RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Examine sleepiness in three different shift work schedules (within-subject design) in the offshore oil industry. METHODS: Sleepiness was measured in 19 oil rig workers, using subjective (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale; Accumulated Time with Sleepiness) and objective measures (reaction time). The work schedule consisted of two weeks of 12 h day work (day shifts), two weeks of 12 h night work (night shifts), and two weeks of swing shift work (one week of night work followed by one week of day work). RESULTS: Sleepiness was highest during the first days of night and swing shifts, and also in the middle of the swing shift work period, but gradually decreased as the days on the night shift progressed. While at home following the two-week work period, the workers reported more subjective sleepiness after night shift than after day or swing shifts. Reaction time tests during the work period showed no significant differences between the shift schedules. There was a significant shorter reaction time the last day compared to the beginning or middle of the work period. CONCLUSIONS: Subjective sleepiness was higher during the first days of night work compared to day work, and also when the swing shift workers changed from night work to day work in the middle of the two-week work period. Subjective sleepiness was increased at home following night shifts compared to after day and swing shifts, suggesting that swing shift workers adapted their circadian rhythm during their second period of work, during the day shift week, offshore.
Asunto(s)
Industria Procesadora y de Extracción , Enfermedades Profesionales/psicología , Vigilia , Tolerancia al Trabajo Programado/psicología , Adulto , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades Profesionales/fisiopatología , Petróleo , Tiempo de Reacción , Sueño , Factores de Tiempo , Vigilia/fisiologíaRESUMEN
In this study we examine sleep during adaptation and readaptation to different shift work schedules in the offshore oil industry. The sleep of 19 offshore workers was assessed daily for 1 week before, during the work period, and for 1 week after 3 different work schedules: (1) day (14 consecutive days of work), (2) night (14 consecutive nights of work), and (3) swing shift work (first 7 nights with night work then 7 days of day work). The workers' sleep was assessed for 84 days. Actigraphy and sleep diary estimates of sleep was applied assessing: (1) adaptation to offshore shift work, (2) sleep across the 2 offshore work weeks, and (3) readaptation after the work period. Regarding adaptation, sleep efficiency was higher when working day than night and swing shift the first week of work. Sleep quality was better during swing than regular day/night shifts the first week of work. Total sleep time was longer during day and night shift than swing shift across the 2 work weeks. Sleep efficiency, based on sleep diaries, was higher during day than night and swing shift during the 2 work weeks. There were no significant differences between the shifts in readaptation in terms of sleep. To conclude, adaptation to swing shift was more difficult than adaptation to regular day and night shifts in terms of sleep. Readaptation to day work after 1 week of night work affected sleep negatively. There were no differences between the shift schedules the week after the work period.
Asunto(s)
Adaptación Fisiológica/fisiología , Adaptación Psicológica , Sueño , Tolerancia al Trabajo Programado/fisiología , Actigrafía , Adaptación Psicológica/fisiología , Adulto , Industria Procesadora y de Extracción , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Registros Médicos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sueño/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Shift work tolerance is a term describing the ability to adapt to shift work without adverse consequences. In this paper we systematically review literature published investigating the relation between individual differences such as age, gender, personality, morningness/eveningness as well as biological variables and different measures of shift work tolerance from 1998 till 2009. A total of 60 articles were included in this review, of which ten studies were classified as longitudinal, while the rest were classified as cross-sectional. Overall, the studies indicate that young age, male gender, low scores on morningness, high scores on flexibility and low scores on languidity, low scores on neuroticism, high scores on extraversion and internal locus of control and some genetic dispositions are related to higher shift work tolerance. More longitudinal studies, especially concerning personality, are needed to make conclusions about the predictive power of individual differences for shift work tolerance.
Asunto(s)
Tolerancia al Trabajo Programado , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Individualidad , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Personalidad/fisiología , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Night work is associated with several negative health outcomes as well as accidents and reduced productivity. The aim of this study was to identify factors that may counteract the negative effects of night work. METHODS: We conducted searches for studies of scientifically based countermeasures of the negative effects of night work in PubMed and Thomson Reuters' ISI Web of Knowledge and inspected the reference lists of relevant literature. RESULTS: We identified studies describing countermeasures such as proper personnel selection, bright light therapy, melatonin administration, naps, exercise, sleepiness detection devices, and the use of stimulants to improve wakefulness and hypnotics to improve daytime sleep. CONCLUSIONS: There is some research supporting countermeasures (eg, bright light, melatonin, naps, use of stimulants, proper work scheduling) as a means to improve adaptation to night work. However, there is little evidence that such countermeasures reduce the long-term health consequences of night work. Future studies should aim at identifying both work and individual factors which are related to differential health outcomes of night work. Better study designs (eg, longitudinal designs and use of standardized outcome measures) are needed in future research.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/prevención & control , Tolerancia al Trabajo Programado/fisiología , Humanos , Luz , Melatonina/administración & dosificación , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
The concept of dispositional resistance to change has been introduced in a series of exploratory and confirmatory analyses through which the validity of the Resistance to Change (RTC) Scale has been established (S. Oreg, 2003). However, the vast majority of participants with whom the scale was validated were from the United States. The purpose of the present work was to examine the meaningfulness of the construct and the validity of the scale across nations. Measurement equivalence analyses of data from 17 countries, representing 13 languages and 4 continents, confirmed the cross-national validity of the scale. Equivalent patterns of relationships between personal values and RTC across samples extend the nomological net of the construct and provide further evidence that dispositional resistance to change holds equivalent meanings across nations.