RESUMEN
AIMS: The protective effects of natural honey against acetic acid-induced colitis were investigated in rats. METHODS: Honey and glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose mixture were administered, orally and rectally, daily for a period of 4 days. Induction of colitis was done on the third day using 3% acetic acid. Animals were killed on day 4 two hours after administration of the dose and colonic biopsies were taken for macroscopic scoring, histopathological and biochemical studies. RESULTS: Honey dose-dependently afforded protection against acetic acid-induced colonic damage. There was almost 100% protection with the highest dose (5 g/kg) used while glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose mixture produced no significant protective effect. Also, honey prevented the depletion of the antioxidant enzymes reduced glutathione and catalase and restored the lipid peroxide malondialdehyde towards normal levels. CONCLUSIONS: Further studies are required to explore the active ingredients responsible for the antioxidant effect of honey and its therapeutic potential in humans.
Asunto(s)
Colitis/prevención & control , Miel , Ácido Acético , Administración Rectal , Animales , Colitis/inducido químicamente , Colitis/patología , Colitis Ulcerosa/prevención & control , Colon/patología , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Biochemical and histological evaluations of the effects of the iron chelator desferrioxamine on the nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin in normal rats were carried out. A single dose of cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg, intravenously) caused nephrotoxicity that manifested biochemically as an elevation of blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and an increase in the kidney weight as a percent of body weight. Moreover, severe decreases in serum calcium and albumin were observed. Histopathological examination of kidney tissue revealed tubular necrosis with sloughing of tubular epithelium. Desferrioxamine treatment (250 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) 30 min before cisplatin administration does not protect the kidney from the damaging effects of cisplatin. A greater increase in blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and kidney weight was observed with significant tubular necrosis and a mild lymphocytic infiltrate. Desferrioxamine pretreatment decreased the lipid peroxidation induced by cisplatin but at the same time increased nonprotein sulfhydryl (-SH) concentrations in the kidney tissue. The findings of this study suggest that lipid peroxidation is not the main cause of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity and that desferrioxamine which was useful for prevention of cardiac and hematological damage induced by doxorubicin, aggrevated the cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. More investigations are needed to establish a definite assessment of its selectivity.
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Cisplatino/toxicidad , Deferoxamina/farmacología , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Cisplatino/farmacocinética , Glutatión/metabolismo , Riñón/metabolismo , Riñón/patología , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Platino (Metal)/farmacocinética , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Seven symptomatic patients with Wilson's disease have so far been diagnosed at King Khalid University Hospital (KKUH), Riyadh, over the last six years. On family screening, another three asymptomatic patients were found to be affected. Five of the symptomatic patients had clinical features of liver disease on initial presentation and was preceded by renal dysfunction in another patient. The remaining patient presented with neurological features. Six patients had Kayser-Fleisher ring. Abnormal liver function tests were found in half of the patients. Ceruloplasmin was reduced in 7 of 10 patients. Serum copper and urinary copper estimations were most useful diagnostic laboratory tests. Morphological alteration was found in all 9 patients who had a percutaneous liver biopsy. All patients were treated initially with D-penicillamine and clinical response was noted in seven, of whom one developed neurological manifestations while receiving the treatment. D-penicillamine was replaced by zinc sulfate in 3 patients who developed thrombocytopenia. The data suggest that Wilson's disease may not be rare in Saudi Arabia. For early detection and prompt treatment, the disease should be suspected under appropriate clinical circumstances especially in young patients with liver diseases. Close relatives of such index patients should be routinely screened.
Asunto(s)
Degeneración Hepatolenticular/complicaciones , Hepatopatías/complicaciones , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Femenino , Degeneración Hepatolenticular/epidemiología , Humanos , Masculino , Arabia Saudita/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Histological changes were studied in experimental animals following the intraperitoneal administration of high-dose cisplatin with or without high-dose methotrexate and citrovorum factor. There were pronounced renal toxicities with high-dose (10 mg/kg) cisplatin, particularly involving distal tubules with glomerular congestion. However, lower toxicities were noted with reduced dosage of cisplatin (5 mg/kg) and especially if given once as a single bolus injection instead of a 5-day regimen. Renal and hepatic toxicities were marked with concomitant methotrexate administration leading to hemorrhagic diathesis and shorter survival. However, toxicities were relatively reduced when cisplatin was given as a single bolus injection instead of a 5-day divided course. Such information may prove helpful in future planning of combination chemotherapy in patients with malignancies using these two agents.