RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Intestinal motility is regulated by several neurotransmitters and neuropeptides including dopamine and acetylcholine as well as ghrelin. Metoclopramide and domperidone are long-standing treatment options for dysmotility, and erythromycin is suggested in selected patients. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of mentioned prokinetics on ghrelin levels. METHODS: Serum ghrelin levels were estimated by using enzyme-linked immunoassay following a single administration of domperidone, metoclopramide, or erythromycin. RESULTS: Our results showed that both antidopaminergic and cholinergic prokinetics increase the circulating ghrelin levels. There was no significant difference between enteral and parenteral control groups. Also, statistical analysis revealed that neither prokinetic was superior to the other in regard to its ghrelin stimulating effect. CONCLUSION: Conclusively, the present study demonstrated that the circulating levels of ghrelin increase by the administration of antidopaminergic and cholinergic prokinetics. Hence, this effect on ghrelin may partly be responsible for the motilitystimulating actions of domperidone, metoclopramide, and erythromycin (Fig. 2, Ref. 39).
Asunto(s)
Domperidona/administración & dosificación , Eritromicina/administración & dosificación , Fármacos Gastrointestinales/administración & dosificación , Ghrelina/sangre , Ghrelina/efectos de los fármacos , Metoclopramida/administración & dosificación , Acetilcolina , Animales , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , RatonesRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to evaluate total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) in sheep and lambs with cyctic eccinocoocosis (CE) diagnosed by ultrasonography and necropsy findings. A total of 9 sheep and 17 lambs with CE were used in this study and the findings were compared to those of 6 healthy control sheep. Ultrasonography were used for the diagnosis of CE in sheep and lambs, and necropsy was performed to check the presence of cysts in liver and lungs. Serum TOS and TAC were measured by a novel colorimetric method. The TOS-to-TAC ratios were also calculated as OSI values. Serum biochemical profiles were determined by conventional measurement methods as well. The mean values for TOS, TAC and OSI were significantly (p<0.001) lower in sheep and lambs with CE when compared with those of the control sheep, and they were also significantly lower in lambs with CE in comparison to the mean values obtained in sheep with CE. The levels of serum albumin, total cholesterol, creatinine, and triglycerides in lambs with CE were found out to decrease significantly (p<0.001) when compared with those of both sheep with EC and the control group. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of other serum parameters. In addition, when clinically and some biochemical values were evaluated, CE was found to be more severe in lambs than in sheep. It was concluded that although common diagnostic cyst detection is performed by postmortem examination, ultrasonography could successfully be used in conjunction with serum biochemical profile detection and serum TOS, TAC and OSI measurements for diagnosis of cysts in liver and lungs of severely infected living sheep and lambs. Serum albumin, total cholesterol, creatinine, total protein and triglycerides might be used as indicators in sheep and particularly in lambs for the diagnosis of CE.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Equinococosis Hepática/veterinaria , Equinococosis Pulmonar/veterinaria , Oxidantes/metabolismo , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/parasitología , Animales , Equinococosis Hepática/diagnóstico por imagen , Equinococosis Hepática/metabolismo , Equinococosis Hepática/parasitología , Equinococosis Hepática/patología , Equinococosis Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagen , Equinococosis Pulmonar/metabolismo , Equinococosis Pulmonar/parasitología , Equinococosis Pulmonar/patología , Ovinos , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/metabolismo , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
Viruses, including herpes viruses, can alter oxidative balance by either increasing the formation of free radicals or inhibiting synthesis of enzymes involved in oxidative defense within host cells. This study examined the occurrence of oxidative and antioxidative balance in cows naturally infected with bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) under field conditions. Clinical history indicated that cows had been sick and showed mild to severe respiratory signs, characterized by dullness, coughing, and lacrimation, and a high febrile response. All samples obtained from the infected animals during clinical examination were confirmed as positive for bovine herpesvirus type 1 by PCR. Control cows showed no clinical abnormalities and PCR results were negative. Total antioxidative status, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index, and some biochemical parameters were measured. The level of total antioxidative status was significantly lower in infected animals, compared with the healthy control group (P = 0.025). However, there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups for total oxidant status and oxidative stress index levels. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in the infected groups, with respect to concentrations of alkaline phosphatase, alanine transferase, γ glutamyl transferase, monocyte, and erythrocyte (P < 0.05). On the other hand, aspartate aminotransferase and creatinine kinase concentrations significantly increased in the cows infected with BHV-1. In conclusion, the data obtained hereby explained that animals with infected BHV-1 seemed to have more oxidative stress and low antioxidant defense. Moreover, future research conductance is needed on antioxidative and oxidative balance to understand pathophysiology of BHV-1 infections.