RESUMEN
The complexity of the agroecosystem can also be assessed by the different land uses in the system and the surroundings, being a relevant way to assess the heterogeneity of the landscape and the effects on the community of interest, in this case, entomofauna. Thus, the objective of this work is to verify how the use of soil in the surroundings of Chilean lettuce horticultural systems, in the Coquimbo Region, alters the entomological community of the crop. Insect sampling was conducted (February 2021 to March 2022) using yellow pan traps. Two sites will be sampled on each of the seven studied lettuce crops. Land use and land cover classes were defined: Forests, water bodies, shrub vegetation, grasslands, barren lands, impermeable surfaces, and urban areas. After land use and land cover classification, buffers of 500 to 5,000 m were created around each data collection point. For data analysis, the percentages of land use of different classes were compared with the ecological attributes: Abundance of insects, abundance of insect pests, richness of entomological families and types of oral apparatus (licker-sucker, mandible, picker-sucker, and sucker). Land uses at different distances from horticultural systems affected the entomological community.
Asunto(s)
Insectos , Lactuca , Animales , Lactuca/clasificación , Insectos/clasificación , Chile , Horticultura , Biodiversidad , Productos Agrícolas/clasificación , Densidad de Población , Suelo/químicaRESUMEN
The French grunt, Haemulon flavolineatum, is an abundant fish and a good model for studying parasite communities. Specimens were collected at 4 localities between the Campeche Bank (within the Gulf of Mexico) and the Mexican Caribbean Sea to describe and compare the differences and similarities between localities and regions in the communities of parasitic helminths. Thus, we calculated the Hill numbers associated with species richness (q = 0) and the dominance estimator (q = 2) using rarefaction and extrapolation curves to provide asymptotic estimators of diversity. A 2-way PERMANOVA was used to determine whether there was a significant difference in parasite assemblage structure between localities or regions. A total of 11 helminth taxa (species level) were recorded in 104 individuals of H. flavolineatum, consisting of 8 digenean trematodes species, 2 acanthocephalan species, and 1 nematode species. Our findings include new reports of 7 parasite taxa and new geographical records for some parasites in H. flavolineatum. The highest dissimilarities in parasite composition were observed between the most distant locations (Banco Chinchorro vs. Cayo Arcas) that were each located in different regions. Species richness was similar between regions, although the most dominant helminths were Postmonorchis orthopristis and Dollfustrema sp. in the Mexican Caribbean and Campeche Bank regions, respectively. Future studies should explore how patterns in parasite community structure are affected by currents running south to north by the Yucatan Current through the Yucatan Channel and easterly to Campeche Bank.
Asunto(s)
Helmintiasis Animal , Helmintos , Parásitos , Perciformes , Trematodos , Animales , México/epidemiología , Peces/parasitología , Helmintiasis Animal/epidemiología , Helmintiasis Animal/parasitologíaRESUMEN
In this work we have collected a set of 30 trypanosomicidal naphthoquinones and developed pharmacophoric and 3D-QSAR models as tools for the design of new potential anti-Chagasic compounds. Firstly, qualitative information was obtained from SAR and pharmacophoric models identifying some fragments around the 2-aryloxynaphthoquinone scaffold important for the antiparasitic activity. Then, 3D-QSAR CoMFA and CoMSIA models were developed. The models showed adequate statistical parameters where the steric, electrostatic, and hydrophobic features explain the trypanosomicidal effect. Therefore, to validate our models, we carried out the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation on T. cruzi epimastigotes of five new compounds (33a-e). According to CoMFA model, three out of five compounds showed pIC50 values within one logarithmic unit of deviation. The two compounds that did not fit the predictions were those with high lipophilicity, which agreed with the SAR and pharmacophore models. Docking and molecular dynamic studies were performed on T. cruzi trypanothione reductase, in a proposed binding site for this type of naphthoquinone. Interestingly, 33a-e showed the same interaction pattern as a naphthoquinone inhibitor (2). Finally, predicted drug-likeness properties indicated that 33a-e have optimal oral bioavailability. Thus, this study provides new in silico models for obtaining novel trypanosomicidal compounds.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Chagas , Naftoquinonas , Trypanosoma cruzi , Antiparasitarios , Enfermedad de Chagas/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Modelos Moleculares , Naftoquinonas/farmacología , Relación Estructura-Actividad CuantitativaRESUMEN
OBJETIVO: Realizar una caracterización clínica y por imágenes a pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 y analizar si existen predictores de riesgo asociados con una mayor gravedad. MÉTODO: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19, entre abril y julio de 2020. Se registraron datos demográficos, comorbilidades, exámenes de laboratorio, tipo de compromiso en tomografía computada (TC) de tórax, terapias recibidas y tipo de soporte respiratorio. En el análisis estadístico para identificar factores de riesgo se utilizó test χ2 de Pearson o test de Fisher para comparar variables categóricas y test de Mann-Whitney para comparar variables continuas. RESULTADOS: Se analizaron 164 pacientes. La mediana de edad fue de 57 años (rango 21 a 89). 111 pacientes (68%) de género masculino y mediana de 7 días de síntomas previo al ingreso (rango 1 a 23). 68 pacientes (41%) tienen obesidad (significativamente mayor en pacientes < 60 años, p = 0,026), 56 (34%) hipertensión arterial (HTA) y 43 (26%) diabetes. El patrón predominante en la TC de ingreso fue de vidrio esmerilado (VE) con "crazy paving" (35%) y luego VE puro (28%). Como indicador de gravedad se tomó en cuenta el tipo de soporte ventilatorio requerido: 51 pacientes (31%) requieren soporte ventilatorio no invasivo (cánula nasal de alto flujo o VMNI) y 19 (11%) ventilación invasiva (VMI). Las variables predictoras de gravedad, estadísticamente significativas, fueron: HTA (p = 0,001), Diabetes Mellitus (p = 0,001) y Obesidad. (p = 0,002). CONCLUSIONES: Los pacientes hospitalizados por COVID 19 con mayor riesgo de evolución tórpida, del punto de vista respiratorio, fueron los pacientes obesos, hipertensos y diabéticos.
OBJECTIVE: To perform a clinical and imaging characterization in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and to analyze whether there are risk predictors associated with greater severity of the condition. METHOD: Observational, retrospective study. Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were included between April and July 2020. Demographic data, comorbidities, laboratory tests, tomographic pattern in thorax tomography (TC), therapies received, and type of respiratory support were recorded. In the statistical analysis to identify risk factors, we used Pearson's χ2 test or Fisher's test to compare categorical variables and Mann-Whitney test to compare continuous variables. RESULTS: 164 patients were analyzed. Median age was 57 years (21 to 89). 111 patients (68%) were male and a median of 7 days of symptoms prior to admission (1 to 23). 68 patients (41%) have obesity (significantly higher in patients < 60 years, p = 0.026), 56 (34%) arterial hypertension (HT) and 43 (26%) with diabetes mellitus. The predominant pattern in the admission CT scan was ground glass opacity (GGO) with "crazy paving" (35%) and then pure GGO (28%). Type of ventilatory support required was considered as an indicator of severity. 51 patients (31%) require non-invasive ventilatory support (high-flow nasal cannula or NIMV) and 19 (11%) invasive ventilation (IMV). The statistically significant predictor variables of severity were HT (p = 0.001), Diabetes Mellitus (p = 0.001) and Obesity. (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Patients hospitalized for COVID 19 with the highest risk of respiratory torpid evolution were obese, hypertensive and diabetic patients
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Adulto Joven , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/epidemiología , Respiración Artificial , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Comorbilidad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Corticoesteroides/uso terapéutico , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiología , Prueba de COVID-19 , COVID-19/terapia , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Obesidad/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
In Latin-America, with 603 million inhabitants, the average prevalence of asthma is estimated at 17%, but with wide fluctuations, ranging from 5% in some cities (Mexico) to 30% in Costa Rica. The risk of severe exacerbations seems to be higher in Latin America compared with other regions. A majority of patients uses daily quick-relief medication, with the belief that it is the most important treatment because of its rapid onset of action; without treating the underlying inflammation. Overuse of short-acting beta2 agonists (SABAs) is associated with increased risk of asthma deaths in a dose-response manner. Beta2 agonists increase the severity of asthma through enhanced bronchial hyperresponsiveness and reduced lung function. Also, it has been shown that overreliance on SABA delays recognition of a potentially life-threatening asthma attack. We believe that overreliance on SABA in asthma is also an important public health issue. The fact that SABA use in GINA is not supported by a randomized trial but by an anonymous paper; makes us guess that we use SABA just because we are used to do so. In 2019 GINA strategy introduces one of the most important changes in the management of Asthma in the past 30 years, highlighting anti-inflammatory reliever therapy. A combination of low dose ICS/fast action bronchodilator will not only treat symptoms, but more importantly the underlying inflammation, protecting patients from preventable asthma attacks. After 50 years of a SABA centric approach in asthma management, it is time to leave behind a treatment based just on the bronchodilation and tackle the inflammation.
Asunto(s)
Agonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/uso terapéutico , Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Asma/epidemiología , Broncodilatadores/uso terapéutico , Humanos , América Latina/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic liver resections (LLR) have been increasingly performed in recent years. Most of the available evidence, however, comes from specialized centers in Asia, Europe and USA. Data from South America are limited and based on single-center experiences. To date, no multicenter studies evaluated the results of LLR in South America. The aim of this study was to evaluate the experience and results with LLR in South American centers. METHODS: From February to November 2019, a survey about LLR was conducted in 61 hepatobiliary centers in South America, composed by 20 questions concerning demographic characteristics, surgical data, and perioperative results. RESULTS: Fifty-one (83.6%) centers from seven different countries answered the survey. A total of 2887 LLR were performed, as follows: Argentina (928), Brazil (1326), Chile (322), Colombia (210), Paraguay (9), Peru (75), and Uruguay (8). The first program began in 1997; however, the majority (60.7%) started after 2010. The percentage of LLR over open resections was 28.4% (4.4-84%). Of the total, 76.5% were minor hepatectomies and 23.5% major, including 266 right hepatectomies and 343 left hepatectomies. The conversion rate was 9.7%, overall morbidity 13%, and mortality 0.7%. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest study assessing the dissemination and results of LLR in South America. It showed an increasing number of centers performing LLR with the promising perioperative results, aligned with other worldwide excellence centers.
Asunto(s)
Laparoscopía , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Argentina , Asia , Brasil , Chile , Colombia , Europa (Continente) , Hepatectomía , Humanos , Hígado , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirugía , PerúRESUMEN
Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are the most frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised children. Voriconazole is the first-line antifungal choice in the treatment of IFIs like aspergillosis. Voriconazole pharmacokinetics vary widely among patients and voriconazole is metabolized mainly in the liver by the CYP2C19 enzyme, which is highly polymorphic. The CYP2C19*17 allele is characterized by the presence of four single nucleotide polymorphisms expressing an ultra-rapid enzyme phenotype with an accelerated voriconazole metabolism, is associated with low (sub-therapeutic) plasma levels in patients treated with the standard dose. Considering that in our center a high percentage of children have sub-therapeutic levels of voriconazole when treated with standard doses, we sought to determine the frequency of the CYP2C19*17 polymorphism (rs12248560) in a Chilean population and determine the association between voriconazole concentrations and the rs12248560 variant in immunocompromised children. First, we evaluated the frequency of the rs12248560 variant in a group of 232 healthy Chilean children, and we found that 180 children (77.6%) were non-carriers of the rs12248560 variant, 49 children (21.1%) were heterozygous carriers for rs12248560 variant and only 3 children (1.3%) were homozygous carriers for rs12248560 variant, obtaining an allelic frequency of 12% for variant in a Chilean population. To determine the association between voriconazole concentrations and the rs12248560 variant, we analyzed voriconazole plasma concentrations in a second group of 33 children treated with voriconazole. In these patients, carriers of the rs12248560 variant presented significantly lower voriconazole plasma concentrations than non-carriers (p = 0,011). In this study, we show the presence of the rs12248560 variant in a Chilean population and its accelerating effect on the pharmacokinetics of voriconazole in pediatric patients. From these data, it would be advisable to consider the variant of the patient prior to calculating the dosage of voriconazole.
Asunto(s)
Antifúngicos/farmacocinética , Citocromo P-450 CYP2C19/genética , Huésped Inmunocomprometido/genética , Infecciones Fúngicas Invasoras/tratamiento farmacológico , Voriconazol/farmacocinética , Antifúngicos/sangre , Niño , Preescolar , Chile , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Polimorfismo Genético , Voriconazol/sangreRESUMEN
INTRODUCCIÓN: El síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS) es más prevalente en hombres, los estudios poblacionales muestran una relación de 2:1, sin embargo, en los estudios clínicos la frecuencia llega a ser de hasta de 6:1. Estas diferencias en el ambiente clínico puede ser consecuencia de variaciones en el reporte de síntomas en hombres comparados con mujeres. OBJETIVO: Evaluar las diferencias de género en la presentación clínica de apnea obstructiva de sueño. Pacientes: Estudio transversal de pacientes sometidos a una poligrafía respiratoria (PR) con sospecha clínica de SAHOS. Se recolectaron datos demográficos, antropométricos, comorbilidades y las variables de la PR. Se realizó estudio t de student, Mann-Whitney y chi-cuadrado según correspondiera. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 1.044 pacientes: edad promedio 53,2 ± 14 años, 76% hombres. Las mujeres con SAHOS poseen mayor IMC (32,2 ± 6,1 vs 30,8 ± 5,0; p=0,002) y edad (61,4 ± 12,2 vs 52,6 ± 13,9; p < 0,001), pero menor circunferencia de cuello (CC) (38,1 ± 3,6 vs 43,2 ± 3,3; p < 0,001), además, presentan menor IA/H y menor duración de las apneas. No hubo diferencias en los síntomas clásicos de apneas presenciada y somnolencia diurna, sin embargo, describen más frecuentemente insomnio, cefalea matinal, depresión y uso de fármacos hipnóticos. CONCLUSIONES: Las mujeres al momento del diagnóstico son de mayor edad y más obesas, aunque presentan una CC menor, presentan una enfermedad más leve, pero refieren más fatiga, cansancio, cefalea e insomnio. Debemos estar alerta en la presentación clínica diferente de las mujeres para mejorar la sospecha diagnóstica.
INTRODUCTION: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is more prevalent in men, population studies show a ratio of 2:1, however in clinical studies the frequency is as high as 6:1. These differences in the clinical setting may be a consequence of variations in the reporting of symptoms in men compared to women. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate gender differences between women and men with recent diagnosis of OSA. Patients: A cross-sectional, study of patients undergoing home sleep apnea testing (HSAT) with clinical suspicion of OSA. Demographic, anthropometric, comorbidities and HSAT variables were collected. We performed t student analysis, Mann-Whitney test or chi square test as appropriate. RESULTS: 1,044 patients were included: mean age 53.2 ± 14 years, 76% men. Women with OSA have a higher BMI (32.2 ± 6.1 vs 30.8 ± 5.0, p = 0.002), were older (61.4 ± 12.2 vs 52.6 ± 13.9, p <0.001), but have a lower neck circumference (NC) (38.1 ± 3.6 vs. 43.2 ± 3.3, p <0.001). The women presented lower AHI and shorter duration of apneas. Although the classic symptoms of apnea and daytime sleepiness showed no differences, women reported more frequently insomnia, morning headache, depression and use of hypnotic drugs. CONCLUSIONS:: Clinical differences between gender are present at time of diagnosis. Woman are older and more obese, although they have a lower NC. They have a milder disease, but they refer to be more tired, headache, insomnia and depression. We must be alert in the different clinical presentation of women to improve the diagnostic suspicion.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Polisomnografía/métodos , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/epidemiología , Índice de Masa Corporal , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Comorbilidad , Factores Sexuales , Antropometría , Estudios Transversales , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/diagnóstico , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Resumen El síndrome de apnea hipoapnea del sueño (SAHS), está asociado fuertemente a la obesidad. El objetivo de este estudio es determinar las variaciones en el índice de masa corporal (IMC) en pacientes portadores de SAHS luego de un año de tratamiento con CPAP. Resultados: 104 pacientes varones fueron incluidos en este estudio, las variables analizadas fueron: índice de apnea-hipopnea (IAH), índice de masa corporal (IMC) y cuestionario de somnolencia diurna Epworth. Respecto a los datos obtenidos de IMC, se encontró tras un año de tratamiento con CPAP un descenso significativo de esta variable (p < 0,001). En la escala de somnolencia también se obtuvo un descenso significativo. Discusión: La evidencia ha sugerido regularmente que a mayor peso corporal existirían también niveles más elevados de IAH, las mejoras en el IMC referidas en este estudio, resaltan la importancia del correcto tratamiento no solo en el control de los eventos respiratorios, sino que en la disminución del peso corporal.
Sleep Apnea Syndrome (SAS) it is highly related to obesity. The main purpose of this study is to determine the variation between Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) and Body Mass Index (BMI) on sleep apnea patients after a year of CPAP treatment on the Linde Sleep Center. Results: 104 male patients were included in this study, the variables analyzed were; AHI, BMI, Epworth daytime somnolence. As for the data obtained from BMI, after one year of treatment with CPAP, the BMI showed a significant decrease (p < 0.001). In the daytime sleepiness scale, a significant decrease was also found between pre and post treatment values. Discussion: Evidence has consistently suggested that higher body weight would also have higher levels of AHI, and the improvements in BMI referred to in this study emphasize the importance of proper treatment not only in control of respiratory events, but in the reduction of body weight.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Índice de Masa Corporal , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/terapia , Presión de las Vías Aéreas Positiva Contínua , Síndromes de la Apnea del Sueño/diagnóstico , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
The red octopus Octopus maya Voss et Solís-Ramírez, 1966 is an endemic species and one of the most important fishery resources of the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. Due to its economic importance and the fact that in recent years interest in farming this species has increased, several initiatives have been implemented to study its biology and requirements for cultivation. Parasites represent an important component of the biology of the red octopus, as they can have an impact on both wild and cultivated populations. A total of 44 O. maya specimens were sampled from the fishing ports of Ría Lagartos and Dzilam de Bravo, Yucatán; specimens were measured and subsequently subjected to histological analysis of the buccal masses where cestode larvae (Prochristianella sp.) were found in the anterior salivary glands. Results of a chi-squared test showed that specimen size class and infestation levels (parasite abundance) were significantly correlated, with parasite damage levels more pronounced in larger animals. The damage caused to the anterior salivary glands by this parasite could have serious implications for feeding and reproductive success of O. maya.
Asunto(s)
Cestodos/fisiología , Octopodiformes/parasitología , Glándulas Salivales/parasitología , Animales , Branquias/parasitología , Interacciones Huésped-Parásitos , Intestinos/parasitología , MéxicoRESUMEN
The proteolytic enzymes from Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis have demonstrated efficacy to accelerate healing of skin lesions. We report here the efficacy of the proteolytic fraction - P1G10 during repair of excisional wounds in rodent model and analyze possible mediators involved. Using 0.05% P1G10 we observed on day 3rd increased wound contraction accompanied by an increase in activated neutrophils and VEGF relative to the control. On day 7th neutrophils returned to normal levels, and at 0.01% P1G10, an increase in NAG activity used to monitor monocyte/macrophage, was observed. On the other hand, on day 7th, we observed a decrease in TGF-ß at 0.05% P1G10, accompanied by an increased transformation of the latent TGF-ß to its active form. Also, on day 7th a reduction in MMP-9 activity and the number of apoptotic cells was observed along with an increase in fibroblast levels. Morphometrically, it appears that treatment with P1G10 accelerates the decline of initial inflammatory phase and reduces some unwanted effects likely caused by remaining TGF-ß or MMPs, thus enhancing the quality of scar. Overall, these data suggest that the active proteolytic fraction P1G10 enhances the efficacy of repair in excisional cutaneous wounds.
Asunto(s)
Carica , Látex/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Proteolisis , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Látex/aislamiento & purificación , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Péptido Hidrolasas/aislamiento & purificación , Péptido Hidrolasas/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Proteolisis/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/patología , Cicatrización de Heridas/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA) is the result of repetitive collapse of the upper airway during the sleep. There is a group of patients with a positional component; which is defined as a reduction of at least 50% in the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) from the supine to a lateral position. Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine positional OSA prevalence and compare clinical characteristics and polygraph recordings among this group of patients. Methods: Prospective study of polygraph recording of patients with suspect of OSA between 2009-2014. Demographic, anthropometric, comorbidities and polygraph recording data was collected. OSA was defined as AHI > 5 events per hour Results: From a total of 457 patients with OSA diagnose, 243 had a positional component (53%). Positional Sleep Apnea patients had mild AHI (p < 0.001), a lower neck circumference (p = 0.001), lower Body Mass Index (p = 0.003) and a lower presence of arterial hypertension (p = 0.001). The multivariable analysis confirmed that there is a lower probability in Positional OSA in patients with Severe AHI (OR 0,96: IC 0,94-0,97), with hypertension (0,54: IC 0,33-0,88) and males (OR 0,41: IC 0,21-0,81). Conclusions: Positional obstructive sleep apnea is a very frequent condition presented in 53% of OSA patients; these patients have often mild AHI, lower BMI, lower neck circumference, less hypertensive, and are usually females.
Introducción: El síndrome de apnea e hipopnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS) es producto de un colapso repetido a nivel de la vía aérea superior, durante el sueño. Existe un grupo de pacientes con SAHOS con componente postural, definida por una reducción del 50% o más en el índice de apnea hipopnea (IAH) de la posición supina a la lateral. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de SAHOS postural y comparar las características clínicas y de la poligrafía respiratoria (PR) de este grupo de pacientes. Metodología: Estudio prospectivo de PR entre 2009-2014, derivados a realización de estudio por sospecha clínica de SAHOS. Se recolectaron datos demográficos, antropométricos, comorbilidades y diferentes variables de la PR. Se definió presencia de SAHOS un IAH mayor de 5 eventos/h. Resultados: De un total de 457pacientes con diagnóstico de SAHOS, 243presentaban SAHOS postural (53%). Los pacientes con SAHOS postural eran más leves (p < 0,001), tenían una circunferencia cervical (p = 0,001) e índice de masa corporal (p = 0,003) menor y con menor frecuencia eran hipertensos (p = 0,001). El análisis multivariado confirmó menor probabilidad SAHOS postural en sujetos con IAH graves (OR 0,96: IC 0,94-0,97): hipertensos (0,54: IC 0,33-0,88) y de sexo masculino (OR 0,41: IC 0,21-0,81). Conclusiones: El SAHOS postural es una entidad muy frecuente que está presente en el 53% de los pacientes con SAHOS, estos sujetos tienden a presentar enfermedad más leve, tener un IMC y circunferencia cervical menor, menor frecuencia de hipertensión arterial y son preferentemente mujeres.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Postura/fisiología , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/epidemiología , Atención Ambulatoria , Análisis de Varianza , Índice de Masa Corporal , Comorbilidad , Polisomnografía , Prevalencia , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate the risk factors associated with lung cancer (LC) and other second neoplasms (SN) in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and outcomes of 604 patients treated in our institution between 1968 and 2012. RESULTS: 90 out of 604 patients developed SN: 27 LC and 63 other SN. The median time elapsed until LC and other SN was 16.5 and 11.8 years, respectively (p = 0.003). In the LC group, 85.5 % of patients were male and 84.6 % smokers (HR 7, 95 % CI 2.4-20.7, p < 0.001). Radiotherapy (RT) doses applied were higher in the SN group with an increased risk of LC (HR: 4.0 95 % CI 1.1-11.6, p = 0.010) and other SN (HR: 3.3 95 % CI 1.6-6.7 p = 0.001) with doses higher than 42 Gy. No association was found between alkylating agents and development of SN. In LC, the most frequent histology was adenocarcinoma with an elapsed time after HL of 13.2 years in early stages and 21.3 in advanced (p = 0.02). Median OS after a diagnosis of LC was 12.6 months ranging from 5.9 (in cases presenting due to symptoms) to 49.1 (incidentally diagnosed cases) (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: RT treatment, especially with doses higher than 42 Gy, and smoking increase the risk of SN after HL. In this series, LC patients with early stages had a shorter elapsed time from HL diagnosis and longer OS, therefore the role of LC screening in HL survivors should be prospectively evaluated and smoking cessation counseling ought to be a key aspect during follow-up.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Hodgkin/epidemiología , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/terapia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/epidemiología , Neoplasias Inducidas por Radiación/epidemiología , Neoplasias Primarias Secundarias/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efectos adversos , Bleomicina/efectos adversos , Dacarbazina/efectos adversos , Doxorrubicina/efectos adversos , Enfermedad de Hodgkin/radioterapia , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/etiología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Masculino , Mecloretamina/efectos adversos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Inducidas por Radiación/patología , Neoplasias Primarias Secundarias/patología , Prednisona/efectos adversos , Procarbazina/efectos adversos , Dosificación Radioterapéutica , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Vinblastina/efectos adversos , Vincristina/efectos adversos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Introduction: Hypoglycaemia occurs frequently in hospitalized diabetic patients and increases inpatient morbidity and mortality. In 60 percent of cases, it isnt managed properly. The goal of this study was to determine prevalence, treatment, complications and length of hospital stay related to hypoglycaemia with local patients. Patients and Methods: This study was designed as a prospective series of cases with diabetic patients, hospitalized in internal medicine and surgical services. Results: 105 cases of hypoglycaemia presented in 47 patients, with a mean of 2,21 +/- 1,68 episodes per patient. 53,32 percent of hypoglycaemic episodes presented in surgical patients. The cause was not determined in 49,52 percent (n = 52) of the episodes, and 41,9 percent (n = 44) of them were asymptomatic. 59,57 percent (n = 28) of patients presented complications during their hospital stay, mainly infectious, with no difference between surgical and medical services. Median inpatient stay in the surgical service was of 28 days (RIQ 19-45), and of 16 days (RIQ 11-28) in the internal medicine service. Treatments were modified in 57,45 percent (n = 27)of patients after their first hypoglycaemic episode occurred, 17 in internal medicine service, and 10 in surgical service (p = 0,003). Conclusions: the majority of patients presented at least two hypoglycaemic events, and only in half of were treatments modified in order to prevent another episode, which is more that reported in literature, particularly in internal medicine service, where diabetologists work. Highlighting the large number of undetermined causes of hypoglycaemia, caused mainly by lack of registry, can lead to the creation of a registry form for these kinds of occurrences in order to successfully prevent more episodes and decrease inpatient stay and complications.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , /epidemiología , Hipoglucemia/epidemiología , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Comorbilidad , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
Durante la última década la Neurorehabilitación ha comenzado a prestar mayor atención a las familias de personas que adquieren un daño neurológico. Este giro parece responder a un creciente número de estudios describiendo importantes niveles de malestar psicólogico en dichas familias y advirtiendo de su impacto en el proceso de rehabilitación. En Chile, lamentablemente, no contamos con estudios que exploren el estado emocional de familiares en ninguna de las etapas de rehabilitación, esto, a pesar de existir guías clínicas que sugieren el abordaje familiar como meta central. Dicha falta de información limita tanto la capacidad diagnóstica como interventiva de los equipos de rehabilitación. El objetivo de este artículo es describir, y comparar, el perfil de malestar psicológico en familiares de personas con lesión cerebral y medular en etapa subaguda de rehabilitación. Método. 89 familiares de personas con daño neurológico (Lesión Cerebral Adquirida = 50; Trauma Raquimedular = 39) respondieron el General Health Questionnaire-28 como medida de malestar psicológico. Este instrumento que se compone de cuatro subescalas: síntomas somáticos, ansiedad e insomnio, disfunción social y depresión grave. Resultados. En ambas poblaciones el puntaje total del GHQ-28 se observó por encima de los estándares poblacionales, sugiriendo niveles clínicos de malestar psicológico en 90 por ciento de la muestra. No se observaron diferencias entre ambas poblaciones en términos de puntaje total o puntaje de subescalas, sugiriendo similares perfiles de malestar psicólogico. Dicho perfil se caracterizó por altos niveles de ansiedad e insomnio, seguido en menor grado de síntomas somáticos...
During the last decade NeuroRehabilitation has begun to pay more attention to the families of people with neurological damage. This shift seems to respond to a growing number of studies describing significant levels of psychological distress in families, and warning professionals of its potential impact in the process of rehabilitation. In Chile, unfortunately, we have no studies that explore the emotional state of families in any stage of the rehabilitation process, this, despite the existence of clinical guidelines suggesting to address family needs as a central goal. This lack of information limits rehabilitation teams ability as well as their capacity to develop interventions. The aim of this article is to describe, and compare, the profile of psychological distress in relatives of people with brain damage and spinal cord injuries, during the sub-acute phase of rehabilitation. Method. 89 relatives of people with neurological damage (Acquired Brain Injury = 50; Spinal Cord Injury = 39) completed the General Health Questionnaire-28, a self-report measure of psychological distress. This instrument has four subscales, each of them screening for different types of symptoms: somatic, anxiety/insomnia, social dysfunction and severe depression. Results. Both neurological groups presented GHQ-28 total scored above population standards, thus suggesting clinical levels of psychological distress in 90 percent of the sample. No differences were observed between the two groups in terms of GHQ-28 total score or subscale score, thus, suggesting similar profiles of psychological distress. High levels of anxiety and insomnia, followed to a lesser degree by somatic symptoms, characterized this profile...
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Femenino , Familia/psicología , Rehabilitación Neurológica , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/rehabilitación , Chile , Estudios Retrospectivos , Interpretación Estadística de Datos , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
In this work two systems based on a carbohydrate polymer were studied: inulin as model system and inulin-orange juice as complex system. Both system were stored at different water activity conditions and subsequently characterized. Water adsorption isotherms type II were fitted by the GAB model and the water monolayer content was determined for each system. From thermal analyzes it was found that at low water activities (aw) systems were fully amorphous. As aw increased, crystallinity was developed. This behavior was corroborated by X-ray diffraction. In the inulin-orange juice system, crystallization appears at lower water activity caused by the intensification of the chemical interaction of the low molecular weight species contained in orange juice. Glass transition temperature (Tg), determined by modulated differential scanning calorimeter, decreased with aw. As water is adsorbed, the physical appearance of samples changed which could be observed by optical microscopy and effectively related with the microstructure found by scanning electron microscopy.
Asunto(s)
Fenómenos Químicos , Citrus sinensis , Inulina/química , Inulina/aislamiento & purificación , Termogravimetría/métodos , Agua/análisis , Agua/química , Difracción de Rayos XRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes are a family of intracellular enzymes that participate in cellular detoxification, differentiation and drug resistance through the oxidation of cellular aldehydes. The isoform 1 (ALDH1) has been proved useful for the identification of cancer stem cells. The ALDH1 cytoplasmatic expression has been associated with poor prognostis in several tumours, such as non-small cell lung cancer. The role of the ALDH1 nuclear expression remains unknown. METHODS: We conducted a historical cohort study in 89 patients diagnosed of stage I non-small cell lung cancer treated with surgery between 2009 and 2004 in the Thoracic Surgery Department in the Universitary Hospital Puerta de Hierro. We selected from this sample those cases with nuclear expression of the ALDH1. RESULTS: Three of the 89 (3.3 %) patients showed a nuclear expression of the ALDH1. The three of them are still alive with a median time of follow up of 73 months (more than 6 years). CONCLUSION: We have identified ALDH1 as a nuclear protein in early stage non-small cell lung cancer. It might have a function in cell cycle control, associating a better prognosis to these patients. More studies are necessary to clarify the role of nuclear expression of ALDH1.
Asunto(s)
Adenocarcinoma/enzimología , Carcinoma Mucoepidermoide/enzimología , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/enzimología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/enzimología , Núcleo Celular/enzimología , Isoenzimas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/enzimología , Células Madre Neoplásicas/enzimología , Retinal-Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Adulto , Anciano , Familia de Aldehído Deshidrogenasa 1 , Carcinoma Mucoepidermoide/patología , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patología , Estudios de Cohortes , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Masculino , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
This manuscript describes the general biochemical properties and immunological characteristics of Peruvian spider Loxosceles laeta venom (PLlv), which is responsible for the largest number of accidents involving venomous animals in Peru. In this work, we observed that the venom of this spider is more lethal to mice when compared with L. laeta venom from Brazil (BLlv). The LD50 of PLlv was 1.213 mg/kg when the venom was intradermally injected. The venom displayed sphingomyelinase activity and produced dermonecrotic, hemorrhagic and edema effects in rabbits. 2-D SDS-PAGE separation of the soluble venoms resulted in a protein profile ranging from 20 to 205 kDa. Anti-PLlv and anti-BLlv sera produced in rabbits and assayed by ELISA showed that rabbit antibodies cross-reacted with PLlv and BLlv and also with other Brazilian Loxosceles venoms. Western blotting analysis showed that bands corresponding to 25-35 kDa are the proteins best recognized in every Loxosceles spp venoms analyzed. The immunized rabbits displayed protective effect after challenge with PLlv and BLlv. In vitro assays with horse anti-loxoscelic antivenoms produced in Brazil and Peru demonstrated that these commercial antivenoms were efficient to inhibit the sphingomyelinase activity of PLlv and BLlv.
Asunto(s)
Antivenenos/farmacología , Hidrolasas Diéster Fosfóricas/toxicidad , Venenos de Araña/toxicidad , Arañas/metabolismo , Animales , Western Blotting , Brasil , Reacciones Cruzadas , Edema/inducido químicamente , Edema/patología , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Caballos , Inmunización , Dosificación Letal Mediana , Masculino , Ratones , Pruebas de Neutralización , Perú , Conejos , Esfingomielina Fosfodiesterasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Esfingomielina Fosfodiesterasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
We report the initial characterization of a leptospiral isolate, Leptospira interrogans, serogroup Sejroe, serovar Hardjo, genotype Hardjoprajitno, strain Norma, and its relatedness with L. interrogans, serogroup Sejroe, serovar Hardjo, genotype Hardjoprajitno, strain Hardjo and Leptospira borgpetersenii, serogroup Sejroe, serovar Hardjo, genotype Hardjobovis, strain Sponselee. The Norma strain singled out during a leptospirosis outbreak in cattle immunized with antigens from the reference strain Hardjoprajitno (OMS). By applying a microscopic agglutination serological test (MAT) to cattle (n = 2966) with symptoms of leptospirosis between 2003 and 2007, more than 50% of sera were found positive for one of the following serotypes: Hardjoprajitno (31-21%), Hardjo Norma (46-40%), Hardjo hardjobovis (18-10%), Mini (8-4%) and Wolffi (7-4%). In immunization trials using six isolates plus Norma isolate, the remission of MAT in these isolates was observed following 6 months of the initial vaccination. To provide molecular ground for the high MAT Norma frequency found in these isolates, a DNA polymorphic analysis was conducted by comparing the Norma isolate with reference strains Hardjoprajitno and Sponselee. The polymorphic analysis in secY showed five base changes in Norma relative to Hardjoprajitno strain, corresponding to 98% identity, while Sponselee displayed 49 polymorphic sites relative to the Hardjoprajitno strain, representing 80% identity. The alignment of secY translated sequences shows no differences between Hardjoprajitno and Norma, and eight polymorphisms between genotype hardjoprajttno and strain Sponselee. Three-dimensional modelling located these variations within the loop region connecting helices 7 and 8 from secY which is less conserved. DNA sequencing of 23S ribosomal conserved fragment revealed a single polymorphism between Hardjoprajitno and Norma, and 13 polymorphisms between strains Sponselee, Hardjoprajitno and Norma. The differences between Hardjo and Norma were confirmed by low stringency single-specific primer polymerase chain reaction (LSSP-PCR) signature experiments with the primer G2, using as template the 285 bp fragment initially amplified with G1/G2 primers.