RESUMEN
Concentrations of mercury (Hg) were quantified in muscle tissues of the Pacific angel shark, Squatina californica sampled from Southern Gulf of California, Mexico, considering total length, sex, diet and the dietary risk assessment. High Hg levels are typically associated with carnivorous fishes, however S. californica showed low Hg concentrations (<1.0 µg g(-1)) in muscle (0.24 ± 0.27 µg g(-1) wet weight; n = 94). No effect of sex, total length and weight on Hg concentrations were observed in the shark (p > 0.05). Hg concentrations were highest in the darkedge mishipman: Porichthys analis (0.14 ± 0.08 µg g(-1)) and red-eye round herring Etrumeus teres (0.13 ± 0.05 µg g(-1)) relative to other prey species, which could suggest that Hg concentrations in S. californica were influenced by these species. Given the relatively low concentration of Hg across age-classes and sex, consumption of S. californica's muscle tissue poses limited risk to humans.
Asunto(s)
Contenido Digestivo/química , Mercurio/análisis , Músculos/química , Tiburones , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Animales , Dieta/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Peces , Masculino , México , Alimentos MarinosRESUMEN
The first record in Mexican waters of albinism and synophthalmia (partial cyclopia) in the Pacific angel shark, Squatina californica is presented. Albinism is not lethal, but synophthalmia may cause the death of the individual immediately after birth.
Asunto(s)
Albinismo , Holoprosencefalia , Tiburones/anomalías , Animales , Femenino , MéxicoRESUMEN
We determined total mercury (Hg) distribution in muscle and liver of ten ray species and assessed health risk considering Hg levels in muscle and average consumption of rays in Mexico. Rays were collected from five sites in NW Mexico between March and November 2012. Hg concentrations ranged from 4.465 µg g(-1) in muscle of the longtail stingray Dasyatis longa to 0.036 µg g(-1) in liver of the diamond stingray Dasyatis dipterura. Considering all the individuals, Hg in muscle (1.612±1.322 µg g(-1)) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than in liver (0.745±0.616 µg g(-1)). Regarding local health risk assessment, none of the ray species may cause adverse effects on consumers.
Asunto(s)
Monitoreo del Ambiente , Mercurio/metabolismo , Rajidae/metabolismo , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/metabolismo , Animales , Hígado/metabolismo , México , Músculos/metabolismoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine the location of arterial lesions in a population of Ecuadorian Mestizos with cerebral infarcts in the carotid territory caused by large-artery atherosclerosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Such patients were prospectively entered into a protocol of investigation that included cerebral angiography as the gold standard for evaluation of the extra and intracranial vascular bed. RESULTS: Twelve (60%) of the 20 patients included in this study had symptomatic intracranial lesions, and the remaining 8 (40%) had extracranial lesions. Intracranial lesions were most often located in the middle cerebral artery stem. With the exception that systemic markers of arteriosclerosis were present in 3 of 8 patients with extracranial disease and in none of 12 patients with intracranial disease, we found no differences in stroke risk factors among patients with intra or extracranial lesions. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides suggestive evidence that the distribution of arterial lesions in Ecuadorian mestizos with occlusive cerebrovascular disease is different from that in whites, but similar to that in blacks and orientals.
Asunto(s)
Arteriopatías Oclusivas/epidemiología , Arteriopatías Oclusivas/fisiopatología , Arteria Carótida Interna/fisiopatología , Infarto Cerebral/epidemiología , Infarto Cerebral/fisiopatología , Adulto , Anciano , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/efectos adversos , Arteriopatías Oclusivas/complicaciones , Infarto Cerebral/etiología , Colesterol/sangre , Dieta , Ecuador/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Indígenas Sudamericanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Población Blanca/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Racial differences in stroke subtypes have been documented. Asians have a higher rate of cerebral hemorrhage than whites; however, there is little information about stroke subtypes among Hispanics. The purpose of this study was to determine the patterns of stroke subtypes in a population of Hispanics. METHODS: Five hundred consecutive patients with a first stroke were included. Patients were collected from hospital wards, the emergency department, and the outpatient clinic to ensure inclusion of patients with a wide range of stroke severity. Computed tomography was available in all cases. Patients with pure subarachnoid hemorrhage were excluded. RESULTS: There were 313 (62.6%) patients with an infarct and 187 (37.4%) with a hemorrhage. Hypertensive arteriolopathy was the most common cause of both infarcts and hemorrhages. The carotid territory was involved in 70.6% of the 313 patients with infarcts, the vertebrobasilar territory in 17.9%, multiple territories in 6.7%, and a watershed area in 4.8%. Hemorrhages were most often lobar (36.4%), followed by putaminal (30.5%), brain stem (9.1%), cerebellar (8%), thalamic (8%), ventricular (5.3%), and caudate (2.7%). CONCLUSIONS: This hospital-based stroke registry suggests that stroke in Hispanics has a pattern different from that in whites but similar to that in Asians. Cerebral hemorrhages occur three times more frequently in Hispanics than in whites.
Asunto(s)
Hemorragia Cerebral/epidemiología , Infarto Cerebral/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , Hemorragia Cerebral/patología , Infarto Cerebral/patología , Ecuador , Femenino , Hispánicos o Latinos , Hospitales , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Grupos Raciales , Sistema de RegistrosRESUMEN
The hydrolysis of [3H]inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate by a soluble fraction and by isolated transverse tubule and sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes from frog skeletal muscle was studied. Transverse tubule membranes displayed rates of hydrolysis several-fold higher than those of sacroplasmic reticulum and soluble fraction; Km and Vmax were 25.2 microM and 44.1 nmol/mg/min, respectively. Transverse tubule membranes sequentially hydrolyzed inositol trisphosphate to inositol bisphosphate, inositol 1-phosphate and inositol, indicating that these membranes have inositol bis- and monophosphatases in addition to inositol trisphosphatase.