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INTRODUCTION: The success rates of NS-ReTx have varied across decades of prior research. Nonetheless, recent endodontic advances have substantially enhanced case management. This systematic review aimed to identify rigorous studies on contemporary NS-ReTx, investigating both periapical healing-evaluated strictly for complete resolution or loosely for size reduction of periapical radiolucency-and success, denoting clinical normalcy combined with periapical healing. METHODS: We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and gray literature from January 1988 to December 2022. Article selection and data extraction were independently conducted by 3 reviewers. Selected studies underwent risk of bias assessment, and evidence quality using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Meta-analysis and meta-regression established pooled outcome rates, 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and significant clinical prognostic factors (P < .05). RESULTS: Twenty-nine articles were included. Pooled periapical healing rates using strict and loose criteria were 78.8% (95% CI: 75.2-82.4) and 87.5% (95% CI: 83.8-91.2), respectively. Pooled success rates using strict and loose criteria were 78.0% (95% CI: 74.9-81.2) and 86.4% (95% CI: 82.6-90.1), respectively. Meta-regression analyses revealed significant influences on NS-ReTx outcomes (P < .05), including periapical status, lesion size, apical root filling extent, and follow-up duration. CONCLUSIONS: Contemporary NS-ReTx shows encouraging outcomes, achieving periapical healing and success rates ranging from approximately 78% (strict criteria) to 87% (loose criteria). The absence of or smaller preoperative lesions, adequate root filling length, and extended follow-ups significantly improve NS-ReTx outcomes. Integrating these factors into treatment planning is pivotal for optimizing the outcome of NS-ReTx.
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Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Retratamiento , Tratamiento del Conducto Radicular , Humanos , Tratamiento del Conducto Radicular/métodos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Estudios de CohortesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: In this research, a new approach termed as "evolutionary-based brain map" is presented as a diagnostic tool to classify schizophrenic and control subjects by distinguishing their electroencephalogram (EEG) features. METHODS: Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is employed to find discriminative frequency bands from different EEG channels. By deploying the energy of those selected frequency bands from different channels within each time frame (window) on the scalp geometry, a sort of two dimensional points along with their values are created; by applying Lagrange interpolation, an image can be constructed. Finally, by averaging the images belonging to successive time frames, an evolutionary-based brain map is created. RESULTS: In this study, twenty subjects from each group voluntarily participated and their EEG signals were caught from 20 channels. The energy of selected bands for different channels are arranged in a feature vector for each time frame and applied to Fisher linear discriminant analysis (FLDA) resulting in 83.74% diagnostic accuracy between the two groups. The achieved result by the proposed method was much higher than applying the energy of standard EEG bands (delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma) to the same classifier which just provided 77.04% accuracy. Applying T-test to the achieved results supports the supremacy of the proposed method as an automatic powerful diagnostic tool. CONCLUSION: The proposed brain map is capable of highlighting the same physiological and anatomical changes which are observed in fMRI, PET and CT as differentiable indicators between controls and schizophrenic patients.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: P300 is probably the most well-known component of event-related brain potentials (ERPs). Using an oddball paradigm, a P300 component can be identified, that is, elicited by the target stimuli recognition. Since P300 is associated with attention and memory operations of the brain, investigation of this component can improve our understanding of these mechanisms. The present study is aimed at identifying the P300 generators in 30 healthy subjects aged 18-30 years using time-reduction region-suppression linearly constrained minimum variance (TR-LCMV) beamformer. METHODS: In our study, TR-LCMV beamformer with multi-resolution approach is proposed, coarse-resolution space to find the approximated coherent source locations, fine-resolution space to estimate covariance matrix for dimension reduction of determined regions, and normal-resolution space to localize the P300 generators in the brain. RESULTS: Our results over simulated and real data showed that this approach is a suitable tool to the analysis of ERP fields with localizing superior and inferior frontal lobe, middle temporal gyrus, parietal lobe, and cingulate gyrus as the most prominent sources of P300. The result of P300 localization was finally compared with the other localization methods and it is demonstrated that enhanced performance is achieved. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that the P300 originates from a widespread neuronal network in the brain and not from a specific region. Our finding over simulated and real data demonstrated the ability of the TR-LCMV algorithm for P300 source localization.
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Encéfalo/fisiología , Potenciales Relacionados con Evento P300 , Adolescente , Adulto , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Voluntarios Sanos , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: During arthroscopy, the localization of calcific deposit in patients suffering from calcifying tendinitis can be demanding and time consuming, frequently using ionizing radiation. Intraoperative ultrasound has been recently promoted, facilitating deposit localization and reducing radiation dose. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this prospective, randomized, controlled and clinical observer-blinded pilot trial, 20 patients with calcific tendinitis were operated. In group I, the deposit was localized conventionally. In group II, the deposit was localized using intraoperative ultrasound. The needle punctures to detect the deposit and operation times were noted. Patients were postoperatively evaluated after 2 and 6 weeks and 9 months. RESULTS: In group II, the needle punctures to detect the deposit were significantly lower than in group I (p < 0.0001). Operation time to localize the deposit was also significantly less in group II (p < 0.033). In both groups, patients improved significantly with increased shoulder function (p < 0.0001) and decreased pain (p < 0.0001) 2 weeks and 9 months (p < 0.001) after surgery. The difference between the groups was not significant. Excellent radiological findings were obtained in both groups after 9 months. CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative US significantly facilitates the detection of calcific deposits during arthroscopic debridement by speeding up surgery and reducing the number of needle punctures. Hence, we have changed our method of detecting calcific deposits intraoperatively from fluoroscopy to ultrasound.
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Artroscopía/métodos , Calcinosis/cirugía , Desbridamiento/métodos , Manguito de los Rotadores/patología , Tendinopatía/cirugía , Ultrasonografía Intervencional , Adulto , Artritis/cirugía , Bolsa Sinovial/cirugía , Calcinosis/complicaciones , Calcinosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tempo Operativo , Dolor/cirugía , Dimensión del Dolor , Proyectos Piloto , Estudios Prospectivos , Manguito de los Rotadores/diagnóstico por imagen , Manguito de los Rotadores/cirugía , Lesiones del Manguito de los Rotadores , Articulación del Hombro/diagnóstico por imagen , Articulación del Hombro/cirugía , Tendinopatía/complicaciones , Tendinopatía/patologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: As cytomegalovirus may be etiologically involved in periapical pathosis of endodontic origin, this study aimed to determine the cellular source of periapical cytomegalovirus. METHODS: Periapical granulomatous tissue was collected from 15 extracted teeth with symptomatic periapical lesions. Multi-color flow cytometry was used to identify cytomegalovirus-infected cells. RESULTS: Cytomegalovirus infection was identified in 10 of the 15 (67%) study lesions, and in periapical monocytes/macrophages (40% of lesions) and T lymphocytes (54% of lesions), but not in periapical B lymphocytes. CONCLUSION: This study and previous polymerase chain reaction-based investigations show that cytomegalovirus is a frequent inhabitant of symptomatic periapical lesions.
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Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/virología , Citomegalovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades Periapicales/virología , Adulto , Linfocitos B/virología , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/patología , Citometría de Flujo , Humanos , Macrófagos/virología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Monocitos/virología , Enfermedades Periapicales/patología , Granuloma Periapical/patología , Granuloma Periapical/virología , Linfocitos T/virologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Apical periodontitis of endodontic origin may develop as a result of cooperative interactions among herpesviruses, specific pathogenic bacteria and tissue-destructive inflammatory mediators. This study sought to identify the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) transcripts in symptomatic and asymptomatic periapical lesions of individuals living in Iran. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty endodontic patients (28 with symptomatic periapical lesions and 22 with asymptomatic periapical lesions) were included in the study. In each study subject, a microbiological periapical sample was collected using a curette in conjunction with periapical surgery. A reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay was used to identify transcripts of EBV and HCMV. RESULTS: Human cytomegalovirus transcript was detected in 15 of the 28 (53.6%) symptomatic and in six of the 22 (27.3%) asymptomatic periapical study lesions (significant difference between symptomatic and asymptomatic lesions; P = 0.03, chi-square test). Epstein-Barr virus transcript was identified in one symptomatic and in two asymptomatic periapical lesions. CONCLUSION: This study establishes that HCMV transcription is common in apical periodontitis and is most frequent in symptomatic lesions. The high frequency of active herpesvirus infections in severe apical periodontitis changes the pathogenic paradigm of the disease and may also have preventive and therapeutic implications.
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Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/virología , Citomegalovirus/genética , Periodontitis Periapical/virología , Tejido Periapical/virología , Transcripción Genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Apicectomía , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/virología , Herpesvirus Humano 4/genética , Humanos , Irán , Persona de Mediana Edad , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , ARN Viral/genética , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a B-lymphotropic gamma-herpesvirus, causes infectious mononucleosis and oral hairy leukoplakia, and is associated with various types of lymphoid and epithelial malignancies. Saliva is the main vehicle for EBV transmission from individual to individual. Recent studies have also implicated EBV in the pathogenesis of advanced types of periodontal disease. EBV DNA is detected in 60-80% of aggressive periodontitis lesions and in 15-20% of gingivitis lesions or normal periodontal sites. The periodontal presence of EBV is associated with an elevated occurrence of periodontopathic anaerobic bacteria. Moreover, EBV active infection occurs in approximately 70% of symptomatic and large-size periapical lesions. EBV and cytomegalovirus often co-exist in marginal and apical periodontitis. Periodontal therapy can markedly suppress the EBV load in periodontal pockets as well as in saliva, which has the potential to reduce the risk of viral transmission between close individuals. EBV proteins up-regulate cytokines and growth factors, which seem to play a central role in the proliferative response of tongue epithelial cells in oral hairy leukoplakia and in the cell-transformation process of EBV-associated malignancies. Further research is needed to identify the full range of EBV-related diseases in the human oral cavity.
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Herpesvirus Humano 4/patogenicidad , Enfermedades de la Boca/virología , Transformación Celular Viral , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/transmisión , Gingivitis/virología , Humanos , Leucoplasia Vellosa/virología , Neoplasias de la Boca/virología , Periodontitis Periapical/virología , Periodontitis/virología , Pulpitis/virología , Saliva/virologíaRESUMEN
Large defects of functional soft tissue structures, e.g., extensor mechanism, ligaments, muscles, and joint capsule, may occur in tumor surgery or revision surgery following conventional joint replacement. Reconstruction can be performed using biological grafts such as free or pedicled tendon-muscle flaps, allografts, or synthetic material. Prerequisites for synthetic material are good biologic tolerance with fibroblastic ingrowth, mechanical resistance to fatigue, and a maximum of tension force with a minimum of elongation. In this study we used a nonresorbable band of longitudinal polyester fibers with a minimal rupture level of 4000 N and an elongation rate less than 7% of its original length. The shape of the band was designed for universal use with 40 cm length and 6 cm width. Its primary indication was augmentation or complete reconstruction of the extensor mechanism of the knee joint after large extra-articular tumor resections in primary bone tumors. Furthermore, its use for hip joint capsule reconstruction in luxation, coverage of megaprostheses of the humerus, and augmentation after biological reconstruction of tendons achieved excellent results.
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Neoplasias Óseas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Óseas/cirugía , Osteotomía/efectos adversos , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/métodos , Prótesis e Implantes , Traumatismos de los Tendones/etiología , Traumatismos de los Tendones/cirugía , Humanos , Procedimientos Ortopédicos/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Ortopédicos/instrumentación , Procedimientos Ortopédicos/métodos , Poliésteres , Ajuste de Prótesis/métodos , Procedimientos de Cirugía Plástica/instrumentación , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
A novel protein known as receptor activator of NF-kappa beta ligand (RANK-L) has been identified as a potential osteoclast differentiation factor. However, comparatively little is known about the expression of RANK-L in the pathogenesis of periradicular lesions. In this study, RANK-L expression was evaluated in biopsy specimens from apical periodontitis. Tissue samples from 21 periapical lesions were collected. RANK-L mRNA was isolated by using the guanidinium isothiocyanate acid phenol method. This was followed by generation of cDNA using specific primer for RANK-L by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction amplification. RANK-L expression in each periapical sample was assessed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Gel electrophoresis analysis showed a single band of 385 bp corresponding to RANK-L in every periapical lesion. By contrast, normal control tissue showed no detectable RANK-L mRNA expression. In conclusion, RANK-L may play a role in apical periodontitis-induced bone resorption.
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Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/metabolismo , Proteínas Portadoras/biosíntesis , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/biosíntesis , Periodontitis Periapical/metabolismo , Electroforesis en Gel de Agar , Humanos , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Osteoclastos/metabolismo , Ligando RANK , ARN Mensajero/análisis , Receptor Activador del Factor Nuclear kappa-B , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa InversaRESUMEN
AIM: To compare the presence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections in samples from 25 symptomatic and 19 asymptomatic periapical lesions. METHODOLOGY: Periapical samples were collected by sterile curettes in conjunction with apicectomy. cDNA-based HCMV and EBV identification was performed on total mRNAs extracted from peripapical tissues, using primers for genes transcribed during the productive phase of the herpesvirus infection. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-squared test. RESULTS: HCMV was detected in 100% of the symptomatic and in 37% of the asymptomatic study lesions. EBV was identified only in HCMV-infected periapical lesions. The difference in occurrence of HCMV and EBV between symptomatic and asymptomatic periapical lesions was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The noteworthy finding of this study was the ubiquitous occurrence of HCMV active infection in symptomatic periapical pathosis. EBV may contribute to periapical pathogenesis in a subset of symptomatic lesions. HCMV and EBV infections may cause periapical pathosis by inducing cytokine and chemokine release from inflammatory or connective tissue cells, or by impairing local host defences resulting in heightened virulence of resident bacterial pathogens. Knowledge about the role of herpesviruses in periapical pathosis seems important to fully delineate the pathogenesis of endodontic infectious diseases. HCMV and probably EBV should be added to the list of putative pathogenic agents in symptomatic periapical disease.
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Citomegalovirus/patogenicidad , Herpesvirus Humano 4/patogenicidad , Periodontitis Periapical/virología , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/virología , ADN Viral/análisis , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/virología , HumanosRESUMEN
Artificial ligaments are a useful tool in ligament reconstruction. Although the new generation of artificial ligaments shows encouraging clinical results, in contrast to earlier generations studies on the biological properties are lacking. Biopsies were taken from a ligament advancement reinforcement system (LARS) 6 months after implantation and investigated by histochemistry. An in vitro study seeding human fibroblasts or osteoblast-like cells (up to 10(6) cells for 21 days) on ligament pieces (5 x 5 mm) was conducted and analyzed by histochemistry. The biopsies showed complete cellular and connective tissue ingrowth in the LARS ligament. In vitro fibroblasts and osteoblast-like cells encapsulated the fibers by building a cellular net around them. To our knowledge, these findings demonstrate for the first time the cellular ingrowth into the LARS ligament. This mechanism might explain the strength and the inert behavior of the ligament without the synovialitis shown in clinical studies.
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Ligamentos/citología , Ligamentos/cirugía , Prótesis e Implantes , Adulto , Materiales Biocompatibles , División Celular , Femenino , Fibroblastos/citología , Fibroblastos/trasplante , Humanos , Ligamentos/crecimiento & desarrollo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Osteoblastos/citología , Osteoblastos/trasplante , Tereftalatos Polietilenos , Implantación de Prótesis , Ingeniería de TejidosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have identified human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in symptomatic periapical lesions. Little information exists on HCMV and EBV in asymptomatic periapical lesions. AIM: To compare the presence of late transcripts of HCMV, EBV and herpes simplex virus (HSV) in symptomatic and asymptomatic periapical lesions. METHODS: Periapical samples were collected from seven symptomatic and seven asymptomatic periapical lesions at the time of apicoectomy. HCMV, EBV and HSV late mRNAs were identified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: HCMV mRNA was detected in all seven symptomatic periapical lesions and in one asymptomatic lesion (Chi-squared test, Yates'P-value = 0.007). EBV mRNA was detected in six symptomatic lesions and in one asymptomatic lesion (P = 0.04). One asymptomatic lesion yielded HSV mRNA. CONCLUSIONS: HCMV and EBV active infections are associated with acute exacerbation of apical periodontitis. HSV seems to be unimportant in periapical pathosis.
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Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Periapicales/virología , Apicectomía , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Citomegalovirus/clasificación , Herpesvirus Humano 4/clasificación , Humanos , ARN Mensajero/análisis , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Simplexvirus/clasificación , Estomatitis Herpética/diagnóstico , Diente no Vital/virologíaRESUMEN
Herpesviruses seem to play an important role in the pathogenesis of aggressive periodontitis and may also contribute to periapical pathosis. This study determined the presence of human cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and herpes simplex virus productive infection in five symptomatic periapical lesions of teeth having intact crowns and calcified necrotic pulps. Periapical samples were collected in conjunction with periapical surgery and kept frozen until virological examination. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used in herpesviral identification. RNA was isolated from periapical tissue by a guanidinium isothiocyanate-acid phenol procedure. cDNAs were generated from highly conserved regions of the test viruses using a preamplification kit. Sensitivity and validity of the PCR-primers were determined according to established methods. Amplification products were identified using gel electrophoresis. Human cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus dual transcription was detected in all five periapical lesions studied. Herpes simplex virus transcript was not identified in any lesion. The present data suggest that human cytomegalovirus or Epstein-Barr virus activation participate in the pathogenesis of symptomatic periapical lesions. We hypothesize that periapical active herpesvirus infection impairs local defenses, thereby inducing overgrowth of endodontopathic bacteria and the clinical flare-up of inflammation.
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Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/virología , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr/virología , Herpes Simple/virología , Periodontitis Periapical/virología , Citomegalovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Herpesvirus Humano 4/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Simplexvirus/fisiología , SobreinfecciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Productive Herpesviridae infections are implicated in the etio-pathogenesis of aggressive periodontitis. However, virtually nothing is known about a possible role of herpesviruses in pulpal and periapical pathosis. This study employed a cDNA analysis to determine transcription of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) in 14 recalcitrant periapical lesions and in 2 periapical healthy control sites. METHODS: Periapical samples were collected in conjunction with periapical surgery and kept frozen until virologic examination. RNA was isolated from periapical tissue by using a guanidinium isothiocyanate-acid phenol procedure (TRIZOL LS Reagent, GIBCO BRL, Rockville, MD). cDNAs were amplified by means of oligonucleotides targeting highly conserved regions of the test viruses and the RT-PCR-100 amplification kit (Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO). Standardization of PCR primer sensitivity and validation was carried out according to established methods. Amplification products were identified by agarose gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: HCMV transcript was detected in 12 of 13 symptomatic and in 1 asymptomatic periapical lesion. EBV transcript was demonstrated in 8 of the 13 symptomatic lesions but not in the asymptomatic periapical lesion. HCMV and EBV dual transcription occurred at higher frequency in periapical lesions showing radiographic bone destruction of 5 mm x 7 mm or larger than in smaller size lesions (P = 0.03; Chi-squared test). No HCMV or EBV transcription was identified in the 2 healthy control sites. HSV transcript was not detected in any study site. CONCLUSION: The present data suggest that HCMV or EBV infections participate in the pathogenesis of periapical symptomatic lesions. Herpesviruses may produce periapical pathosis as a direct result of viral infection and replication, or as a consequence of virally induced impairment of the host defense and subsequent increased virulence of resident bacterial pathogens.
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Citomegalovirus/genética , ADN Viral/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 4/genética , Enfermedades Periapicales/virología , Transcripción Genética/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Resorción Ósea/virología , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Niño , Secuencia Conservada/genética , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/virología , ADN Complementario/genética , Infecciones por Herpesviridae/virología , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tejido Periapical/virología , ARN Viral/genética , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Simplexvirus/genéticaRESUMEN
Mitral valve prolapse is a common cardiac disorder that can readily be diagnosed by characteristic auscultatory and echocardiographic criteria. Although many diseases have been associated with mitral valve prolapse, most affected individuals have the primary form of the disorder. Mitral valve prolapse is an inherited condition commonly associated with myxomatous degeneration of the mitral valve and its support structures. Complications of mitral valve prolapse, including cardiac arrhythmias, sudden death, infective endocarditis, severe mitral regurgitation (with or without chordae tendineae rupture), and cerebral ischemic events, occur infrequently considering the wide prevalence of the disorder. Panic disorder is a specific type of anxiety disorder characterized by at least three panic attacks within a 3-week period or one panic attack followed by fear of subsequent panic attacks for at least 1 month. It too is a common condition with a prevalence and age and gender distribution similar to that of mitral valve prolapse. Panic disorder and mitral valve prolapse share many nonspecific symptoms, including chest pain or discomfort, palpitations, dyspnea, effort intolerance, and pre-syncope. Chest pain is the symptom in both conditions that most commonly brings the patient to medical attention. The clinical description of chest pain in patients with mitral valve prolapse is highly variable, possibly reflecting multiple etiologies. Chest pain in panic disorder is usually characterized as atypical angina pectoris and as such bears resemblance to the chest pain commonly described by patients with mitral valve prolapse. Multiple investigative attempts to elucidate the mechanism of chest pain in both conditions have failed to identify a unifying cause. Review of the literature leaves little doubt that mitral valve prolapse and panic disorder frequently co-occur. Given the similarities in their symptomatology, a high rate of co-occurrence is, in fact, entirely predictable. There is, however, no convincing evidence of a cause-effect relationship between the two disorders, nor has a single pathophysiologic or biochemical mechanism been identified that unites these two common conditions. Until specific biologic markers for these disorders are identified, it may be impossible to do so. The lack of a proven cause-and-effect relationship between mitral valve prolapse and panic disorder and the absence of a unifying mechanism do not diminish the clinical significance of the high rate of co-occurrence between the two conditions. Primary care physicians and cardiologists frequently encounter patients with mitral valve prolapse and nonspecific symptoms with no discernible objective cause who fail to respond to beta-blockade. Panic disorder should be considered as a possible explanation for symptoms in such patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Trastornos de Ansiedad/complicaciones , Dolor en el Pecho/etiología , Prolapso de la Válvula Mitral/complicaciones , Pánico , Dolor en el Pecho/psicología , Humanos , Prolapso de la Válvula Mitral/psicologíaRESUMEN
After the distribution of suitably informative leaflets all the employees of 2 companies were invited to participate in a screening programme with the aim of detecting elevated cholesterol levels. 238 out of 510 employees participated in the screening. Related to the age-adjusted Austrian recommendations for the upper limit of normal values, cholesterol was elevated in 73 people (30.7%). The percentage of smokers was slightly below the Austrian rate with 26% in company M and 30% in company H. All the participants were informed of their laboratory results within one week. Participants with a moderately or extremely increased risk were invited to a personal talk. Furthermore, a number of other previously undetected abnormalities were detected in 41 cases (17.2%), leading to subsequent clinical diagnosis and treatment. In addition, 3 plasma factor defects were discovered. These investigations served as a foundation for a more intensive planned programme. A continuation of this screening procedure is planned involving about 10,000 people per year.