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BACKGROUND: While numerous surveys over the last decade have evaluated the burden of skin diseases, none have focused on the specific impact of disease-location on the hands and face. AIM: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the burden of 8 skin diseases on the multidimensional aspects of subjects' daily lives in respect to their location on visible body areas (face or hands) versus non-visible areas. METHODS: This was a population-based study in a representative sample of the Canadian, Chinese, Italian, Spanish, German and French populations, aged over 18â¯years using the proportional quota sampling method. All participants were asked (i) to complete a specific questionnaire including socio-demographic characteristics, (ii) to declare if they had a skin disease. All respondents with a skin disease were asked (iii) to specify the respective disease locations (hands, face, body) and (iv) to complete the DLQI questionnaire. Respondents with 8 selected skin diseases were asked (v) to complete a questionnaire evaluating the impact of the skin disease on their daily life, including their professional activity, social relations, emotional and intimate life, leisure, sports activities and perceived stigma. RESULTS: A total of 13,138 adult participants responded to the questionnaire, of whom 26.2â¯% (nâ¯=â¯3,450) had skin diseases, and 23.4â¯% (nâ¯=â¯3,072) reported having one of the 8 selected skin diseases. Fifty-three percent were women and the mean age was 39.6⯱â¯15.5â¯years. The QoL was mostly impaired when the visible localization was solely on the hands as compared with the face (38â¯% had a DLQIâ¯>â¯10 versus 22â¯% respectively). More subjects with a visible localization on the hands reported felt-stigma, having difficulty falling asleep and felt that their sex life had been affected. CONCLUSION: Special attention should be given to patients with skin disease on the hands and face as they are at higher risk of social exclusion and lower quality of life.
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Calidad de Vida , Enfermedades de la Piel , Adulto , Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Masculino , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Canadá , Enfermedades de la Piel/epidemiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Estigma SocialRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Inflammation from skin conditions such as psoriasis, eczema-like atopic dermatitis (AD) and hand eczema (HE) and following dermatological procedures (post-acts) can result in intense itching and cutaneous pain. Dermo-cosmetics containing plant extracts have been shown to reduce or alleviate these symptoms. OBJECTIVES: Assessment of the tolerability and efficacy of a spray containing Rhealba\xAE Oat plantlets and Uncaria tomentosa extracts in adults and children with inflammatory skin diseases and after dermatological procedures. METHODS: Data from five open label studies were analysed (Study 1: adults with AD; Study 2: children with AD; Study 3: adults with psoriasis; Study 4: adults with HE; Study 5: adults who had undergone a dermatological procedure: laser, intense pulsed light, glycolic acid peeling, photodynamic therapy or cryotherapy procedure). In all studies, subjects could use the test product up to six times per day for symptom relief. Physical and functional signs of inflammation, treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), soothing effect, changes in quality of life, cutaneous pain and cosmetic acceptability were compared pre- and postapplication. RESULTS: A total of 176 subjects were enrolled across the five studies. Overall, investigators judged the dermatological tolerance of the test product containing Rhealba\xAE Oat plantlets extract and Uncaria tomentosa as good to excellent. All studies showed significant improvements in physical signs, reduction in itching and feeling of pain (P < 0.05). The soothing effect was evident after the first application. TEAEs were mostly mild, transient and occurred within the first few days of treatment. The majority of subjects reported improved QoL across the studies. CONCLUSIONS: The dermo-cosmetic spray containing Rhealba\xAE Oat plantlets extract and U. tomentosa was well tolerated and efficacious in providing relief of symptoms associated with cutaneous pain from inflammatory skin diseases and following dermatological procedures; however, further studies are needed to rule out alternative explanations of symptom reduction such as natural history and response biases.
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Avena/química , Uña de Gato/química , Dermatitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Dolor/tratamiento farmacológico , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Enfermedad Crónica , Dermatitis/complicaciones , Humanos , Dolor/etiología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The frequency of dermatological procedures is steadily increasing, accompanying a growing demand from patients. Chemical peels are a method of resurfacing in the treatment of various skin conditions. However, during the early healing process, patients may impose downtime on themselves. The erythema, pain and poor aesthetic appearance of the skin can lead to unwillingness to participate in social or professional activities. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance and efficacy of a repair cream based on Rhealba Oat plantlets extract and active healing compounds after a peeling procedure. METHODS: Men and women, aged 18-65 years, with Fitzpatrick phototype I-IV, who had previously received a medium-depth chemical peel on the face (TCA 30%) entered with their consent a clinical study evaluating the new test product based on Rhealba Oat and active healing compounds. At the beginning of the study, the selected patients received a TCA 30% medium-depth peel. Afterwards, they were treated during 29 days with the repair cream and evaluated for the benefits to downtime and pain. RESULTS: Significant reductions of pain (P < 0.0114) and erythema (P < 0.0001) were observed in the study. The downtime reduction with the tested cream was 92% - from 9 days after the previous peeling procedure to 0.74 days with application of the tested cream - a difference of 8.39 days. CONCLUSION: In consequence, the tested repair cream based on Rhealba Oat plantlets extract and active healing compounds brings clinical benefit to patients who undergo peeling procedures. By reducing pain and downtime, it allows patients to get back to their daily life activities a week earlier than with previous peels.
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Avena/química , Quimioexfoliación , Eritema/tratamiento farmacológico , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , PomadasRESUMEN
For many decades and until recently, medical approach to dermatologic diseases has been based on the physician's ability to recognize and treat symptoms. Nowadays, advances in the understanding of the biology of diseases and in technologies for intervening against them have allowed physicians to diagnose and treat underlying disease processes rather than simply addressing the symptoms. This means that rather than addressing 'the disease in humans', physicians can now address the particular pathologic (biologic, molecular) disturbance as it presents in the individual patient, i.e., physicians now can practice something much closer to 'personalized medicine', leading to greater benefits for the patients and the health of society in general. The deeper understanding of ultraviolet radiation, the importance of photoprotection and increased knowledge about signalling pathways of melanoma and carcinoma have led to more complete care for the dermatologic patient. The current popularity for excessive exposure to the sun, without adequate application of the appropriate photoprotection remedies, is the origin of melanoma, but also for the weakening of the structure and functions of the skin. Indeed, fragility of the skin can affect humans around the world. In the senior population, this skin fragility is accompanied by pruritus, whereas atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory disease with highest prevalence in children and adolescents. Acne, the number one reason for dermatologic consultations worldwide, increases its prevalence in adolescents and in females. Senescent alopecia affects humans after menopause and andropause. The articles in this publication present an overview of the current advanced understanding of the diagnosis and therapeutic approaches in 6 fields of dermatology - dermatopaediatry and gerontodermatology, oncodermatology, hair loss, atopic dermatitis, photoprotection and acne - and thereby serve as a useful compendium of updated information and references for all healthcare professionals who see patients with presentations of the symptoms of these diseases.
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Acné Vulgar/tratamiento farmacológico , Alopecia/terapia , Dermatitis Atópica/tratamiento farmacológico , Dermatología/tendencias , Neoplasias Cutáneas/tratamiento farmacológico , Protectores Solares/química , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversos , Acné Vulgar/complicaciones , Cicatriz/etiología , Cicatriz/terapia , Dermatitis Atópica/fisiopatología , Humanos , Inmunoterapia , Cumplimiento de la Medicación , Terapia Molecular Dirigida , Medicina de Precisión , Envejecimiento de la Piel , Neoplasias Cutáneas/terapia , Protectores Solares/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Background: The frequency of dermatological acts is increasing. These procedures often cause injuries and traumatic alterations in specific skin layers, slowing down wound healing. Patients and methods: An open observational study lasting 1 month was conducted on 2,363 patients who had undergone various dermatological procedures. This study was conducted in eight European countries and an Asian country during which the tolerance and efficacy of a cosmetic cream based on Rhealba oat plantlets' extract, l-ALA-l-GLU dipeptide, and hyaluronic acid were assessed on patients' wounds. Results: Efficacy was observed 5' after the first application, which leads to an immediate relief, confirmed by the overall efficacy judged by the doctors as good or very good in 96.8% of the cases. In Germany, the efficacy of the same cream was assessed on children suffering from first- or second-degree burns. In this dermatopediatric case, the aim was to support the regeneration process and prevent scarring by using a topical cream rather than a silicon bandage or corticosteroids. A positive effect on skin regeneration and prevention of scaring could already be observed after 4 weeks of application without any undesired complication. Conclusion: This clinical focus complements the previous meta-analysis by demonstrating that the tested cream containing Rhealba oat plantlets' extracts, l-ALA-l-GLU dipeptide, and hyaluronic acid could also be used with a great efficacy in children after thermal burns to prevent scaring.
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The proportion of adults over 60 years of age is rapidly increasing and is estimated to reach approximately one-sixth of the global population by 2030. An ageing population is a real challenge for healthcare resources, including dermatologists and geriatricians, as age-related changes in skin integrity and barrier function make older adults more susceptible to developing skin pathologies such as pruritus, dermatitis and infections. Fragile skin arises from several interlinked causes, including age-related changes in skin barrier integrity, previous and current lifestyle choices, skin pathologies and medical interventions. Dermo-cosmetics can play a key role in enhancing skin care regimens and preventing pathologies in this age group. In vitro studies, clinical, and in-daily clinical practice studies of dermo-cosmetics have shown them to be effective in many skin conditions in older adults, like xerosis and pruritus. Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD), a common condition arising from contact with irritants such as urine and faeces which can significantly impact the quality of life of sufferers, can also be improved with a barrier cream in incontinent patients aged 70 years and older. This supplement focuses on the increased fragility of older skin, the development of common skin pathologies and the efficacy and tolerance of dermo-cosmetic products in older adults.
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Epidermis/patología , Epidermis/fisiopatología , Enfermedades de la Piel/epidemiología , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Cuidados de la Piel , Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la PielRESUMEN
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, highly pruritic, chronic inflammatory skin disease. Dysfunction of the epidermal barrier is witnessed by an increased transepidermal water loss in lesional and non-lesional AD skin. The inflammation in lesional AD skin is well characterized. Non-lesional skin of AD patients shows histological signs of a subclinical inflammation and a pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu. This microinflammation is present even in seemingly healed skin and must be taken into account regarding treatment of AD. Emollients provide a safe and effective method of skin barrier improvement, because they provide the skin with a source of exogenous lipids, thus improving its barrier function. The use of emollients is recommended for all AD patients irrespective of overall disease severity. Patients with moderate to severe AD should combine the emollients with a proactive therapy regimen of topical calcineurin inhibitors or topical corticosteroids. Skin areas affected by active eczema in flare should receive daily anti-inflammatory therapy first before introducing emollients, to induce rapid relief of skin lesions and pruritus. The microinflammation persisting in seemingly healed AD lesions should be addressed by a proactive treatment approach, consisting of minimal anti-inflammatory therapy and liberal, daily use of emollients. An emollient containing an extract of Rhealba oat plantlet has shown anti-inflammatory and barrier repairing properties, and was clinically tested in studies targeting the microinflammation in AD. All emollients based on Rhealba oat plantlet extract are free of oat protein, as the Rhealba extract is derived from the aerial parts of the oat plantlet and is unrelated to oatmeal proteins. The Rhealba oat plantlet extract is produced in a specific process, allowing the extraction of high levels of active principles such as flavonoids and saponins, whilst being virtually free of oat proteins to minimize the risk for allergic reactions.
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Avena/química , Dermatitis Atópica/tratamiento farmacológico , Emolientes/uso terapéutico , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Proteínas de Plantas/análisis , Corticoesteroides/uso terapéutico , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Inhibidores de la Calcineurina/uso terapéutico , Citocinas/fisiología , Dermatitis Atópica/patología , Dermatitis Atópica/fisiopatología , Dermatitis Atópica/prevención & control , Humanos , Mediadores de Inflamación/fisiología , Cicatrización de HeridasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Emollients are considered as a first-line therapy for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). However, evidence-based proof that the regular use of emollients reduces AD severity is lacking. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the regular use of emollients results in a reduction in AD severity in children with AD. METHODS: In this multicentre randomized, parallel group, open-label study, children with mild-to-moderate AD were recruited during a flare. After flare resolution with a topical corticosteroid, patients were randomized to V0034CR emollient, reference emollient or no emollient (1:1:1 ratio), for 12 weeks. AD severity was assessed regularly by physicians [Scoring for Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) and subcomponents, IGA] and by parents (PO-SCORAD and POEM). RESULTS: A total of 335 patients were randomized to V0034CR (n = 111), reference emollient (n = 116) or no emollient (n = 108). After 12 weeks of treatment, SCORAD score was reduced by 5.28 points in the V0034CR group and by 3.36 points in the reference emollient group compared with the no emollient group (+4 points; P < 0.001 in both emollient groups vs. no emollient group). In a similar manner, PO-SCORAD score was reduced by 4.88 and 2.67 points in the V0034CR and reference emollient groups, respectively, but increased by 2.90 points in the no emollient group (P < 0.001). Similar results were observed for POEM. A continuous decrease in all scores was observed over the 12-week treatment period. At the end of the study, the percentage of patients in complete remission (i.e. without a new flare over the treatment period) was higher in the V0034CR (59.5%) and reference emollient (44.3%) groups than in the no emollient group (29.8%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that the regular use of emollients in children with mild-to-moderate AD reduces the severity of symptoms and, therefore, support their use as a first-line treatment for these patients.
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Dermatitis Atópica/tratamiento farmacológico , Grasas de la Dieta/uso terapéutico , Emolientes/uso terapéutico , Glicerol/uso terapéutico , Ácido Glicirretínico/uso terapéutico , Parafina/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Preescolar , Dermatitis Atópica/complicaciones , Combinación de Medicamentos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Prurito/etiología , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/etiología , Evaluación de Síntomas , Brote de los Síntomas , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
'Fragile skin', or skin with lower resistance to aggressors, can be broadly classified into four causal categories: constitutional (age-dependent or associated with specific vulnerable locations on the body, e.g. eyelids), pathological (related to disease), circumstantial (related to environmental or internal factors, e.g. stress) and iatrogenic (caused by medical interventions or treatments). In this supplement, we focus on the fourth category, the iatrogenic origin of fragile skin and the role that dermo-cosmetics can have in restoring the natural protective function of the skin following treatments for skin diseases and medical interventions. We present epidemiological data on the prevalence of fragile skin in three different geographical regions, and the results of two randomized controlled studies investigating the efficacy and tolerability of dermo-cosmetics in combination with topical acne treatment and following physical skin damage. Overall, we found that prevalence across the three regions (23% in Germany, 41% in UAE, 56% in Taiwan) reflected previous global estimates (24-53%) across skin types, with significant associations found with environmental and lifestyle factors, such as stress, humidity and pollution. The iatrogenic effects of topical acne treatments can result in poor compliance or use of over-the-counter moisturizers, which may reduce treatment efficacy. Dermo-cosmetics were found to aid in restoration of fragile skin caused by the acne topical retinoid treatment adapalene 0.1% gel, by reducing transepidermal water loss and improving skin hydration, as well as reducing the side-effects such as skin irritation that are frequently associated with topical retinoids. Additionally, dermo-cosmetic products were found to accelerate wound closure following skin damage in a laser ablation model and reduced the duration of post-procedural side-effects such as itching and burning.
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Acné Vulgar/tratamiento farmacológico , Fármacos Dermatológicos/uso terapéutico , Epidermis/patología , Administración Tópica , Adolescente , Adulto , Cosméticos , Estudios Transversales , Fármacos Dermatológicos/administración & dosificación , Fármacos Dermatológicos/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
AIM: To evaluate a moisturizer containing urea, glycerine and petrolatum for healing deep open fissures on the feet of people with diabetes. If left untreated, open fissures, an entry point for bacteria, can lead to infection, ulceration and further complications. METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, multicentre study at 19 hospitals, general practices and diabetologists in France and Belgium included participants with diabetes and a deep open target fissure on their heel. Participants were randomized to test cream or placebo (1 : 1) for 4 weeks. Complete target fissure healing after 4 weeks (primary criterion) and 2 weeks, target fissure closure, overall fissure healing and xerosis were assessed. RESULTS: Some 167 participants were randomized (80 to test cream; 87 to placebo); all were included in the efficacy analyses. The percentage of participants with complete target fissure healing after 4 weeks was higher with test cream than placebo (46.3% vs. 33.3%): the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.088). Fewer participants still had a deep open target fissure with test cream than placebo, the difference was statistically significant and clinically relevant after 2 (24.7% vs. 42.7%, P = 0.027) and 4 weeks (6.4% vs. 24.1%, P = 0.002). The difference in overall fissure healing between test cream and placebo was significant (P < 0.001) and test cream resulted in greater xerosis improvement (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002 at 2 and 4 weeks, respectively). CONCLUSION: The activity of the test cream for treating feet fissures of people with diabetes was confirmed by an improvement in open fissure healing and xerosis. The cream was well tolerated.
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Diabetes Mellitus/tratamiento farmacológico , Traumatismos de los Pies/tratamiento farmacológico , Pie/patología , Pomadas/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de la Piel/tratamiento farmacológico , Anciano , Bélgica , Diabetes Mellitus/patología , Pie Diabético/prevención & control , Método Doble Ciego , Femenino , Traumatismos de los Pies/patología , Úlcera del Pie/prevención & control , Francia , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades de la Piel/patología , Resultado del Tratamiento , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Within their first days of life, newborns' skin undergoes various adaptation processes needed to accommodate the transition from the wet uterine environment to the dry atmosphere. The skin of newborns and infants is considered as a physiological fragile skin, a skin with lower resistance to aggressions. Fragile skin is divided into four categories up to its origin: physiological fragile skin (age, location), pathological fragile skin (acute and chronic), circumstantial fragile skin (due to environmental extrinsic factors or intrinsic factors such as stress) and iatrogenic fragile skin. Extensive research of the past 10 years have proven evidence that at birth albeit showing a nearly perfect appearance, newborn skin is structurally and functionally immature compared to adult skin undergoing a physiological maturation process after birth at least throughout the first year of life. This article is an overview of all known data about fragility of epidermis in 'fragile populations': newborns, children and adolescents. It includes the recent pathological, pathophysiological and clinical data about fragility of epidermis in various dermatological diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, acne, rosacea, contact dermatitis, irritative dermatitis and focus on UV protection.
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Epidermis/fisiología , Adaptación Fisiológica , Adolescente , Células Cultivadas , Niño , Células Epidérmicas , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Queratinocitos/citologíaRESUMEN
Recent evidence suggests that acne vulgaris begins as an inflammation in and around the sebaceous gland and alterations in the lipid content of sebum, which drive hyperproliferation and increased desquamation of keratinocytes within sebaceous follicles. This prevents sebum drainage, causing the formation of microcomedones, which spontaneously regress or become acne lesions when the pilosebaceous unit is further blocked by the accumulation of corneocytes. These conditions are favourable for the proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes, which further aggravates acne by enhancing abnormal desquamation, sebum production and inflammation. Also, skin fragility due to inflammation or irritation by anti-comedogenic agents can worsen the situation. Rhealba(®) Oat plantlet extract (Pierre Fabre Dermo Cosmetique) soothes and restores fragile skin in acne by reducing inflammation and inhibits bacterial adhesion of Propionibacterium acnes. Cosmeceuticals combining Rhealba(®) Oat plantlet extract and hydro-compensating actives, which are available with or without anti-comedogenic hydroxy acids, provide a balanced, multifaceted approach for acne patients.
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Acné Vulgar/tratamiento farmacológico , Avena , Cosméticos/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Plantas Medicinales , Acné Vulgar/microbiología , Acné Vulgar/patología , Adhesión Bacteriana/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Propionibacterium acnes/efectos de los fármacos , Propionibacterium acnes/fisiología , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/microbiología , Piel/patología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The skin is the largest organ of the body, providing a protective barrier against bacteria, chemicals and physical insults while maintaining homeostasis in the internal environment. Such a barrier function the skin ensures protection against excessive water loss. The skin's immune defence consists of several facets, including immediate, non-specific mechanisms (innate immunity) and delayed, stimulus-specific responses (adaptive immunity), which contribute to fending off a wide range of potentially invasive microorganisms. This article is an overview of all known data about 'fragile skin'. Fragile skin is defined as skin with lower resistance to aggressions. Fragile skin can be classified into four categories up to its origin: physiological fragile skin (age, location), pathological fragile skin (acute and chronic), circumstantial fragile skin (due to environmental extrinsic factors or intrinsic factors such as stress) and iatrogenic fragile skin. This article includes the epidemiologic data, pathologic description of fragile skin with pathophysiological bases (mechanical and immunological role of skin barrier) and clinical description of fragile skin in atopic dermatitis, in acne, in rosacea, in psoriasis, in contact dermatitis and other dermatologic pathologies. This article includes also clinical cases and differential diagnosis of fragile skin (reactive skin) in face in adult population. In conclusion, fragile skin is very frequent worldwide and its prevalence varies between 25% and 52% in Caucasian, African and Asian population.
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Epidermis/patología , Epidermis/fisiología , Enfermedades de la Piel/patología , Enfermedades de la Piel/fisiopatología , Acné Vulgar/patología , Acné Vulgar/fisiopatología , Acné Vulgar/terapia , Avena , Dermatitis Atópica/patología , Dermatitis Atópica/fisiopatología , Dermatitis Atópica/terapia , Dermatitis por Contacto/patología , Dermatitis por Contacto/fisiopatología , Dermatitis por Contacto/terapia , Eccema/patología , Eccema/fisiopatología , Eccema/terapia , Emolientes/farmacología , Emolientes/uso terapéutico , Epidermis/efectos de los fármacos , Epidermis/inmunología , Epidermis/fisiopatología , Epidermólisis Ampollosa/patología , Epidermólisis Ampollosa/fisiopatología , Epidermólisis Ampollosa/terapia , Humanos , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Psoriasis/patología , Psoriasis/fisiopatología , Psoriasis/terapia , Retinoides/farmacología , Retinoides/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de la Piel/inmunología , Enfermedades de la Piel/terapiaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Hydration with topical emollients forms the backbone of treatment for mild atopic dermatitis (AD), but few randomized controlled trials have assessed their efficacy in young children. OBJECTIVES: Assess the efficacy and tolerability of long-term emollient therapy in the treatment of moderate to severe xerosis in young children with AD. METHODS: This was a phase III, multicentre, double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled trial. Children (n = 251) aged 2-6 years with AD-associated xerosis were randomized 1 : 1 to a 28-day treatment with an emollient combining glycerol and paraffin or its vehicle. Non-responders at the end of the double-blind period were treated open label with emollient until day 84. Responders stopped treatment until reassessment on day 56. Those who relapsed after stopping treatment were treated open label with emollient until day 84. RESULTS: During the double-blind period, xerosis score (XS) of the scoring atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) index, objective SCORAD and visual analogue score decreased and skin hydration increased more in the emollient group than in the vehicle group (P < 0.001 for all measures). More patients were responders with emollient than with vehicle (66.1% vs. 45.6%, P < 0.001). During the open-label period, stopping emollient treatment led to relapse but improvement returned if treatment was restarted with emollient. Regular use of the emollient also yielded improvement in children who did not initially respond. Adverse events were similar in the two groups, and no treatment-related severe adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term therapy with emollient is effective and well tolerated for the treatment of xerosis in children with atopic dermatitis.