RESUMEN

PURPOSE: There is increasing concern about rising carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their hazardous effect on human health. This study quantifies the energy utilization of proton therapy, assesses the corresponding carbon footprint, and discusses possible offsetting strategies toward carbon-neutral health care operations. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Patients treated between July 2020 and June 2021 using the Mevion proton system were evaluated. Current measurements were converted to kilowatts of power consumption. Patients were reviewed for disease, dose, number of fractions, and duration of beam. The Environmental Protection Agency calculator was used to convert power consumption to tons of CO2 equivalent (CO2e) for scope-based carbon footprint accounting. RESULTS: There were 185 patients treated and a total of 5176 fractions delivered (average, 28). Power consumption was 55.8 kW in standby/night mode and 64.4 kW during BeamOn, for an annual total of 490 MWh. BeamOn time was 149.6 hours, and BeamOn consumption accounted for 2% of the machine total. Power consumption was 52 kWh per patient (breast, highest at 140 kWh; prostate, lowest at 28 kWh). Annual power consumption of the administrative areas was approximately 96 MWh, for a program total of 586 MWh. The carbon footprint for BeamOn time was 4.17 metric tons of CO2e, or 23 kg per patient course (breast cancer, 60 kg; prostate, 12 kg). The annual carbon footprint for the machine was 212.2 tons CO2e, and for the proton program, 253.7 tons CO2e, with an attributed footprint of 1372 kg CO2e per patient. The corresponding CO2e offset for the program could be 4192 new trees planted and grown for 10 years (23 trees per patient). CONCLUSIONS: The carbon footprint varied by disease treated. On average, the carbon footprint was 23 kg of CO2e per patient and 253.7 tons of CO2e for the proton program. There are a number of reduction, mitigation, and offset strategies possible for radiation oncologists that should be explored, such as waste minimization, less treatment commuting, efficient energy use, and renewable electricity power use.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

RESUMEN La papa es afectada por el ataque de Tecia solanivora que causa pérdidas hasta del 80%. Variedades genéticamente modificadas y biocontroladores, pueden ser usados para su manejo. Este estudio pretendió determinó el potencial socioeconómico de pequeños productores de papa de la región Cundiboyacense para la adopción de estas estrategias biotecnológicas, mediante encuestas cara a cara y el uso de metodologías como presupuestos parciales y modelo de regresión logística. Los resultados revelan que el tipo de semilla define la adopción, existiendo un interés por tecnologías que permitan el control de la plaga, por lo cual estarían dispuestos a pagar hasta un 30% más del valor actual por esta. La metodología de presupuestos parciales evidenció un efecto económico positivo en los diferentes escenarios planteados. Se concluyó que los pequeños productores de papa de los municipios analizados cuentan con un alto potencial socioeconómico para la adopción del paquete biotecnológico.

ABSTRACT The potato is affected by the attack of Tecia solanivora that causes losses of up to 80%. Genetically modified varieties and biocontrol agents, can be used for its control. This study aimed to determine the socioeconomic potential of small potato producers in the Cundiboyacense region for the adoption of these biotechnological strategies, through face-to-face surveys and the use of methodologies such as partial budgets and logistic regression model. The results reveal that the type of seed defines adoption, there being an interest in technologies that allow pest control, so they would be willing to pay up to 30% more of the current value for this. The methodology of partial budgets showed a positive economic effect in the different scenarios proposed. It was concluded that small potato producers in the municipalities analyzed have a high socioeconomic potential for the adoption of the biotechnology package.

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To provide updated information regarding the 12-month prevalence and associated sociodemographic factors for suicide ideation and behavior (plan and attempts) to substantiate preventive programs in Mexico. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional nationally representative survey, conducted during 2016 (n=56 877) among those 12-65 years old living in rural, urban and metropolitan dwellings. RESULTS: The prevalence of suicide ideation in the last 12-months was 2.3%, 0.8% of the sample reported a plan and 0.7% reported a suicide attempt. All three outcomes were about two times more common among females and suicide plan and attempt were less common among the elderly (50-65 years old). Suicide attempts were more common in urban than in rural areas. The state of Tabasco showed an increased prevalence of ideation, plan and attempts when compared to national average rates. CONCLUSIONS: Public health measures to diminish and treat suicidal behavior are urgently needed all over the country.

OBJETIVO: Dar información actualizada sobre la prevalencia de 12 meses y los factores sociodemográficos asociados para la ideación y el comportamiento suicida (plan e intentos) para fundamentar programas preventivos en México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Encuesta transversal representativa a nivel nacional, por sexo y grupos de edad, realizada durante 2016 (n = 56 877) entre personas de entre12 y 65 años de edad en zonas rurales, urbanas y metropolitanas. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de ideación suicida en los últimos 12 meses fue de 2.3%, 0.8% de la muestra informó un plan y 0.7% informó un intento de suicidio. Los tres resultados fueron aproximadamente dos veces más comunes entre las mujeres y el intento de suicidio fue menos común entre los más viejos (50 a 65 años). Los intentos de suicidio fueron más comunes en las zonas urbanas que en las rurales. El estado de Tabasco mostró una mayor prevalencia de ideas, planes e intentos en comparación con las tasas promedio nacionales. CONCLUSIONES: Es urgente y necesario que existan medidas de salud pública para disminuir y tratar el comportamiento suicida en todo el país.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Abstract: Objective: To provide updated information regarding the 12-month prevalence and associated sociodemographic factors for suicide ideation and behavior (plan and attempts) to substantiate preventive programs in Mexico. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional nationally representative survey, conducted during 2016 (n=56 877) among those 12-65 years old living in rural, urban and metropolitan dwellings. Results: The prevalence of suicide ideation in the last 12-months was 2.3%, 0.8% of the sample reported a plan and 0.7% reported a suicide attempt. All three outcomes were about two times more common among females and suicide plan and attempt were less common among the elderly (50-65 years old). Suicide attempts were more common in urban than in rural areas. The state of Tabasco showed an increased prevalence of ideation, plan and attempts when compared to national average rates. Conclusions: Public health measures to diminish and treat suicidal behavior are urgently needed all over the country.

Resumen: Objetivo: Dar información actualizada sobre la prevalencia de 12 meses y los factores sociodemográficos asociados para la ideación y el comportamiento suicida (plan e intentos) para fundamentar programas preventivos en México. Material y métodos: Encuesta transversal representativa a nivel nacional, por sexo y grupos de edad, realizada durante 2016 (n = 56 877) entre personas de entre12 y 65 años de edad en zonas rurales, urbanas y metropolitanas. Resultados: La prevalencia de ideación suicida en los últimos 12 meses fue de 2.3%, 0.8% de la muestra informó un plan y 0.7% informó un intento de suicidio. Los tres resultados fueron aproximadamente dos veces más comunes entre las mujeres y el intento de suicidio fue menos común entre los más viejos (50 a 65 años). Los intentos de suicidio fueron más comunes en las zonas urbanas que en las rurales. El estado de Tabasco mostró una mayor prevalencia de ideas, planes e intentos en comparación con las tasas promedio nacionales. Conclusiones: Es urgente y necesario que existan medidas de salud pública para disminuir y tratar el comportamiento suicida en todo el país.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a coccidiosis y amibiasis intestinal en niños de edad escolar del distrito de Chongoyape, Chiclayo, Perú. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal de tipo relacional entre noviembre del 2014 y enero del 2015 en 133 escolares. Para recolectar la información sociodemográfica y de saneamiento se usó un cuestionario estructurado. La detección de los parásitos se realizó en muestras seriadas de heces. Para los coccidios intestinales se realizó examen microscópico directo (EMD), técnica ácido resistente modificada (TARM) y ELISA coproantígenos para Cryptosporidium spp., mientras que para la amibiasis se usó EMD y ELISA coproantígenos para Entamoeba hystolitica. Resultados: El 6,8% (9/133) de la muestra presentó coccidiosis intestinal, 3,8% (5/133) con Cryptosporidium spp., y 3,0% (4/133) con Cyclospora cayetanensis. No se detectó Cystoisospora belli. El 4,5% (6/133) de la muestra presentó E. histolytica. El factor asociado en ambas parasitosis fue el consumo de agua insalubre (p=0,001 y p=0,026 respectivamente), mientras que el contacto con animales se asoció a la coccidiosis intestinal (p=0,013). Conclusiones: La coccidiosis y la amibiasis intestinal son frecuentes en niños de la población estudiada, evidenciando su importancia como problema de salud pública y la necesidad de un diagnóstico específico y rutinario en las instituciones de salud de la región. (AU)

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for intestinal coccidiosis and amebiasis in school-age children in the district of Chongoyape, Chiclayo, Peru. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried-out between November 2014 and January 2015 among 133 school-aged children. A structures questionnaire collected socio-demographic and sanitation information. Serial stool samples were required, which were processed under direct microscopy, modified acid-fast staining and ELISA to detect antigens of Cryptosporidium spp, while direct microscopy and ELISA were used to detect Entamoeba hystolitica. Results: 6.8% (9/133) of the samples were positive for coccidian parasites, 3.8% (5/133) were positive for Cryptosporidium and 3% (4/133) for Cyclospora cayetanensis, no Cystoisospora belli was identified. E. hystolitica was found in 4.5% (6/133) samples. Drinking non-potable water was a risk factor for getting both infections, while animal contact was associated with getting a coccidian parasite (p=0.013). Conclusions: Both coccidian and intestinal amebas are frequent protozoan infections in this population. These parasites are public health problem that require routine and specific diagnostic methods in the region. (AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Boron-doped diamond (BDD) has seen a substantial increase in interest for use as electrode coating material for electrochemistry and studies of deep brain stimulation mechanism. In this study, we present an alternative method for determining important characteristics, including conductivity, carrier concentration, and time constant, of such material by the signature of Drude-like metallic behavior in the far-infrared (IR) spectral range. Unlike the direct determination of conductivity from the four-point probe method, using far-IR transmittance provides additional information, such as whether the incorporation of boron results in a large concentration of carriers or in inducing defects in the diamond lattice. The slightly doped to medium-doped BDD samples that were produced using chemical vapor deposition and analyzed in this work show conductivities ranging between 5.5 and 11 (Ω cm)-1. Different growth conditions demonstrate that increasing boron concentration results in an increase in the carrier concentration, with values between 7.2 × 1016 and 2.5 × 1017 carriers/cm3. Addition of boron, besides leading to a decrease in the resistivity, also resulted in a decrease in the time constant, limiting BDD conductivity. Investigations, by confocal Raman mapping, of the induced stress in the material due to interaction with the substrate or to the amount of doping are also presented and discussed. The induced tensile stress, which was distributed closer to the film-substrate interface decreased slightly with doping.

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

La gangrena pulmonar es una entidad poco frecuente que se ha encontrado asociada a desnutrición y a la ingesta de alcohol. En nuestro centro se trató el caso de un paciente con el diagnóstico de gangrena pulmonar más fístula broncopleural quien a pesar del tratamiento convencional no evolucionó satisfactoriamente siendo necesario la resolución quirúrgica a través de la neumonectomía en el manejo de esta patología

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)