásicos y benignos en su gran mayoría. Se asocian entre otras a factores idiosincráticos, genéticos o al uso prolongado de bloqueadores de bomba. Si bien su grado de malignización es bajo se recomienda su remoción. La mayoría se encuentran incidentalmente en procedimientos de rutina. Cuando superan los 10 mm (pueden incluso llegan a medir varios centímetros) suelen causas dispepsia, pueden sangrar u obstruir el píloro si son ubicados en antro. Reportamos la remoción de un pólipo gástrico gigante con método combinado de inyección, elevación, uso de asa desprendible o endoloop, complementado con aplicación de argón plasma (APC).

Gastric polyps are mainly hyperplastic and benign. They are associated with idiosinchratic factors, genetic or associated to chronic use of pump inhibitors. Endoscopic resection is recommended eventhough the rate of malignant transformation is very low. The vast majority are encountered as incidental findings in routine endoscopy. When they grow beyond 10mm (they may reach several centimetres in diamater) gastric polyps are a cause of dyspepsia, bleeding or gastric outlet obstruction, if located in the antrum. We report a safe endoscopic resection of a giant gastric polyp combining injection, elevation, endoloop and argon plasma coagulation (APC).

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La gastrostomía endoscópica percutánea: PEG o GEP, es una técnica ampliamente difundida. Con una adecuada metodología de colocación y seguimiento tiene pocas complicaciones tanto en el peri-procedimiento como en el seguimiento a largo plazo. Se describen en cifras bajas, retiro accidental, infección, desgaste, migración al tejido sub-cutáneo, entre otras. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con sonda varios meses que acude con Hemorragia Digestiva a la Emergencia de nuestra Institución.

PEG or Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy is a well known and widely used procedure. With adequate methodology of instrumentation and follow up it has very low rate of complications directly related or non-related to the procedure. Such complications include accidental retirement, wound infection, deterioration of tube, migration to sub-cutaneous tissue and others. We present a case in which a patient with long history of PEG shows up at our ER with melena (upper GI bleeding).

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INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in high and mid social-economic classes in Peru is trending down. This prevalence has not been evaluated at our institution in several years. The sensitivity of biopsies of the different anatomic areas of the stomach has not been evaluated either. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Biopsies were taken from the antrum and body of the stomach for histologic evaluation. Biopsies were taken, one each, from body and antrum and were processed in the same sample for rapid urease test,(HpTest). HP infected patients were defined as those who had any of the three samples positive. Other variables evaluated were prior exposure to proton pump inhibitors, HP treatment, any other antibiotics, or bismuth subsalicylate. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of HP was 38.54%. It was 44.04% in those not exposed to the evaluated variables. Independent sensitivities were HpTest:84.46%, HISTOLOGY: 89.86%.Sensitivities for antral and body biopsies were 64.86% and 79.73%, respectively. Exposure to proton pump inhibitors diminished the sensitivity of antral biopsies to 44%. DISCUSSION: This is the lowest reported incidence of HP in Peru. This is clearly associated with the social economic class using our facilities. Antral biopsies have a low sensitivity, which is even lower with prior exposure to proton pump inhibitors. It is not recommended to use antral biopsies exclusively to diagnose HP infection. Key Words: Helicobacter Pylori, incidence, gastric biopsy.

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Introdución : La prevalencia de Helicobacter pylori (HP) en Perú tiende a disminuir en niveles socioeconómicos medio y alto. No ha sido evaluada recientemente. Se estudia pacientes de la Clínica Ricardo Palma (CRP), Para evaluar el porcentaje de HP en esta población igualmente la sensibilidad de las biopsias de distintas áreas del estómago. Métodos: Se tomaron biopsias del antro y del cuerpo gástrico para estudio histológico y biopsias del antro y cuerpo para procesarse juntas en una prueba rápida de la ureasa (HpTest). Se consideró infectados por HP a los pacientes con al menos una prueba positiva. Se registró la exposición a terapia previa contra HP, inhibidores de bomba de protones (IBPs), bismuto, y antibióticos. Resultados : La prevalencia de HP fue 38.5 por ciento. En pacientes con dispepsia no expuestos a los factores estudiados fue 44 por ciento. La sensibilidad de los exámenes fue: Hptest: 84 por ciento, histología: 89 por ciento, biopsia antral: 64 por ciento, biopsia corporal: 79 por ciento. La exposición a IBPs disminuyó la sensibilidad de la biopsia antral a 44 por ciento. Discusión: La prevalencia que describimos es la menor reportada en Perú. Se evidencia su disminución en la población atendida en la CRP. La biopsia antral tiene baja sensibilidad, quees aún menor si hay exposición a IBPs. No es recomendable la biopsia exclusiva del antro para el diagnóstico.

Introduction: The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in high and mid social-economic classes in Peru is trending down. This prevalence has not been evaluated at our institution inseveral years. The sensitivity of biopsies of the different anatomic areas of the stomach has not been evaluated either.Materials and Methods: Biopsies were taken from the antrum and body of the stomach for histologic evaluation. Biopsies were taken, one each, from body and antrum and were processedin the same sample for rapid urease test,(HpTest). HP infected patients were defined as those who had any of the three samples positive. Other variables evaluated were prior exposure toproton pump inhibitors, HP treatment, any other antibiotics, or bismuth subsalicylate. Results : The overall prevalence of HP was 38.54 percent. It was 44.04 percent in those not exposed to the evaluated variables. Independent sensitivities were HpTest:84.46 percent, Histology:89.86 percent. Sensitivities for antral and body biopsies were 64.86 percent and 79.73 percent, respectively. Exposure to proton pump inhibitors diminished the sensitivity of antral biopsies to 44 percent. Discusion: This is the lowest reported incidence of HP in Peru. This is clearly associated with the social economic class using our facilities. Antral biopsies have a low sensitivity, which is even lower with prior exposure to proton pump inhibitors. It is not recommended to use antral biopsies exclusively to diagnose HP infection.

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Reportamos nuestra experiencia de 10 años en procedimientos terapéuticos de la vía biliar (CPRE), describiendo los eventos adversos o complicaciones mayores y menores. Con descripción de posibles factores asociados, manejo, grupos etáreos y de riesgo. Comentamos también sobre las medidas a tomar para prevenirlos y tratarlos. Las complicaciones descritas son pancreatitis, perforacion, enfisema sub-cutáneo, neumoperitoneo, neumomediastino, neumotórax y excepcionalmente hematoma subcapsular hepático. Se reporta las indicaciones de los procedimientos.El total de complicaciones fué de 54 casos (3.98 por ciento de 1356 intervenciones). La Pancreatitis aguda PA fué la complicación más común con 39 casos(2.88 por ciento del total y 72 por ciento de las complicaciones) . El 79.49 por ciento de la PA fué leve. El 82 por ciento de la PA ocurre en mujeres. La mortalidad relacionada al procedimiento fué de 1 caso (0.007 por ciento).

We report our experience of 10 years in therapeutic procedures of the bile duct (ERCP), describing adverse events or major and minor complications.We describe the associated factors, management, and risk age groups. We comment on the measures taken to prevent and treat them. The reported complications are pancreatitis, perforation, sub-cutaneous emphysema, pneumoperitoneum, pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax and exceptionally sub capsularliver hematoma. We report the particulars of the proceedings.The total number of complications was 54 cases (3.98 percent of 1356 interventions). The Acutepancreatitis PA was the most common complication in 39 cases (2.88 percen of the total and 72 percen of complications). The 79.49 percen of the PA was mild. 82 percen of the PA occurs in women. The procedure related mortality was 1 case (0.007 percen).

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

We report our experience of 10 years in therapeutic procedures of the bile duct (ERCP), describing adverse events or major and minor complications. We describe the associated factors, management, and risk age groups. We comment on the measures taken to prevent and treat them. The reported complications are pancreatitis, perforation, sub-cutaneous emphysema, pneumoperitoneum, pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax and exceptionally sub capsular liver hematoma. We report the particulars of the proceedings. The total number of complications was 54 cases (3.98% of 1356 interventions). The Acute pancreatitis PA was the most common complication in 39 cases (2.88% of the total and 72% of complications). The 79.49% of the PA was mild. 82% of the PA occurs in women.The procedure related mortality was 1 case (0.007%).

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RESUMEN

The case of a 34 year-old woman with multiple lithiasis of Wirsung's duct who underwent a modified Puestow's operation is presented. Two (2) months after the surgery, the patient entered with a severe pain chart compatible with acute pancreatitis as a result of chronic pancreatitis. A very large lithiasis is observed in the head of the pancreas. Therapeutic procedure, pancreatic sphincterotomy and mechanical lithotripsy are performed. The procedure is described and the literature is reviewed.

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RESUMEN

Presentamos el caso de una paciente mujer de 34 años con litiasis múltiple del Wirsung sometida a cirugía modificada de Puestow. Dos meses después de la cirugía la paciente ingresa con cuadro de dolor severo compatible con pancreatitis aguda sobrepuesta en pancreatitis crónica. Se observa litiasis gigante de cabeza de páncreas. Se realiza procedimiento terapéutico esfinterotomía de páncreas y litotripsia mecánica. Se describe el procedimiento y se revisa la literatura.

The case of a 34 year-old woman with multiple lithiasis of Wirsung's duct who underwenta modified Puestow's operation is presented. Two (2) months after the surgery, the patiententered with a severe pain chart compatible with acute pancreatitis as a result of chronicpancreatitis. A very large lithiasis is observed in the head of the pancreas. Therapeuticprocedure, pancreatic sphincterotomy and mechanical lithotripsy are performed. Theprocedure is described and the literature is reviewed.

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