RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Health care providers can effectively participate in oral health promotion for children in primary care setting. Currently, there are no oral health promotion programs that involve primary health care professionals in Qatar. Hence, this study was undertaken to examine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of all health professionals who work in the Well baby Clinics in the primary health centers. METHOD: A 23-item questionnaire was distributed across 20 primary health centers. The questionnaire sought information on the demographic data of health professionals, their knowledge of oral health and their practices and attitudes towards critical oral health issues. Data were examined by Pearson Chi-squared tests or Fisher's Exact test (p = 0.05). RESULTS: The response rate of the health professionals was 67%. Only 35.7% of the 225 participants received some form of oral health training during their undergraduate programme. The participants would assess the dental problem of the child (p = 0.05) and discuss the importance of tooth brushing with the mother (p = 0.03). A significant number of respondents (p = 0.04) were unlikely to assess the children's fluoride intake. There was a significant difference in the group of participants that would examine the child's teeth (p = 0.1) and counsel the mothers on prevention of dental problems (p = 0.01). This group would also refer children to dentist at 12 months of age (p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Health professionals had a positive attitude towards the anticipatory guidance elements of oral health. However, the knowledge of healthcare professionals on childhood oral health is rather limited.
Asunto(s)
Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Personal de Salud/psicología , Salud Bucal , Atención Primaria de Salud , Preescolar , Femenino , Encuestas de Atención de la Salud , Humanos , Masculino , QatarRESUMEN
Release of the lysosomal enzyme beta-glucuronidase from human neutrophils was induced by IgG or its Fc fragment, aggregated by immune precipitation or by coating on latex particles. Such release was inhibited when the cells were preincubated with free IgG or Fc fragments; F(ab')2 fragments were ineffective in both inducing and inhibiting beta-glucuronidase release. Neutrophils incubated with IgG or Fc fragments, when challenged with anti-IgG antibody, released lysosomal enzymes without the release of the cytoplasmic marker lactic dehydrogenase; These studies indicate that human neutrophils have surface receptors for the Fc portion of IgG. Neutrophils treated with IgG or its Fc fragment and subsequently with fluorescein- or ferritin-labeled anti-IgG showed binding of Fc or IgG to the cell membrane. Under suitable conditions, polar capping of labeled antibody was seen by fluorescence or electron microscopy. These studies suggest that the immunoglobulin receptors on neutrophils are redistributed when they are cross-linked with antibody. Fluidity of the membrane receptors appeared to be time and temperature dependent. Compounds such as 2-deoxyglucose, colchicine, and cyclic AMP, which inhibit the release of lysosomal enzymes, also inhibited the redistribution of the surface receptors. Cytochalasin B, an agent which increases the release, was found to increase the receptor redistribution; The relationship between the release of lysosomal enzymes and receptor mobility is discussed;
Asunto(s)
Glucuronidasa/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/inmunología , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfocitos B , Complejo Antígeno-Anticuerpo , Sitios de Unión de Anticuerpos , Colchicina/farmacología , AMP Cíclico/farmacología , Citocalasina B/farmacología , Glucólisis , Humanos , Fragmentos Fab de Inmunoglobulinas , Fragmentos Fc de Inmunoglobulinas , Inmunoglobulina G/metabolismo , L-Lactato Deshidrogenasa/metabolismo , Lisosomas/enzimología , Neutrófilos/enzimología , Neutrófilos/ultraestructura , Propiedades de Superficie , Temperatura , Teofilina/farmacologíaAsunto(s)
Leucocitos/metabolismo , Proteínas/metabolismo , Animales , Complejo Antígeno-Anticuerpo/análisis , Separación Celular , Colchicina/farmacología , AMP Cíclico/farmacología , Desoxiglucosa/farmacología , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Glucuronidasa/metabolismo , Inmunización , Inmunoensayo , Técnicas In Vitro , Leucocitos/inmunología , Lisosomas/metabolismo , Masculino , Proteínas/análisis , Conejos , Teofilina/farmacologíaAsunto(s)
Lisosomas/enzimología , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Proteínas/metabolismo , Animales , Complejo Antígeno-Anticuerpo , Líquido Ascítico/citología , Permeabilidad Capilar , Carbodiimidas , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Glucuronidasa/metabolismo , Liberación de Histamina , Calor , Sueros Inmunes , Fragmentos Fab de Inmunoglobulinas , Radioisótopos de Yodo , L-Lactato Deshidrogenasa/análisis , Microscopía Electrónica , Neutrófilos/enzimología , Fagocitosis , Conejos , Albúmina Sérica Bovina , Coloración y Etiquetado , gammaglobulinasRESUMEN
Chicks two, three and four weeks of age respond well serologically to endotoxin given intravenously, with the older chicks giving a better response. The induced immunity against live organism challenge produced by homologous endotoxin from Escherichia coli or Salmonella typhimurium is specific between these two organisms, however, cross-immunity occurs between E. coli 045 and E. coli 0109 and between Salmonella enteritidis and S. typhimcrium and further, endotoxins from different organisms may be combined to provide immunity against the homologous organisms. Endotoxoid administered to chicks rendered them more susceptible to live organism challenge for five days, following which some immunity developed.