RESUMEN
Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is an important releasing fish in the Yellow and Bohai Seas of China. The identification of wild and releasing population is the premise to evaluate the enhancement effects. In order to study the application of stable isotope in the identification of released P. olivaceus population, captured juveniles in the offshore releasing area of Qinhuangdao were distinguished into wild and released population using previous method (combination of morphology and molecular). Then, the contents of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope in muscle and otoliths (including the whole and the core region) were measured. The cultured population was set as control. The results showed that δ13C values (wild population: -17.19±0.73; released population: -17.10±0.61; cultured population: -20.75±0.07) and δ15N values (wild population: 11.81±0.38; released population: 11.62±0.48; cultured population: 8.64±0.60) of muscle and δ13C value (wild popu-lation: -4.47±0.35; released population: -4.63±0.29; cultured population: -6.59±0.58) of the whole otolith could be used to identify the cultured population, but could not be used to distinguish the wild from the released population. The δ13C value (wild population: -4.66±0.30; released population: -5.41±0.21; cultured population: -5.37±0.19) of the core region of otolith could be used to identify the wild popu-lation. The δ18O values of the whole and the core region of otolith from these three groups were overlapped and could not be used to distinguish different populations. Our results indicated that the δ13C value of the core area of otolith could be used to identify wild and released population, with application prospect in the identification of broodstocks participating in spawning migration. This study provided basic data and technical methods for evaluating early resources replenishment and the effects of Japanese flounder enhancement.
Asunto(s)
Lenguado , Animales , Carbono , Isótopos de Carbono/análisis , Isótopos de Nitrógeno/análisis , Océanos y Mares , Membrana OtolíticaRESUMEN
Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis is a type of red alga that contains seaweed polysaccharide agar. In this study, a novel non-agar seaweed polysaccharide fraction named GCP (short of crude polysaccharide obtained from Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis) was isolated from Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. Structural analysis showed that GCP shows triple helical chain conformation when dissolved in water and has many branches and long side chains. Also, 1â3 linkage is the major linkage and the sugar structures are galactopyranose configurations linked by ß-type glycosidic linkages. Two macromolecular substance fractions (GCP-1 and GCP-2) were purified by DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow column chromatography. Moreover, a splenocyte damage assay and splenocyte proliferation assay were used to analyse the bioactivities of GCP, GCP-1 and GCP-2. It was demonstrated that polysaccharides could protect splenocyte damaged by H2O2; GCP-2 shows a greatest protection rate, that is, 92.8%, which significantly enhanced the splenocyte proliferation, and GCP showed the highest proliferation rate, 9.30%. The results suggested that this type of novel non-agar polysaccharide displayed remarkable antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities and early alkali treatment could decrease the activities. It may represent a potential material for health food and clinical medicines.
Asunto(s)
Polisacáridos/química , Rhodophyta/química , Algas Marinas/química , Animales , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Linfocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Ratones , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Estructura Molecular , Peso Molecular , Ácido Peryódico/química , Polisacáridos/aislamiento & purificación , Valores de Referencia , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de FourierRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis is a type of red alga that contains seaweed polysaccharide agar. In this study, a novel non-agar seaweed polysaccharide fraction named GCP (short of crude polysaccharide obtained from Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis) was isolated from Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis. Structural analysis showed that GCP shows triple helical chain conformation when dissolved in water and has many branches and long side chains. Also, 1→3 linkage is the major linkage and the sugar structures are galactopyranose configurations linked by β-type glycosidic linkages. Two macromolecular substance fractions (GCP-1 and GCP-2) were purified by DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow column chromatography. Moreover, a splenocyte damage assay and splenocyte proliferation assay were used to analyse the bioactivities of GCP, GCP-1 and GCP-2. It was demonstrated that polysaccharides could protect splenocyte damaged by H2O2; GCP-2 shows a greatest protection rate, that is, 92.8%, which significantly enhanced the splenocyte proliferation, and GCP showed the highest proliferation rate, 9.30%. The results suggested that this type of novel non-agar polysaccharide displayed remarkable antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities and early alkali treatment could decrease the activities. It may represent a potential material for health food and clinical medicines.