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OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this paper is to analyze the outcomes regarding endoleaks, reinterventions, and death related to aneurysm complications in patients submitted to endovascular repair (EVAR) for abdominal aortoiliac aneurysm (AAA) using Endurant II (Medtronic) and Zenith Flex (Cook) endografts. METHODS: This was a prospective, consecutive cohort study of patients with AAA who underwent EVAR between January 2019 and December 2022. Two groups of patients were evaluated: Group Endurant (patients submitted to EVAR with the use of Endurant II) and Group Zenith (patients submitted to EVAR with the use of Zenith Flex). RESULTS: A total of 156 patients were evaluated. Group Zenith (67 patients, 42.9%) and Group Endurant (89 patients, 57.1%). The perioperative mortality was 5.1%, eight patients (six patients Group Zenith, and two patients Group Endurant, p=0.054). There were 28 patients (17.9%) submitted to urgent repair of the aneurysm (expansion or rupture), with no differences among the groups. There were 36 cases (23.1%) of later endoleak, with a higher incidence in Zenith group (23 patients, 34.3%) than Endurant group (13 patients, 14.6%, p=0.002), most of them Type II endoleak (21 patients, 13.4%). There were 12 cases of Type I endoleak, also with a higher prevalence in Zenith group (13.4%) than Endurant group (3.4%, p=0.002). Moreover, regarding limb graft occlusion (LGO), there were nine patients (5.8%), with a higher prevalence in Zenith group (9%) than Endurant group (3.4%, p=0.045). The overall survival in a Kaplan-Meier at 720 days was 82.3% in the Zenith group and 89.1% in the Endurant group, with no statistical significance among the groups (p=0.09). The freedom from reintervention rates in a Kaplan-Meier at 720 days was 82.8% in the Zenith group and 93.2% in the Endurant group (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: In this present study, Zenith endograft had higher rates of endoleaks, aneurysms related mortality, LGO and reinterventions than patients submitted to Endurant II endografts. The linear regression analysis showed that the presence of endoleaks, type of endograft device (Zenith graft) and limb graft occlusion were related to higher reintervention rates. CLINICAL IMPACT: In this present study, Zenith endograft had higher rates of endoleaks, aneurysms related mortality, limb graft occlusions and reinterventions than patients submitted to Endurant II endografts. The main impact and the innovation that this article provides is an opportunity to evaluate and choose the best endograft suitable for the patient with AAA during EVAR.
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OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the outcomes regarding endoleaks, reinterventions, and death related to aneurysm complications in patients submitted to endovascular repair (EVAR) for abdominal aortoiliac aneurysm (AAA) using Endurant II (Medtronic) and Zenith Flex (Cook) endografts. METHODS: This was a prospective, consecutive cohort study of patients with AAA who underwent EVAR with the use of Endurant II stent graft and Zenith Flex endograft. RESULTS: A total of 156 patients submitted to EVAR were evaluated. The perioperative mortality was 5.1%, 8 patients. The median clinical follow-up period was 760 ± 80 days. There were 28 patients (17.9%) submitted to urgent repair of the aneurysm (symptomatic expansion or rupture) and 128 patients (82.1%) submitted to elective repair. There were 36 cases (23.1%) of later endoleak and most of them are Type II endoleaks (21 patients, 13.4%). There were 12 cases of Type I endoleak. Moreover, regarding limb graft occlusion (LGO), there were 9 patients (5.8%). The overall survival rate in Kaplan-Meier analysis at 720 days was 84.8% in the total cohort. The freedom from reintervention rate in Kaplan-Meier analysis at 720 days was 92.7% in the total cohort. The linear regression analysis for survival rates showed that chronic kidney disease (p = .03; hazard ratio (HR) = 2.82, CI = 1.07-4.44) was the only factor related to poorer survival rates in both univariate and multivariate analyses. The linear regression analysis showed that the presence of endoleaks (p < .001, HR = 6.69, CI = 2.26-8.48) and limb graft occlusion (p < .001, HR = 8.02, CI = 1.60-9.99) were related to reintervention in both univariate and multivariate analyses. CONCLUSION: In this present study, supra-renal fixation endograft devices were safe and efficient in treating AAA, with satisfactory results and no renal compromise. The linear regression analysis showed that the presence of endoleaks and limb graft occlusion were related to higher reintervention rates in both univariate and multivariate analyses.
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OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this present paper was to evaluate the results and outcomes of patients with acute limb ischemia (ALI) submitted to pharmacomechanical thrombectomy (PMT) endovascular surgery with Angiojet, regarding the number of cycles/pumps. METHODS: Prospective, consecutive cohort study of ALI patients submitted to PMT endovascular intervention subdivided into two groups according to the number of cycles in the Angiojet technique: Group 1 higher than 150 cycles/second and Group 2 lesser than 150 cycles/second (cycles/s). RESULTS: Overall, 92 patients with ALI submitted to PMT were evaluated. Two groups of patients were identified: Group 1 higher than 150 cycles/s with 60 patients and Group 2 lesser than 150 cycles/s with 32 patients. The overall mortality rate (OMR) was 15.1% (13 patients) in total cohort within the first 30 days. Group 1 had a higher OMR than Group 2 (16.1% vs 9.3%, p = 0.007). There were 4 cases of hematuria (4.3%), all of them in Group 1. We have performed a Kaplan-Meier regarding limb salvage rates: Group 1 had 85% and Group 2 had 95.7% at 1057 days. P = 0.081. Among the factors evaluated, the following were related to overall mortality rate: PMT with higher >150 cycles/s (HR = 7.17, p = 0.007, CI: 1.38-8.89), COVID-19 infection (HR = 2.75, p = 0.010, CI = 1.73-5.97), and post-operative acute kidney injury (HR = 2.97, p < 0.001, CI = 1.32-8.13). Among the factors evaluated, the following was related to limb loss: post-operative acute kidney injury (HR = 4.41, p = 0.036, CI: 1.771-7.132), probably because patients experiencing limb loss have a higher incidence of acute renal insufficiency due to higher circulating myoglobin higher hemolysis from the increased Angiojet cycles inducing rhabdomyolysis. CONCLUSION: PMT with Angiojet is a safe and effective therapy in patients with ALI. However, patients receiving greater than 150 cycles/s were noted to have higher rates of acute kidney injury and mortality. This is likely reflective of increased thrombus burden and higher rates of hemolysis. Acute kidney injury, greater than 150 cycles/s, and COVID-19 infection were the variables with the strongest association to perioperative mortality.
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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between the Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) Wound, Ischemia and foot infection (WIfI) classification system and clinical outcomes for 1-year limb amputation-free survival (AFS), freedom from reintervention, and wound healing rate in a cohort of patients affected by chronic limb-threatening ischemia treated exclusively by endovascular procedures. METHODS: We analyzed a prospective, consecutive cohort of 203 patients (203 limbs) who underwent infrainguinal endovascular revascularization at a single center between March 2018 and January 2021. These patients were stratified into clinical stages 1 to 4 based on the SVS WIfI classification and categorized into two groups: WIfI 1 to 3 (n = 101 limbs) and WIfI 4 (n = 102 limbs). The SVS objective performance goals of 1-year limb AFS, freedom from reintervention, and wound healing were compared between the groups and assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Angiographic lesion characteristics and angioplasty details were compared. RESULTS: The average age was 72.4 years (44.3% male, 85.2% had hypertension, 80.3% had diabetes, and 87.7% had tissue loss). There were statistical differences between the groups in 1-year limb AFS Kaplan-Meier rate between WIfI clinical stages 1 to 3 group and WIfI clinical stage 4 group (82% vs 66%, respectively; P < .001), but there was no statistical difference in freedom from reintervention and wound healing rates between the groups (70% vs 64% [P = .62] and 74% vs 79% [P = .90], respectively). Owing to angiographic lesion characteristics, femoropopliteal and infrapopliteal segment distributions were similar between the groups, but there was a statistical difference in target lesion location to tibial vessels (55.4% vs 71.6%, respectively; P = .025). CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia, SVS WIfI clinical stage 4 had worse results in the 1-year limb AFS rate, but there was no statistical difference in freedom from reintervention and wound healing rates between the groups.
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OBJECTIVE: The use of basilic vein in iliofemoral revascularizations was previously described in the literature as an autologous option for the treatment of vascular prosthesis infection and as a primary conduit in patients at high risk of infectious surgical complications. However, the publications available include several different indications and are limited to case reports. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of the use of arm veins as a safe and effective autologous alternative for iliofemoral reconstruction in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) and at high risk of prosthesis infection. METHODS: We performed a multicenter, retrospective cohort study with 53 consecutive iliofemoral bypasses using arm veins as an alternative conduit. The procedures were performed between November 2013 and November 2021, exclusively for patients with CLTI classified as TASC aortoiliac C or D with increased risk of postoperative surgical infection. Demographic, clinical variables, and outcomes were collected from a prospective database. Main endpoints were amputation-free survival (AFS) and major adverse cardiovascular events. Secondary endpoints included primary and secondary patencies and overall survival. Cox regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of AFS. Postoperative surgical complications and 30-day mortality were also assessed. RESULTS: The mean age was 64.2 ± 8.4 years, with a predominance of male gender. The median follow-up period was 615 days. All patients had CLTI, with a predominance of tissue loss (n = 51; 96.2%) and a median ankle-brachial index of 0.28. The basilic vein was utilized in most procedures (69.8%). Thirty-day major adverse cardiovascular events occurred in five cases (9.4%), and the 30-day mortality rate was 3.8%. The AFS, primary patency, secondary patency, and overall survival in 720 days were 71%, 72%, 89%, and 75%, respectively. Cox regression analysis revealed no association between the variables analyzed for AFS. There was no graft late infection nor pseudoaneurysmal degeneration. CONCLUSIONS: Iliofemoral bypass using arm veins as an autologous conduit proved to be an effective and safe procedure with low incidence of postoperative cardiovascular complications and high rates of AFS in patients with CLTI. Also, this suggests that arm veins can be an interesting and suitable autologous alternative conduit for iliofemoral reconstructions, especially in cases in which a prosthesis should be avoided or when it is not available.
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Diabetic foot infections (DFIs) are one of the causes of hospitalization in diabetic patients and, when this occurs, empirical antibiotic therapy is necessary. We have conducted a retrospective study of patients with DFI that required hospitalization to evaluate microbiologic profile and the susceptibility pattern of these infections. We evaluated 320 patients, of which 223 (69.7%) were male with a media age of 71 years with 276 isolates. Gram-positive bacteria were responsible for 188 (68.1%) of the isolates, while Gram-negative bacilli were responsible for 88 (31.9%). E. faecalis was the most prevalent pathogen, followed by S. aureus and coagulase negative Staphylococci. Among Gram-negative pathogens, P. aeruginosa was the most prevalent agent. Regarding the susceptibility profile, we found ampicillin-sensitive enterococci in 89% of the cases, oxacillin-sensitive S. aureus in 47%, but in coagulase-negative staphylococci, oxacillin was sensible only in 20%. The susceptibility profile of Gram-negatives was very good with 76% susceptibility of P. aeruginosa to ceftazidime and meropenem. The other prevalent Enterobacterales had great susceptibility to ceftazidime, piperacillin-tazobactam and 100% susceptibility to meropenem, with the exception of K. pneumoniae, which had 75% susceptibility to meropenem. Knowledge of microbiological profile and susceptibility patterns of patients with DFIs is useful to guide empirical therapy.
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BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to report early and long-term results of elective endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) in a tertiary low-volume hospital in Brazil. METHODS: Between October 2006 and May 2017, 120 patients underwent elective EVAR for infrarenal aortic aneurysm. The interventions were reviewed retrospectively, focusing on 30-day mortality, long-term survival, and freedom from reintervention. Late outcomes were assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression. RESULTS: The follow-up's median and interquartile range was 3 (1-5) years. Overall, most patients were males (75%) and the median age was 74 years. Mostly patients were at a high risk for intervention (79.1%) and the majority was classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists III (53.3%). Preoperative aneurysm diameter median was 60 mm, interquartile range was 52.7-69. As per the postoperative aneurysm sac evolution, the number of patients with a reduction, stabilization, or an increase was 93 (77.5%), 18 (15%), and 9 (7.5%), respectively. The 30-day mortality was 6.6% and no late aneurysm-related deaths were identified. The overall incidence of late endoleaks was 24.1%, with the predominance of type II (23.3%), followed by type IA (0.8 %). Secondary interventions were necessary for 9 patients (7.5%). The 6-year analyses revealed freedom from reintervention and overall survival of 87.9% and 57.7%, respectively. The Cox regression analyses identified age > 75 years as an adverse factor for overall survival (hazard ratio = 2.5; P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, EVAR in a low-volume center was associated with high 30-day mortality, but satisfactory long-term results were identified.
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Aneurisma de la Aorta Abdominal , Implantación de Prótesis Vascular , Procedimientos Endovasculares , Masculino , Humanos , Anciano , Femenino , Aneurisma de la Aorta Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagen , Aneurisma de la Aorta Abdominal/cirugía , Aneurisma de la Aorta Abdominal/complicaciones , Procedimientos Endovasculares/efectos adversos , Hospitales de Bajo Volumen , Estudios Retrospectivos , Brasil , Resultado del Tratamiento , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Tiempo , Endofuga/etiologíaRESUMEN
A total of 85 consecutive patients had their wound area measured. The procedure was executed in two parts. The first was to take photographs of the wound using a smartphone and measure the area using the imitoMeasure application (imito; imito AG, Zurich, Switzerland) by two raters. The second was to take photographs of the same wound using a 10-megapixel digital camera and posterior measurement of the area using ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md) by one operator. The mean area of the wounds was 12.20 ± 10.45 cm2 for imito and 12.67 ± 10.86 cm2 for ImageJ measurement. The interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between ImageJ and imito was 0.978 for a single measure and 0.989 for the average measure. Considering the two measurements, the ICC demonstrated excellent interobserver correlation using imito (0.987). Larger wounds had a greater difference between the methods (4.28% greater with the ImageJ measurement when considering areas >9 cm2). No difference was found between iOS (ICC, 0.995) and android (ICC, 0.970) smartphone operating systems. The smartphone application is a useful method for area measurement with excellent accuracy compared with digital photography and the ImageJ processing tool.
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BACKGROUND: In this article, we report the ultrasound aspects and recanalization rates of patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in the lower limbs treated with the rivaroxaban, focusing on the recanalization rate and the ultrasonographic aspects. METHODS: This was a prospective and consecutive cohort study of patients admitted with DVT who were submitted to treatment with rivaroxaban for 6 months at the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual, São Paulo, Brazil, between March 2016 and July 2018. RESULTS: Fifty-one patients with DVT were admitted to the Vascular Surgery Department and received rivaroxaban for 6 months. The follow-up time was 360 days. Analyses were performed at 180 and 360 days. The rate of total venous recanalization at 360 days was 76.4% (39 patients). The incidence of partial venous recanalization was 23.5% (12 patients). At the first month, 11 patients (21.7%) continued with total occlusion of the vein, with 4 patients (6.5%) with no residual thrombi. However, at 6 months, only 2 patients (2.2%) continued with total occlusion of the vein, with 26 patients (47.8%) with no residual thrombi. At 12 months, there were 39 patients (76.4%) with no residual thrombi. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression identified the following factors related to total venous recanalization: the absence of popliteal vein reflux (odds ratio [OR], 0.386; P = 0.007), no residual thrombi (OR, 3.213; P = 0.008), femoropopliteal clot length at 1 month (OR, 3.021; P = 0.016), femoropopliteal clot length at 6 months (OR, 2.234; P = 0.008). The incidence of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) at 12 months was 8.3%. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, patients who received oral rivaroxaban displayed satisfactory total vein recanalization rate after 6 months and 12 months. The factors associated with better total recanalization rates were the absence of popliteal vein reflux, the absence of residual thrombi in the veins, femoropopliteal clot length at 1 month (OR, 3.021; P = 0.016), and femoropopliteal clot length at 6 months (OR, 2.234; P = 0.008). Moreover, the incidence of PTS at 12 months was 8.3%.
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Inhibidores del Factor Xa/administración & dosificación , Extremidad Inferior/irrigación sanguínea , Rivaroxabán/administración & dosificación , Ultrasonografía Intervencional , Grado de Desobstrucción Vascular/efectos de los fármacos , Venas/efectos de los fármacos , Trombosis de la Vena/tratamiento farmacológico , Administración Oral , Brasil/epidemiología , Inhibidores del Factor Xa/efectos adversos , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Síndrome Postrombótico/diagnóstico por imagen , Síndrome Postrombótico/epidemiología , Síndrome Postrombótico/fisiopatología , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Rivaroxabán/efectos adversos , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Venas/diagnóstico por imagen , Venas/fisiopatología , Trombosis de la Vena/diagnóstico por imagen , Trombosis de la Vena/epidemiología , Trombosis de la Vena/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Internal iliac artery (IIA) preservation continues to be a challenge during open surgery or endovascular repair of abdominal aortoiliac aneurysm (AAIA). OBJECTIVES: To determine the results in terms of survival and clinical outcomes in patients with aortoiliac aneurysms (AAIA) treated with endovascular (EV) or open surgical (OS) repair. METHODS: This was a retrospective consecutive cohort study of patients with AAIA who underwent EV or OS repair. RESULTS: Post-procedure hospitalization time and intensive care unit stay were both longer in the OS group than in the EV group (7.08 ± 3.5 days vs. 3.32 ± 2.3 days; p = 0.03; 3.35 ± 2.2 days vs. 1.2 ± 0.8 days; p = 0.02, respectively). There were two cases of bowel ischemia (4.7%; OS 8.3% and EV 3.2%; p = 0.48), two cases of buttock claudication (4.7%; OS 8.3% and EV 3.2%; p = 0.48), and one case of sexual dysfunction (2.3% OS), all of them in patients with bilateral occlusion of the internal iliac artery (five patients, 11.6%; p = 0.035). Overall survival at 720 days was 80.6% in the EV group and 66.7% in the OS group (p = 0.58). CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, OS and EV repair of aortoiliac aneurysms had similar overall survival and outcomes. Preservation of at least one internal iliac artery is associated with good results and no further complications.
CONTEXTO: A preservação de uma artéria ilíaca interna continua a ser um desafio terapêutico nos pacientes com aneurismas aorto-ilíacos submetidos tanto ao tratamento endovascular quanto a cirurgia aberta. OBJETIVOS: Determinar os resultados da sobrevida e desfechos clínicos em pacientes com aneurismas aorto-ilíacos (AAIA) que recebem reparo endovascular (EV) ou cirúrgico aberto (CA). MÉTODOS: Este foi um estudo de coorte consecutivo e retrospectivo de pacientes com AAIA submetidos a reparo EV ou CA. RESULTADOS: Houve maior tempo de internação pós-procedimento e permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva no grupo CA comparado com o grupo EV (7,08±3,5 dias vs. 3,32±2,3 dias; p = 0,03; 3,35±2,2 dias vs. 1,2±0,8 dias; p = 0,02, respectivamente). Houve dois casos de isquemia intestinal (4,7%; CA 8,3% e EV 3,2%; p = 0,48), dois casos de claudicação das nádegas (4,7%; CA 8,3% e EV 3,2%; p = 0,48) e um caso de disfunção sexual (2,3% CA), todos em pacientes com oclusão bilateral da artéria ilíaca interna (AII) (cinco pacientes, 11,6%; p = 0,035). A sobrevida global aos 720 dias foi de 80,6% no grupo EV e de 66,7% no grupo CA (p = 0,58). CONCLUSÕES: No presente estudo, o EV e o CA para aneurismas aorto-ilíacos apresentaram sobrevida e desfechos clínicos semelhantes. A preservação de pelo menos uma AII está associada a bons resultados e sem complicações adicionais.
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BACKGROUND: To evaluate the rates of limb salvage, survival, and perioperative mortality in patients with acute limb ischemia (ALI) submitted to endovascular revascularization with pharmacomechanical thrombectomy (PMT) and catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT). METHODS: This was a retrospective consecutive cohort study of patients with ALI who were submitted to endovascular treatment with PMT or fibrinolysis at the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual (São Paulo, Brazil), between July 2015 and December 2018. The limb salvage rate and survival rate at 720 days were analyzed in both the PMT (group 1) and CDT treatment (group 2), as well as the perioperative mortality rate (PMR) at 30 days after surgery. RESULTS: One hundred twelve patients were admitted to the emergency department with ALI between July 2015 and December 2018. Seventeen patients diagnosed with Rutherford III irreversible ALI and 46 patients submitted to open surgery were excluded. Thus, 49 patients were submitted to endovascular surgery; 18 (36.7%) were classified into group 1, and 31 (63.3%) were classified into group 2. The clinical data were equal between the 2 groups, but there was a higher prevalence of thrombophilia in group 1 (3 cases; P < 0.001). The limb salvage rate and the overall survival rate at 720 days were similar between groups 1 and 2 (87.8% vs. 89.7%, P = 0.78 and 84.7% vs. 69.2%, P = 0.82, respectively). There was no statistical difference regarding secondary patency rates at 720 days between groups 1 and 2 (group 1, 81.9% and group 2, 78.8%; P = 0.66). The PMR was 16.7% (8 patients) within the first 30 days. Group 2 had a higher overall mortality rate (OMR) (6 patients, 19.3%, P = 0.03). Regarding the PMT group, there was a higher rate of complications such as myoglobinuria, hematuria, acute renal failure, and death in the subgroup of patients in whom there were performed more than 150 cycles/sec during the surgery (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, the PMT and CDT endovascular procedures had similar limb salvage, overall survival, and secondary patency rates. However, the OMR was higher in the CDT group. Another important finding was related to the number of cycles/sec performed in the PMT group, in whom patients with more than 150 cycles/sec have presented with higher rates of hematuria, myoglobinuria, acute renal failure, and death.
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Procedimientos Endovasculares , Isquemia/terapia , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/terapia , Trombectomía , Terapia Trombolítica , Enfermedad Aguda , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Brasil , Procedimientos Endovasculares/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Endovasculares/mortalidad , Femenino , Humanos , Isquemia/diagnóstico por imagen , Isquemia/mortalidad , Isquemia/fisiopatología , Recuperación del Miembro , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/mortalidad , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/fisiopatología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/mortalidad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/terapia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Trombectomía/efectos adversos , Trombectomía/mortalidad , Terapia Trombolítica/efectos adversos , Terapia Trombolítica/mortalidad , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Grado de Desobstrucción VascularRESUMEN
Abstract Background Internal iliac artery (IIA) preservation continues to be a challenge during open surgery or endovascular repair of abdominal aortoiliac aneurysm (AAIA). Objectives To determine the results in terms of survival and clinical outcomes in patients with aortoiliac aneurysms (AAIA) treated with endovascular (EV) or open surgical (OS) repair. Methods This was a retrospective consecutive cohort study of patients with AAIA who underwent EV or OS repair. Results Post-procedure hospitalization time and intensive care unit stay were both longer in the OS group than in the EV group (7.08 ± 3.5 days vs. 3.32 ± 2.3 days; p = 0.03; 3.35 ± 2.2 days vs. 1.2 ± 0.8 days; p = 0.02, respectively). There were two cases of bowel ischemia (4.7%; OS 8.3% and EV 3.2%; p = 0.48), two cases of buttock claudication (4.7%; OS 8.3% and EV 3.2%; p = 0.48), and one case of sexual dysfunction (2.3% OS), all of them in patients with bilateral occlusion of the internal iliac artery (five patients, 11.6%; p = 0.035). Overall survival at 720 days was 80.6% in the EV group and 66.7% in the OS group (p = 0.58). Conclusions In the present study, OS and EV repair of aortoiliac aneurysms had similar overall survival and outcomes. Preservation of at least one internal iliac artery is associated with good results and no further complications.
Resumo Contexto A preservação de uma artéria ilíaca interna continua a ser um desafio terapêutico nos pacientes com aneurismas aorto-ilíacos submetidos tanto ao tratamento endovascular quanto a cirurgia aberta. Objetivos Determinar os resultados da sobrevida e desfechos clínicos em pacientes com aneurismas aorto-ilíacos (AAIA) que recebem reparo endovascular (EV) ou cirúrgico aberto (CA). Métodos Este foi um estudo de coorte consecutivo e retrospectivo de pacientes com AAIA submetidos a reparo EV ou CA. Resultados Houve maior tempo de internação pós-procedimento e permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva no grupo CA comparado com o grupo EV (7,08±3,5 dias vs. 3,32±2,3 dias; p = 0,03; 3,35±2,2 dias vs. 1,2±0,8 dias; p = 0,02, respectivamente). Houve dois casos de isquemia intestinal (4,7%; CA 8,3% e EV 3,2%; p = 0,48), dois casos de claudicação das nádegas (4,7%; CA 8,3% e EV 3,2%; p = 0,48) e um caso de disfunção sexual (2,3% CA), todos em pacientes com oclusão bilateral da artéria ilíaca interna (AII) (cinco pacientes, 11,6%; p = 0,035). A sobrevida global aos 720 dias foi de 80,6% no grupo EV e de 66,7% no grupo CA (p = 0,58). Conclusões No presente estudo, o EV e o CA para aneurismas aorto-ilíacos apresentaram sobrevida e desfechos clínicos semelhantes. A preservação de pelo menos uma AII está associada a bons resultados e sem complicações adicionais.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Aneurisma de la Aorta/cirugía , Aneurisma Ilíaco/cirugía , Arteria Ilíaca , Aneurisma de la Aorta/mortalidad , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Vasculares/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Vasculares/métodos , Tasa de Supervivencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Aneurisma Ilíaco/mortalidad , Tiempo de InternaciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In this article, we report the outcomes of patients with deep venous thrombosis in the lower limbs treated with the oral anticoagulant rivaroxaban or warfarin, focusing on the recanalization rate (measured with duplex ultrasound) and the incidence of postthrombotic syndrome. METHODS: This was a prospective, consecutive, randomized, blind cohort study of patients admitted with deep venous thrombosis to the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual, São Paulo, Brazil, between March 2016 and July 2018. The patients were randomized into 2 groups and treated with oral anticoagulation for 6 months: either rivaroxaban (group 1) or warfarin (group 2). The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov under NCT 02704598. RESULTS: Eighty-eight patients with deep venous thrombosis were admitted to the Vascular Surgery Department and randomized into the 2 groups. The follow-up time was 360 days. Analyses were performed at 180 and 360 days. Four patients were excluded from the study during follow-up because of a diagnosis of ovarian cancer (1 patient), head and neck cancer (1 patient), lung cancer (1 patient), and stomach cancer (1 patient). Therefore, 84 patients were evaluated: 46 patients in group 1 and 38 in group 2. The incidence of postthrombotic syndrome was 17.9% (15 cases) in the total cohort, but was significantly higher in group 2 (11 cases, 28.9%) than in group 1 (4 cases, 8.7%; P < .001; odds ratio, 4.278). The rate of total venous recanalization at 360 days was 40.5% (34 patients) in the total cohort, but was significantly higher in group 1 (35 patients, 76.1%) than in group 2 (5 patients, 13.2%; P < .001). The incidence of partial venous recanalization was 46.4% and was significantly higher in group 2 (28 patients, 73.7%) than in group 1 (11 patients, 23.9%; P = .016). Five patients in the total cohort (6%) showed no venous recanalization, all of them in group 2 (P = .016). CONCLUSION: In this study, patients who received oral rivaroxaban displayed a lower incidence of postthrombotic syndrome and a better total vein recanalization rate after 6 and 12 months than patients who received warfarin.
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Anticoagulantes/administración & dosificación , Síndrome Postrombótico/epidemiología , Rivaroxabán/administración & dosificación , Grado de Desobstrucción Vascular/efectos de los fármacos , Trombosis de la Vena/tratamiento farmacológico , Warfarina/administración & dosificación , Administración Oral , Brasil/epidemiología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Incidencia , Extremidad Inferior , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Síndrome Postrombótico/diagnóstico por imagen , Síndrome Postrombótico/etiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Ultrasonografía Doppler Dúplex , Trombosis de la Vena/complicaciones , Trombosis de la Vena/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: In this paper, we report the long-term outcomes of the endovascular treatment of femoropopliteal occlusive disease, focusing on the importance of calcification and runoff outflow on limb salvage and patency, and the factors associated with these outcomes at a single center. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients with femoropopliteal occlusive who underwent femoropopliteal angioplasty at the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual, São Paulo, Brazil, between January 2015 and July 2017. RESULTS: In total, 86 femoropopliteal occlusive angioplasties were performed in 86 patients, with an initial technical success rate of 95.34%. The mean ± standard deviation follow-up time was 880 ± 68.84 days. The analysis was performed at 720 days. Technical failure occurred in four patients, who were excluded from the analysis, leaving 82 patients and 82 femoropopliteal occlusive angioplasties. The estimated primary patency, secondary patency, limb salvage, and overall survival rates at 720 days were 60%, 96%, 90%, and 82.5%, respectively. In univariate and multivariate analyses, Cox regression showed worse primary patency rates in patients with one tibial vessel or isolated popliteal artery runoff (p = 0.005), calcification grade 4 (p = 0.019), calcification grade > 2 (p = 0.017), small vessel diameter < 4 mm (p = 0.03) or primary angioplasty without stenting (p = 0.021). A univariate analysis showed worse limb salvage in patients with one tibial vessel or isolated popliteal artery runoff (p = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the main factors associated with worse outcomes in the endovascular treatment of femoropopliteal occlusive in terms of loss of primary patency were one tibial vessel or isolated popliteal artery runoff, calcification grade 4, or calcification grade > 2, small vessel diameter < 4 mm, and no stents use. One tibial vessel or isolated popliteal artery runoff was also associated with limb loss in a univariate Cox regression analysis.
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OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term estimates of limb salvage and survival in patients with acute limb ischemia (ALI) receiving open surgery or endovascular revascularization. METHODS: This was a retrospective consecutive cohort study of patients with ALI who underwent open surgery or endovascular treatment at the Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Unit, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual (São Paulo, Brazil), between July 2010 and July 2016. The overall mortality, limb salvage, and survival rates at 720 days were analyzed in both the open surgery (group 1) and endovascular treatment (group 2) groups. RESULTS: A total of 69 patients were admitted for a limb salvage procedure. The mean follow-up period was 822 ± 480.5 days. All of the analyses were performed at 720 days. Of the 69 patients, 46 (66.6%) were in group 1 and 23 (33.4%) in group 2. The clinical characteristics were similar between the groups, except for higher rates of chronic kidney disease (P = .04) and arrhythmia (P = .01) in group 1. Group 1 had a higher postoperative ankle-brachial index (P = .03). Concerning the Rutherford classification, group 1 had a higher prevalence of Rutherford IIB ALI (P = .003). The preoperative creatine kinase level was higher in group 1 than in group 2 (780 [range, 198-6546] mg/dL and 245 [65-78] mg/dL, respectively). A creatine kinase level >200 mg/dL was seen in 65.2% and 47.8% of patients in group 1 and group 2, respectively (P = .028). The limb salvage and overall survival estimates at 720 days were similar between group 1 and group 2 (79.2% vs 90.6% [P = .27] and 53% vs 60.8% [P = .45], respectively). The overall mortality rate was 10.1% (seven patients) within the first 30 days, and it was higher in group 1 (six patients [13.0%]; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: Both open surgery and endovascular procedures are safe treatments of patients with ALI, with acceptable limb salvage and survival rates. No previous study has suggested the preferred treatment of ALI. However, based on this study and the overall literature, endovascular treatment may be the preferred treatment of patients with Rutherford I and IIA ALI; open surgery may be the best option for ALI due to arterial embolism and for Rutherford IIB acute arterial thrombosis because of a greater urgency to restore blood flow.
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Procedimientos Endovasculares , Isquemia/cirugía , Extremidad Inferior/irrigación sanguínea , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/cirugía , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Vasculares , Enfermedad Aguda , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Amputación Quirúrgica , Brasil , Procedimientos Endovasculares/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Endovasculares/mortalidad , Femenino , Humanos , Isquemia/diagnóstico , Isquemia/mortalidad , Recuperación del Miembro , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/diagnóstico , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/mortalidad , Supervivencia sin Progresión , Estudios Retrospectivos , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Tiempo , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Vasculares/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Vasculares/mortalidadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Endovascular treatment (ET) of iliac occlusive disease (IOD) is well established in literature. Use of stents in IOD has achieved long-term limb salvage and patency rates similar to those of open surgery, with lower morbidity and mortality rates. OBJECTIVES: To report the long-term outcomes, particularly limb salvage and patency rates, of ET for IOD and the factors associated with these outcomes. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included patients with IOD who underwent iliac angioplasty (IA), between January 2009 and January 2015. Patients with critical limb ischemia or incapacitating claudication were included. RESULTS: In total, 48 IA procedures were performed in 46 patients, with an initial technical success rate of 95.83%. Failure occurred in two patients, who were excluded, leaving 44 patients and 46 IA. The primary patency, secondary patency, limb salvage, and survival rates at 1200 days were 88%, 95.3%, 86.3%, and 69.9%, respectively. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression revealed that the primary patency rate was significantly worse in patients with TASC type C/D than in patients with TASC type A/B (p = 0.044). Analysis of factors associated with major amputation using Cox regression showed that the rate of limb loss was greater in patients with TASC type C/D (p = 0.043). Male gender was associated with reduced survival (p = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS: TASC type C/D was associated with a higher number of reinterventions and with worse limb loss and primary patency rates. Male gender was associated with a worse survival rate after ET of IOD.
CONTEXTO: O tratamento endovascular da doença oclusiva ilíaca (DOI) é bem estabelecido. O uso de stents nas angioplastias ilíacas (AI) alcançou estimativas de salvamento de membro e perviedade similares às de cirurgias abertas, porém com menor morbimortalidade. OBJETIVOS: Demonstrar os desfechos clínicos a longo prazo, principalmente as estimativas de salvamento de membro (ESM) e perviedade, do tratamento endovascular da DOI e os fatores associados. MÉTODO: Estudo de coorte retrospectiva e consecutiva incluindo pacientes com DOI e isquemia crítica ou claudicação limitante submetidos a AI entre janeiro de 2009 a janeiro de 2015. RESULTADOS: Foram realizadas 48 AI em 46 pacientes, com uma taxa de sucesso técnico inicial de 95,83%. Ocorreu falha técnica em dois pacientes, os quais foram excluídos da análise, restando 44 pacientes e 46 AI. As estimativas de perviedade primária, perviedade secundária, ESM e sobrevida aos 1.200 dias foram de 88%, 95,3%, 86,3% e 69,9%, respectivamente. A regressão de Cox univariada e multivariada revelou que a perviedade primária foi pior em pacientes com classificação TASC C/D do que em pacientes TASC A/B (p = 0,044). Quando analisamos os fatores associados à amputação maior, verificou-se que lesões TASC tipo C/D (p = 0,043) apresentaram piores resultados. O sexo masculino foi associado com sobrevida reduzida (p = 0,011). CONCLUSÕES: Classificação TASC tipo C/D foi associada a um maior número de reintervenções, maior perda de membro e piores estimativas de perviedade primária. O sexo masculino foi associado a uma pior sobrevida.
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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to report the long-term limb salvage, survival and patency rates of endovascular treatment for aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD) when outflow was achieved through the profunda femoris artery (PFA) only vs both the PFA and superficial femoral artery (SFA). METHODS: From January 2008 to July 2016, patients with AIOD who underwent aortoiliac angioplasty at the Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual, São Paulo, Brazil, were classified into two groups according to whether they had femoral outflow via the PFA only (group 1) or both the PFA and SFA (group 2) in the affected leg. The primary outcome was amputation-free survival. The secondary outcomes were the patency and overall survival rates. RESULTS: In total, 69 aortoiliac angioplasties were performed in 69 patients: 22 patients (31.8%) in group 1 and 47 (67.2%) in group 2. A total of 12 reinterventions (17.4%) were performed, seven (31.8%) in group 1 and five (10.2%) in group 2, without statistical significance between the groups (P = .063). The mean clinical follow-up period was 2500 ± 880.5 days. Both the primary and secondary patency rates analyzed at 1800 days were similar between groups 1 and 2 (80.2% vs 82.3%; P = .80 and 84.7% vs 97.6%; P = .10, respectively). Furthermore, the limb salvage rates at 1800 days were similar between groups 1 and 2 (91.3% vs 86.1%; P = .60), as were the survival rates (74.7% vs 78%; P = .80). The Bollinger score was worse in group 1 (P = .001), as expected, because of occlusion of the SFA. However, the PFA and popliteal artery scores were similar between the two groups. Occlusion of the SFA did not influence the limb salvage rate according to univariate analysis (P = .509) and multivariate Cox regression analysis (P = .671). CONCLUSIONS: The patency of the SFA does not interfere with the outcomes of endovascular treatment for chronic AIOD. The PFA in conjunction with the popliteal artery as the sole outflow route for iliac endovascular treatment is associated with similar patency, survival, and limb salvage rates as those for outflow through both the PFA and SFA.
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Enfermedades de la Aorta/cirugía , Procedimientos Endovasculares , Arteria Femoral/fisiopatología , Arteria Ilíaca/cirugía , Isquemia/cirugía , Recuperación del Miembro , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/cirugía , Grado de Desobstrucción Vascular , Anciano , Amputación Quirúrgica , Enfermedades de la Aorta/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de la Aorta/mortalidad , Enfermedades de la Aorta/fisiopatología , Brasil , Enfermedad Crónica , Circulación Colateral , Procedimientos Endovasculares/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Endovasculares/mortalidad , Femenino , Arteria Femoral/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Arteria Ilíaca/diagnóstico por imagen , Arteria Ilíaca/fisiopatología , Isquemia/diagnóstico por imagen , Isquemia/mortalidad , Isquemia/fisiopatología , Recuperación del Miembro/efectos adversos , Recuperación del Miembro/mortalidad , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/mortalidad , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/fisiopatología , Flujo Sanguíneo Regional , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Abstract Background Endovascular treatment (ET) of iliac occlusive disease (IOD) is well established in literature. Use of stents in IOD has achieved long-term limb salvage and patency rates similar to those of open surgery, with lower morbidity and mortality rates. Objectives To report the long-term outcomes, particularly limb salvage and patency rates, of ET for IOD and the factors associated with these outcomes. Methods This retrospective cohort study included patients with IOD who underwent iliac angioplasty (IA), between January 2009 and January 2015. Patients with critical limb ischemia or incapacitating claudication were included. Results In total, 48 IA procedures were performed in 46 patients, with an initial technical success rate of 95.83%. Failure occurred in two patients, who were excluded, leaving 44 patients and 46 IA. The primary patency, secondary patency, limb salvage, and survival rates at 1200 days were 88%, 95.3%, 86.3%, and 69.9%, respectively. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression revealed that the primary patency rate was significantly worse in patients with TASC type C/D than in patients with TASC type A/B (p = 0.044). Analysis of factors associated with major amputation using Cox regression showed that the rate of limb loss was greater in patients with TASC type C/D (p = 0.043). Male gender was associated with reduced survival (p = 0.011). Conclusions TASC type C/D was associated with a higher number of reinterventions and with worse limb loss and primary patency rates. Male gender was associated with a worse survival rate after ET of IOD.
Resumo Contexto O tratamento endovascular da doença oclusiva ilíaca (DOI) é bem estabelecido. O uso de stents nas angioplastias ilíacas (AI) alcançou estimativas de salvamento de membro e perviedade similares às de cirurgias abertas, porém com menor morbimortalidade. Objetivos Demonstrar os desfechos clínicos a longo prazo, principalmente as estimativas de salvamento de membro (ESM) e perviedade, do tratamento endovascular da DOI e os fatores associados. Método Estudo de coorte retrospectiva e consecutiva incluindo pacientes com DOI e isquemia crítica ou claudicação limitante submetidos a AI entre janeiro de 2009 a janeiro de 2015. Resultados Foram realizadas 48 AI em 46 pacientes, com uma taxa de sucesso técnico inicial de 95,83%. Ocorreu falha técnica em dois pacientes, os quais foram excluídos da análise, restando 44 pacientes e 46 AI. As estimativas de perviedade primária, perviedade secundária, ESM e sobrevida aos 1.200 dias foram de 88%, 95,3%, 86,3% e 69,9%, respectivamente. A regressão de Cox univariada e multivariada revelou que a perviedade primária foi pior em pacientes com classificação TASC C/D do que em pacientes TASC A/B (p = 0,044). Quando analisamos os fatores associados à amputação maior, verificou-se que lesões TASC tipo C/D (p = 0,043) apresentaram piores resultados. O sexo masculino foi associado com sobrevida reduzida (p = 0,011). Conclusões Classificação TASC tipo C/D foi associada a um maior número de reintervenções, maior perda de membro e piores estimativas de perviedade primária. O sexo masculino foi associado a uma pior sobrevida.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Arteriopatías Oclusivas/cirugía , Procedimientos Endovasculares , Arteria Ilíaca , Factores Sexuales , Estudios Retrospectivos , Angioplastia , Recuperación del Miembro , Isquemia Crónica que Amenaza las Extremidades/cirugía , Amputación QuirúrgicaRESUMEN
Intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is commonly used for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI). The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) in patients with CLI and to assess their outcomes. Between May 2013 and May 2014, a prospective and observational study was conducted with 107 patients admitted exclusively for CLI treatment. The main outcomes included hemodialysis independence (HI) and overall survival (OS), as assessed by Kaplan-Meier curves. Overall, there was a predominance of males (57%), with a mean age of 70.5 (10.7) years. The incidence of CIN was 35.5%, and chronic kidney failure was the only factor associated with elevated risk of this condition (relative risk [RR] = 1.9; 95% confidence interval = 1.17-3.09; P = .017). The median follow-up was 645 days, and in 720-day analyses, patients who experienced CIN had worse HI (81.2% vs 96.3%; P = .0107) and OS (49.5% vs 66.3%; P = .0463). The current study found a high incidence of CIN in patients with CLI after DSA. This renal impairment was associated with a worse prognosis in terms of survival.
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Lesión Renal Aguda/inducido químicamente , Lesión Renal Aguda/epidemiología , Angiografía de Substracción Digital/efectos adversos , Medios de Contraste/efectos adversos , Isquemia/diagnóstico por imagen , Extremidad Inferior/irrigación sanguínea , Extremidad Inferior/diagnóstico por imagen , Lesión Renal Aguda/fisiopatología , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Brasil/epidemiología , Femenino , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Tasa de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Giant splenic artery aneurysm is a rare condition that represents an eminent life threatening for the patient, requiring, therefore, urgent surgical correction. A 61-year-old woman, former smoker, hypertensive, hypercholesterolemic and multipara sought our service because of a large tumor in the mesogastrium, which was an abdominal ultrasound finding. Despite the size of the tumor, the patient was asymptomatic. The angiotomography and the magnetic resonance image of the abdomen were suggestive of giant splenic artery aneurysm with more than 10cm in diameter that was confirmed by an angiography. She underwent surgery, open splenectomy, and partial aneurysmectomy. The approach of the celiac artery, which was ligated, was only possible with medialvisceral rotation because there was no possibility to view it through the anterior access. The histopathological test of aneurysmatic wall revealed atheroma plaques in the intima. The patient progressed without complications and she was discharged cured. In general, giant splenic artery aneurysms are symptomatic, however, as in the case we report, it may be asymptomatic and found in abdominal imaging exam. Although less invasive Interventional methods exist, such as laparoscopy and endovascular techniques, they were considered inappropriate in this case. Conventional open surgery should be the therapy of choice for a giant splenic artery aneurysm.
RESUMO O aneurisma gigante da artéria esplênica constitui condição rara, que representa risco de vida iminente para o paciente, necessitando, consequentemente, de correção cirúrgica urgente. Mulher de 61 anos, ex-fumante, hipertensa, com hipercolesterolêmica e multípara nos procurou por apresentar grande tumor no mesogástrio, achado de ultrassonografia abdominal. Apesar das dimensões do tumor, era assintomática. Angiotomografia e ressonância magnética de abdômen sugeriam tratar-se de aneurisma gigante de artéria esplênica com mais de 10cm de diâmetro, confirmado por angiografia. Foi submetida a tratamento cirúrgico aberto, tendo sido realizadas esplenectomia e aneurismectomia parcial. A abordagem do tronco celíaco, que foi ligado, só foi possível com rotação visceral medial, pois não havia possibilidade de visualizá-lo pela via anterior. O exame anatomopatológico da parede do saco aneurismático revelou placas de ateroma na íntima. A paciente evoluiu sem intercorrências e teve alta hospitalar curada. Aneurismas da artéria esplênica de dimensões avantajadas, em geral, são sintomáticos, porém, como no caso em questão, podem ser assintomáticos e descobertos em exame de imagem do abdômen. Apesar de existirem métodos intervencionistas menos invasivos, como laparoscopia e técnicas endovasculares, eles não foram considerados adequados neste caso. Diante de um aneurisma gigante de artéria esplênica, a conduta terapêutica de eleição é a cirurgia convencional aberta.