RESUMEN
The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of sarcopenia in people over 65 years of age, to analyze instrumental and functional methods for studying skeletal muscle in the elderly. A case-control study of 230 participants 65 years of age and older, the average age of 74±6,5 years. Patients were divided into three age groups: 1st - 65-74 years old, 2nd - 75-84 years old, 3rd - 85 years and older. The calculation of muscle mass was carried out according to the index of appendicular muscle mass (AMM/m2) using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) with correction of patient growth. Muscle strength was measured with a «Jamar¼ hand dynamometer, muscle function was determined using a short set of physical activity tests (SPPB tests). The prevalence of sarcopenia was 30% in the presented sample and increased with increasing age of patients. There were no significant differences in the incidence of the most common chronic diseases, with the exception of obesity, which was less common in sarcopenic patients than in non-sarcopenic patients (p<0,0001). The results of the study showed that in sarcopenic patients, the AMM index (p<0,001) and muscle strength (p<0,001) were lower than in non-sarcopenic patients. The overall score of SPPB tests was low in both groups, however, in sarcopenic patients it was significantly lower than in non-sarcopenic patients (p=0,035) due to balancing tests.
Asunto(s)
Sarcopenia/diagnóstico , Sarcopenia/epidemiología , Absorciometría de Fotón , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Humanos , Fuerza Muscular , Músculo Esquelético , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
The purpose of the study was to analyze the frequency of detection of vitamin D deficiency in elderly people, identify clinically significant diseases, accompanied by a deficiency of vitamin 25(OH)D. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 506 patients over 65 years of age (74,1±6,5 years). Patients were divided into three age groups: group A 65-74 years, group B 75-84 years, group C 85 years and older. The study of blood samples was carried out from September to May. The level of vitamin 25(OH)D was determined by the method of chemiluminescent immunoassay on the Abbott Architect 8000 analyzer (USA). Evaluation of vitamin 25(OH)D was performed according to the clinical recommendations of the Russian Endocrinology Association and the recommendations of the Russian Association for Osteoporosis. Among people older than 65 years, the average level of 25(OH)D was 20,9 ng/ml (range 2,3 to 70,5 ng/ml), 50% had vitamin D deficiency. With age, the proportion of patients with vitamin D deficiency increased more in the male population. Low values of vitamin 25(OH)D were more frequent in the spring. Arterial hypertension, obesity of varying degrees, sarcopenia increased the risk of vitamin D deficiency in 1,15-1,17-1,2 (Ñ<0,05-0,01) times, respectively. Oncological diseases in the anamnesis were accompanied by low parameters of vitamin 25(OH)D in blood serum (p=0,084).
Asunto(s)
Deficiencia de Vitamina D/diagnóstico , Vitamina D/sangre , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Federación de RusiaRESUMEN
The purpose of the study was to examine the problem of falls in the elderly. A prospective cohort study of 537 patients over 65 years using validated questionnaires and functional tests. 56,58 % of patients had at least one fall event in the 12 months prior to the observation. 82,76 % of all falls are over the age of 85 years. Significantly more patients younger than 85 years fell in the autumn and winter (to 17,64 and 25,93 %, respectively) and over the age of 85 years in 50 % of cases (95 % CI 28,2-71,8) fell summer. Polypharmacy and comorbid conditions increases the risk of falls. 32,89 % of people over 65 years in the fall received fractures. However, a fracture of the femoral neck in 60 % of cases diagnosed over the age of 85 years. Hypodynamy observed in 69,77 % of cases.
Asunto(s)
Accidentes por Caídas , Actividades Cotidianas , Accidentes por Caídas/prevención & control , Accidentes por Caídas/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Comorbilidad , Femenino , Fracturas Óseas/etiología , Fracturas Óseas/prevención & control , Evaluación Geriátrica/métodos , Disparidades en el Estado de Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Polifarmacia , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Federación de Rusia/epidemiología , Estaciones del Año , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
The aim of study was to investigate the effect of functional tests on the risk factors of falls in the elderly. A prospective cohort study of 537 patients over 65 years using validated functional tests and hand dynamometer. High speed gait (0,8 m / s and more) was observed in only 11,04 % of the elderly. The best results of tests «Stand up from a chair five times¼ (<16,7 sec) and «Stand up and go¼ (10 to 12 sec) were observed in 42,86 % and 23.05 % of patients (p<0,01). The worst performance observed over the age of 85 years. The risk of falling is higher in men and women with low muscle strength (dynamometry) and worst test «Get up and go¼ (p<0,01). Correlation relationship has been detected between dynamometry and functional tests with age, polymorbidity, polypharmacy, the frequency of falls and physical activity which are risk factors for falls in the elderly (p<0,05).