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OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of antibodies against Trypanosoma cruzi in puerperal women and to assess possible congenital transmission of Chagas' disease in the department of Arequipa, Peru, where the disease is endemic. METHODS: Women who had given birth between December 2001 and July 2002 in three hospitals (two urban and one rural) and four health centers (three rural and one urban) of the department of Arequipa, Peru, were studied. The serological study included screening all the puerperal women in order to detect antibodies against T. cruzi through indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), with confirmatory testing done with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing and the titration of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies by IIF. IIF tests to screen for immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies were done with the seropositive women and their newborns, and infection was evaluated through xenodiagnosis (evaluated at 30 and 60 days) and the direct micromethod of Freilij et al. The results were analyzed in terms of the presence of the vector and of cases of Chagas' disease in the places where the puerperal women had been born and where they were living. Two neonatologists clinically evaluated the newborns in order to detect abnormalities and signs of congenital Chagas' disease. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of Chagas' disease in the 3 000 puerperal women studied was 0.73%. Prevalence was highest in two health centers located in rural areas (2.2% in El Pedregal and 4.1% in La Joya) (P=0.018). The disease was associated with previous direct contact with the vector (P<0.05) and with having been born in an area considered endemic (P<0.01). Four (20%) of the 20 seropositive puerperal women were also positive by xenodiagnosis. However, none of the women was aware of her infectious carrier state, and none showed the characteristic symptoms or signs of acute or chronic Chagas' disease. IgM antibodies were not detected in any of the puerperal women. One neonate (whose mother did not have evidence of parasitemia) presented an IgM titer of 1/8, but in later controls neither IgM nor IgG antibodies were detected. Parasites were not detected in the blood of the neonates by either of the two testing methods used. Of the 20 neonates evaluated, one presented microcephaly and hepatosplenomegaly; although the child had specific IgG antibodies against T. cruzi at birth, the antibodies were not present at the age of two months. The growth and development of the other 19 newborns were normal. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of Chagas' disease in puerperal women of the department of Arequipa, Peru, is low. No cases of intrauterine congenital transmission were found. We recommend carrying out studies on prenatal detection that evaluate more mothers and in which women who give birth at home also participate.

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Objectives. To determine the prevalence of antibodies against Trypanosoma cruzi in puerperal women and to assess possible congenital transmission of Chagas' disease in the department of Arequipa, Peru, where the disease is endemic. Methods. Women who had given birth between December 2001 and July 2002 in three hospitals (two urban and one rural) and four health centers (three rural and one urban) of the department of Arequipa, Peru, were studied. The serological study included screening all the puerperal women in order to detect antibodies against T. cruzi through indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), with confirmatory testing done with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing and the titration of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies by IIF. IIF tests to screen for immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies were done with the seropositive women and their newborns, and infection was evaluated through xenodiagnosis (evaluated at 30 and 60 days) and the direct micromethod of Freilij et al. The results were analyzed in terms of the presence of the vector and of cases of Chagas' disease in the places where the puerperal women had been born and where they were living. Two neonatologists clinically evaluated the newborns in order to detect abnormalities and signs of congenital Chagas' disease. Results. The overall prevalence of Chagas' disease in the 3 000 puerperal women studied was 0.73%. Prevalence was highest in two health centers located in rural areas (2.2% in El Pedregal and 4.1% in La Joya) (P = 0.018). The disease was associated with previous direct contact with the vector (P < 0.05) and with having been born in an area considered endemic (P < 0.01). Four (20%) of the 20 seropositive puerperal women were also positive by xenodiagnosis. However, none of the women was aware of her infectious carrier state, and none showed the characteristic symptoms or signs of acute or chronic Chagas' disease. IgM antibodies were not detected in any of the puerperal women. One neonate (whose mother did not have evidence of parasitemia) presented an IgM titer of 1/8, but in later controls neither IgM nor IgG antibodies were detected. Parasites were not detected in the blood of the neonates by either of the twotesting methods used. Of the 20 neonates evaluated, one presented microcephaly and hepatosplenomegaly; although the child had specific IgG antibodies against T. cruzi at birth, the antibodies were not present at the age of two months. The growth and development of the other 19 newborns were normal. Conclusions. The prevalence of Chagas' disease in puerperal women of the department of Arequipa, Peru, is low. No cases of intrauterine congenital transmission were found. We recommend carrying out studies on prenatal detection that evaluate more mothers and in which women who give birth at home also participate

Objetivos. Determinar la prevalencia de anticuerpos contra Trypanosoma cruzi en puérperas y la posible transmisión congénita de la enfermedad de Chagas en Arequipa, Perú, una zona donde esta enfermedad es endémica. Métodos. Se estudió a las puérperas que dieron a luz entre diciembre de 2001 y julio de cuatro centros de salud (tres rurales y uno urbano) del departamento de Arequipa, Perú. El estudio serológico comprendió el tamizaje de todas las puérperas para detectar anticuerpos contra T. cruzi mediante inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI); la prueba de inmunoadsorción enzimática (ELISA) y la titulación de anticuerpos IgG por IFI se usaron como pruebas confirmatorias. A las puérperas con seropositividad y a sus recién nacidos se les realizó la prueba de detección de anticuerpos IgM mediante IFI y se evaluó la presencia de infección mediante xenodiagnóstico (evaluada a los 30 y 60 días) y el micrométodo de Freilij. Los resultados se analizaron según la presencia del vector y de casos de enfermedad de Chagas en los lugares de nacimiento y de residencia de las puérperas. Dos neonatólogos evaluaron clínicamente a los recién nacidos para detectar anomalías y signos de enfermedad de Chagas congénita. Resultados. La prevalencia general de enfermedad de Chagas en las 3 000 puérperas estudiadas fue de 0,73%; fue mayor en dos centros de salud ubicados en zonas rurales (2,2% en El Pedregal y 4,1% en La Joya) (P = 0,018) y la enfermedad estuvo asociada con el contacto directo previo con el vector (P < 0,05) y con el haber nacido en una zona considerada endémica (P < 0,01). Cuatro de las 20 puérperas con seropositividad (20%) tuvieron resultados positivos en el xenodiagnóstico. Ninguna conocía su estado de portadora de la infección y no se observaron síntomas o signos característicos de la enfermedad de Chagas aguda o crónica. En ninguna puérpera se detectaron anticuerpos IgM y solo un neonato (nacido de una madre sin parasitemia) presentó un título de IgM de 1/8, pero en los controles posteriores no se detectaron anticuerpos IgM o IgG. No se detectaron parásitos en la sangre de los neonatos por ninguno de los dos métodos empleados. De los 20 neonatos evaluados, uno tenía microcefalia y hepatoesplenomegalia y aunque tenía anticuerpos específicos IgG contra T. cruzi al nacer, estos desaparecieron a los dos meses; el crecimiento y el desarrollo de los demás recién nacidos fueron normales. Conclusión. La prevalencia de enfermedad de Chagas en puérperas del departamento de Arequipa, Perú, es baja. No se encontraron casos de transmisión congénita intrauterina. Se recomienda diseñar estudios de detección prenatal que permitan evaluar a un mayor número de madres y en el que participen también las mujeres que dan a luz en sus domicilios

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