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Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is characterized by the presence of glutamate decarboxylase autoantibodies (GADA). LADA has intermediate features between type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. In addition, genetic risk factors for both types of diabetes are present in LADA. Nonetheless, evidence about the genetics of LADA in non-European populations is scarce. This study aims to perform a genome-wide association study with a phenome-wide association study of LADA in a southeastern Mexican population. We included 59 patients diagnosed with LADA from a previous study and 3121 individuals without diabetes from the MxGDAR/ENCODAT database. We utilized the GENESIS package in R to perform the genome-wide association study (GWAS) of LADA and PLINK for the phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) of LADA features. Nine polymorphisms reach the nominal association level (1 × 10-5) in the GWAS. The PheWAS showed that rs7305229 is genome-wide and associated with serum GADA levels in our sample (p = 1.84 × 10-8). rs7305229 is located downstream of the FAIM2 gene; previous reports associate FAIM2 variants with childhood obesity, body mass index, body adiposity measures, lymphocyte CD8+ activity, and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies. Our findings reveal that rs7305229 affects the GADA levels in patients with LADA from southeastern Mexico. More studies are needed to determine if this risk genotype exists in other populations with LADA.

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Multiple factors associate diabetes with cognitive impairment and depression. Antidiabetic drugs have reported antidepressant and pro-cognitive effects in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Antidepressant and pro-cognitive effects of metformin are reported in various studies; however, these effects are not consistent among researches. We designed a cross-sectional study. We recruited patients with T2D diagnosis from the Diabetes Clinic of the Regional Hospital of High Specialty "Dr. Gustavo A. Rovirosa Pérez" from January 2019 to May 2022. We included 431 subjects with T2D, 374 patients with metformin treatment and 57 subjects without metformin. These patients were on intensive therapies and had not a previous diagnosis of cognitive impairment or depression. We applied Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) to evaluate cognitive impairment, and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) to assess depressive signs. Our sample had a mean age of 53.77 ± 13.43 years. Metformin users were 374 individuals, and 57 subjects didn't use metformin. MMSE found cognitive impairment in 8.3% (n = 31) of metformin users, and 14.8% (n = 8) of patients without metformin. HAM-D scale showed that 39.5% (n = 147) of patients with metformin had depression signs, subjects without metformin and depressive signs were 44.6% (n = 25). We found no differences between groups for cognitive impairment and depression grades. We did not find associations between metformin treatment, cognitive impairment measures and depression sign measures. However, chronic metformin treatment, insulin use, glycemic control and age could influence our results.

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Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) has clinical and metabolic features of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. LADA does not have specific features for its diagnosis apart from autoantibody detection; however, these tests are not affordable in clinical settings. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed clinical criteria, metabolic control, pharmacological treatment, and diabetic complications in two groups of patients with diabetes -LADA and T2D- in order to identify specific characteristic of these clinical entities. Finally, we evaluated if the estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR) and age at diagnosis of diabetes could be used as a diagnostic criterion for LADA. Demographic, biochemical, clinical and treatment were measured in 377 individuals with diabetes. The diagnostics of LADA were determined using Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies levels. Chi-square test or t-Student test were used to establish differences between groups. To identify factors associated with LADA, a logistic regression analysis was used. Finally, a ROC curve was plotted to assess the possible variables as diagnostic criteria for LADA. The 377 patients with diabetes were separated into 59 patients with LADA and 318 patients with T2D. Patients with LADA showed lower fasting glucose values, fewer diabetic complications, younger age at diagnosis of diabetes, higher insulin use, and higher eGDR in comparison to patients with T2D. Both groups had a mean BMI classified as overweight. The ROC evaluated the sensitivity and specificity, this analysis indicated that an age younger than 40.5 years and an eGDR value higher than 9.75 mg/kg/min correlated better with LADA. These parameters could be useful to identify patients suspected to have LADA at the first level of medical care in the population of southeastern Mexico and refer them to a second level of care.

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This study aimed to explore the role of telomere length in three different diabetes types: latent autoimmune diabetes of adulthood (LADA), latent autoimmune diabetes in the young (LADY), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A total of 115 patients were included, 72 (62.61%) had LADA, 30 (26.09%) had T2DM, and 13 (11.30%) had LADY. Telomere length was measured using real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction. For statistical analysis, we used the ANOVA test, X2 test, and the Mann-Whitney U test. Patients with T2DM had higher BMI compared to LADA and LADY groups, with a BMI average of 31.32 kg/m2 (p = 0.0235). While the LADA group had more patients with comorbidities, there was not a statistically significant difference (p = 0.3164, p = 0.3315, p = 0.3742 for each of the previously mentioned conditions). There was a difference between those patients with T2DM who took metformin plus any other oral antidiabetic agent and those who took metformin plus insulin, the ones who had longer telomeres. LADA patients had shorter telomeres compared to T2DM patients but not LADY patients. Furthermore, T2DM may have longer telomeres thanks to the protective effects of both metformin and insulin, despite the higher BMI in this group.

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AIMS: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a growing chronic disease. Evidence of whether the healthcare setting affects management and glycemic control is scarce. We evaluate outcomes in patients with T1D in private and public healthcare settings in Mexico, registered in the National T1D Registry in Mexico (RENACED-DT1). METHODS: Biochemical parameters, diabetes education, and treatment were analyzed considering the data registered in the last visit. Development of chronic complications was determined during follow-up. RESULTS: We included 1,603 patients; 71.5% (n = 1,146) registered in the public system, and 28.5% (n = 457) in a private institution. Patients in the public setting had higher HbA1c (8.6%, IQR: 7.3%-10.5% vs 7.7%, IQR: 7.0%-8.8%; p < 0.001). Indicators of diabetes education, glucose monitoring, and use of insulin-pumps were lower in the public setting. Patients in the public setting were at higher risk of diabetic chronic kidney disease, retinopathy, and neuropathy. Diabetes knowledge was a mediator between type of healthcare setting and the likelihood of achieving glycemic control. CONCLUSIONS: Patients registered in public healthcare settings have an adverse metabolic profile and higher risk of complications. Social factors need to be addressed in order to implement multidisciplinary measures focused on diabetes education for patients with T1D in Mexico.

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Objetivo: Evaluar la utilidad de dos concentraciones de mitomicina C para la prevención del haze en la queratectomía fotorrefractiva. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio experimental aleatorizado en 26 ojos de 17 pacientes con defectos miópicos. Los pacientes fueron asignados a dos grupos según las dosis de mitomicina C (0,02 por ciento grupo 1 y 0,002 por ciento grupo 2). La variable de respuesta principal fue la presencia de haze. Se buscó correlación entre la magnitud del haze con grado de ametropía tratada, profundidad de ablación, microscopia endotelial y resultados visuales y refractivos. Resultados: A los 6 meses la mayoría de los pacientes del grupo 1 no presentó haze (ocho ojos / 57 por ciento), y del grupo 2 mantuvieron haze 0,5 (6 ojos / 50 por ciento). En la ametropía severa el haze en el grupo 2 fue mayor que en el grupo 1 durante todo el posoperatorio, y se observó la mayor diferencia al sexto mes con 0,5 ± 0,4 vs. 1,5 ± 0,32. En ablaciones > 75 micras el grupo dos terminó con más haze que el uno, con 0,5 ± 0,44 vs. 1,75 ± 0,76. La agudeza visual sin corrección se vio más afectada en el grupo 2. No hubo daño endotelial en ningún grupo. Conclusión: La presencia de haze predomina en los casos tratados con dosis 0,002 por ciento de mitomicina C, comparada con la dosis 0,02 por ciento, aunque en este caso ambos grupos mantuvieron un resultado visual y refractivo adecuado y baja toxicidad endotelial.

Objective: Evaluate the usefulness of two concentrations of mitomycin C for haze prevention in photorefractive keratectomy. Methods: An experimental randomized study was conducted of 26 eyes of 17 patients with myopic defects. The patients were divided into two groups according to their mitomycin C doses (Group 1: 0.02 percent and Group 2: 0.002 percent). The main response variable was the presence of haze. Verification was performed of the correlation between haze magnitude and the degree of the ametropia treated, ablation depth, endothelial microscopy, and visual and refractive results. Results: At six months most patients in Group 1 did not have any haze (eight eyes / 57 percent), whereas 0.5 (6 eyes / 50 percent) in Group 2 still had haze. In severe ametropia, haze was larger in Group 2 than in Group 1 throughout the postoperative period, the greatest difference being observed in the sixth month with 0.5 ± 0.4 vs 1.5 ± 0.32. In ablations > 75 microns, Group 2 ended with more haze than Group 1, with 0.5 ± 0.44 vs 1.75 ± 0.76. Uncorrected visual acuity was more affected in Group 2. No endothelial damage occurred in either group. Conclusion: The presence of haze prevails in cases treated with 0.002 percent doses of mitomycin C, as compared with 0.02 percent doses, though in this case both groups maintained an appropriate visual and refractive result and low endothelial toxicity(AU)

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BACKGROUND: Depression in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is often undiagnosed and remains untreated, leading to poor therapy adherence and ill health-related outcomes. We evaluated the effect of vortioxetine versus sertraline in the treatment of depression, distress and metabolic control in subjects with T2D and depression. METHODS: Participants were selected from the Clinic for Diabetes, diagnosed with depression when the score was ≥14 in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, and verified by a psychiatrist in agreement with the DSM-5 instrument (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition). The criteria for recruitment also included glycosylated hemoglobin ≥7.5%, 18 to 60 years of age, and written informed consent. Pharmacological treatment for depression was assigned randomly: vortioxetine (10 mg/day) or sertraline (75 mg/day) for 8 weeks. Biochemical parameters, anthropometric measures and depression symptoms were evaluated after antidepressant treatment. This was a randomized singled-blind study. RESULTS: Subjects that met the inclusion criteria were 50, of which only 21 patients with T2D and depression finished the treatment. Vortioxetine and sertraline showed partial remission of depression. Vortioxetine showed a major effect size in glycosylated hemoglobin and a moderate effect size on weight loss, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), cholesterol and triacylglycerol levels. On the other hand, patients treated with sertraline presented a slight increase in body weight, body mass index (BMI), and in all biochemical markers. CONCLUSIONS: Vortioxetine may ameliorate depressive symptoms and metabolic control in patients with T2D and depression. Trial registration number: NCT03978286.

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BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that requires attention and commitment on the part of patients; improving the quality of life of these patients reduces health costs, morbidity, and mortality. We focused on investigating the factors related with the quality of life and depression symptomatology in patients with type 2 diabetes. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: A total of 173 Mexican patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited. An interview face-to-face, a sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire, the Short Form 36 (SF-36), and the Clinical Epidemiological Studies of Depression were applied. The biochemical parameters measured were blood glucose, cholesterol, triacylglycerol levels, and glycated hemoglobin. RESULTS: In all SF-36 subscales, female patients had lower scores in comparison with male patients; individuals ≥65 years of age showed less physical function. We observed that married patients presented a better quality of life than people who were widowed or divorced (P<0.05). Those with high rates of lipids showed decreased scores all the subscales of SF-36. Finally, we observed that depression was the major factor that decreased quality of life in patients with diabetes. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that untreated and unrecognized depression can decrease the quality of life in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Therefore, health care professionals need to consider these findings when treating patients with diabetes. Due to the limited number of patients included in the present study, more studies are needed, studying larger samples in order to provide conclusive results.

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El presente trabajo corresponde a la tesis para optar el título de licenciada en enfermería. El mismo tuvo el objetico general de describir la percepción del personal de enfermería al cambiar de un sistema de registro convencional a un registro informatizado en una institución privada de salid en el último trimestre del año 2013 y al primer trimestre del año 2014 en la ciudad de Córdoba. El método utilizado fue descriptivo transversal y prospectivo. El personal de enfermería, aun el de más antigüedad, manifiesta sentirse cómodo utilizando esta herramienta. El cambio generado desde su implementación ha agilizado el proceso de atención, la enfermera puede estar más tiempo con el paciente, la información no se extravía y está al alcance de todo el equipo de salud en el momento deseado.

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Objetivo: evaluar la frecuencia, los factores pronósticos y el impacto del síndrome de iris laxo intraoperatorio en operaciones de catarata. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de cohorte prospectivo y longitudinal, donde se evaluaron 139 operaciones de catarata realizadas por un solo cirujano, de los cuales 49 ojos (35,3 por ciento) presentaron síndrome de iris laxo intraoperatorio. Se realizó un análisis univariado y multivariado con variables demográficas, antecedentes patológicos personales, uso de medicamentos, características anatómicas del iris, parámetros biométricos y complicaciones intra y posoperatorias. Resultados: en el análisis univariado las variables significativas pronósticas para la aparición de síndrome de iris laxo intraoperatorio fueron: el consumo de psicofármacos (p= 0,001), la cámara anterior estrecha (p= 0,001) y la dilatación pupilar preoperatoria regular o mala (p= 0,001). En el análisis multivariado la cámara estrecha fue, de todas las variables independientes, la que mayor influencia tuvo en la aparición de síndrome de iris laxo intraoperatoriocon una alta significación (p= 0,001). El síndrome de iris laxo intraoperatorio aumentó el riesgo de complicaciones intra y posoperatorias. Conclusiones: con una correcta anamnesis y un examen oftalmológico podemos predecir la ocurrencia de síndrome de iris laxo intraoperatorio durante la cirugía de catarata. El consumo de psicofármacos, la cámara anterior estrecha y la dilatación pupilar preoperatoria regular o mala se pueden considerar factores pronósticos de síndrome de iris laxo intraoperatoriodesde el preoperatorio(AU)

Objective: to evaluate the frequency, the prognostic factors and the impact of the intraoperative floppy iris syndrome in cataract surgery. Method: a prospective and longitudinal cohort study of 139 cataract surgeries performed by the same surgeon, of which 49 eyes (35,3 percent) presented with intraoperative floppy iris syndrome. An univariate/multivariate analysis was made taking on account demographic, personal history of pathologies, use of medications, anatomical characteristics of the iris, biometric parameters and complications during and after the surgery. Results: in the univariate analysis, the significant prognostic variables for the intraoperative floppy iris syndrome were consumption of antipsychotics (p= 0,001), narrow anterior chamber (p= 0,001) and regular or bad dilated pupil (p= 0,001) before surgery. In the multivariate analysis, the narrow anterior chamber was, among all the independent variables, the most influential for the onset of the intraoperative floppy iris syndrome, with a highly significant association (p= 0,001). The intraoperative floppy iris syndrome increased the intra and postoperative risk for complications.Conclusions: correct interrogation and an eye exam can predict the occurrence of intraoperative floppy iris syndrome during the cataract surgery. The use of antipsychotics, the narrow anterior chamber and regular or bad pupil dilation before the surgery can be considered as prognostic factors for the intraoperative floppy iris syndrome(AU)

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Objetivo: evaluar la frecuencia, los factores pronósticos y el impacto del síndrome de iris laxo intraoperatorio en operaciones de catarata. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de cohorte prospectivo y longitudinal, donde se evaluaron 139 operaciones de catarata realizadas por un solo cirujano, de los cuales 49 ojos (35,3 por ciento) presentaron síndrome de iris laxo intraoperatorio. Se realizó un análisis univariado y multivariado con variables demográficas, antecedentes patológicos personales, uso de medicamentos, características anatómicas del iris, parámetros biométricos y complicaciones intra y posoperatorias. Resultados: en el análisis univariado las variables significativas pronósticas para la aparición de síndrome de iris laxo intraoperatorio fueron: el consumo de psicofármacos (p= 0,001), la cámara anterior estrecha (p= 0,001) y la dilatación pupilar preoperatoria regular o mala (p= 0,001). En el análisis multivariado la cámara estrecha fue, de todas las variables independientes, la que mayor influencia tuvo en la aparición de síndrome de iris laxo intraoperatoriocon una alta significación (p= 0,001). El síndrome de iris laxo intraoperatorio aumentó el riesgo de complicaciones intra y posoperatorias. Conclusiones: con una correcta anamnesis y un examen oftalmológico podemos predecir la ocurrencia de síndrome de iris laxo intraoperatorio durante la cirugía de catarata. El consumo de psicofármacos, la cámara anterior estrecha y la dilatación pupilar preoperatoria regular o mala se pueden considerar factores pronósticos de síndrome de iris laxo intraoperatoriodesde el preoperatorio(AU)

Objective: to evaluate the frequency, the prognostic factors and the impact of the intraoperative floppy iris syndrome in cataract surgery. Method: a prospective and longitudinal cohort study of 139 cataract surgeries performed by the same surgeon, of which 49 eyes (35,3 pércent) presented with intraoperative floppy iris syndrome. An univariate/multivariate analysis was made taking on account demographic, personal history of pathologies, use of medications, anatomical characteristics of the iris, biometric parameters and complications during and after the surgery. Results: in the univariate analysis, the significant prognostic variables for the intraoperative floppy iris syndrome were consumption of antipsychotics (p= 0,001), narrow anterior chamber (p= 0,001) and regular or bad dilated pupil (p= 0,001) before surgery. In the multivariate analysis, the narrow anterior chamber was, among all the independent variables, the most influential for the onset of the intraoperative floppy iris syndrome, with a highly significant association (p= 0,001). The intraoperative floppy iris syndrome increased the intra and postoperative risk for complications. Conclusions: correct interrogation and an eye exam can predict the occurrence of intraoperative floppy iris syndrome during the cataract surgery. The use of antipsychotics, the narrow anterior chamber and regular or bad pupil dilation before the surgery can be considered as prognostic factors for the intraoperative floppy iris syndrome(AU)

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El presente trabajo es una PAE utilizando la Nanda y los patrones funcionales de Gordon, en un adulto joven con diagnostico de tumor cerebral, con convulsiones, internado en la Uti, al cual las enfermeras que lo asistieron le proporcionaron un variado plan de cuidados relacionados con asistencia referida a neurointensivismo.

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Fundamento: Actualmente el LASIK es una de las técnicas quirúrgicas más usadas para el tratamiento de los trastornos refractivos, entre ellos los hipermetrópicos. Objetivo: evaluar los resultados de la queratomileusis in situ asistida por láser en el tratamiento de los defectos hipermetrópicos. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo ambiespectivo, en 31 ojos (16 pacientes) operados de hipermetropía y astigmatismo hipermetrópico simple y compuesto, en la Unidad de Cirugía Refractiva del Servicio de Oftalmología del Hospital Hermanos Ameijeiras en el periodo de enero-2009 a diciembre-2010. Se analizaron las variables: agudeza visual alcanzada sin y con corrección óptica, componente esférico y astigmático antes y después de la cirugía y complicaciones intra y posoperatorias. Resultados: se encontró un predominio de pacientes de 40 a 49 años; el defecto más frecuente fue el astigmatismo hipermetrópico compuesto; la media de la agudeza visual sin corrección mejoró y se mantuvo estable hasta seis meses después de la cirugía; con corrección, los valores medios fueron de 0,87 en el grado de defecto moderado y 0,79 en el alto. La media del componente esfero-cilíndrico disminuyó. Los índices de eficacia y seguridad fueron aceptables para los grados moderado y alto y la predictibilidad fue de un 100 % en todos los grados de ametropía. Conclusión: LASIK es una técnica segura, eficaz y predecible, para tratar pacientes con hipermetropía y astigmatismo hipermetrópico, fundamentalmente de grados moderado y alto.

Background: currently, LASIK is one of the most common surgical procedures for refractive disorders, including hyperopic defects. Objective: to assess the results of laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis for the treatment of hyperopic defects. Methods: an ambispective study was conducted in 31 eyes (16 patients) operated on for hyperopia and simple and compound hyperopic astigmatism in the Refractive Surgery Unit of the Ophthalmology Department of the Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital between January 2009 and December 2010. Visual acuity with and without optical correction, spherical and astigmatic component before and after surgery and intra- and postoperative complications were analyzed. Results: patients aged 40 to 49 years predominated; compound hyperopic astigmatism was the most frequent defect; the mean uncorrected visual acuity improved and remained stable up to six months after surgery; the average values were 0.87 for moderate defects and 0.79 for high defects with optical correction. The mean sphero-cylindrical component decreased. The efficacy and safety rates were acceptable for moderate and high degrees of the defects and predictability was 100 % for all degrees of ametropia. Conclusion: LASIK is a safe, effective and predictable procedure to treat patients with moderate and high degrees hyperopia and hyperopic astigmatism.

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Objetivos: Evaluar los resultados de la facoemulsificación y el implante de lente intraocular en cataratas causadas por uveítis. Métodos: Se estudiaron 37 ojos con 6 meses de inactividad inflamatoria, agudeza visual menor de 0,6 y edad media de 47 años. Se excluyeron otras enfermedades que disminuyeran la visión. En el preoperatorio se prescribió antiinflamatorios. Se realizó la facoemulsificación con implante de lente intarocular (PMMA, óptica 6 mm); durante el seguimiento desde 24 h/6 meses se indicó antiinflamatorios esteroideos, no esteroideos e inmunosupresores hasta 6 semanas. Resultados: Se observaron numerosas alteraciones del segmento anterior secundarias a las uveítis padecidas (posquirúrgicas, inespecíficas, ciclítis heterocrómica de Fuchs, postraumáticas, síndrome de Reiter, por toxoplasmosis y otras coroiditis infecciosas y por artritis reumatoide juvenil). No hubo recurrencia posquirúrgica de la uveítis en 9 ojos (24,3 por ciento). Las complicaciones estuvieron relacionadas con la uveítis, la cirugía, la actividad inflamatoria, y la reacción del epitelio capsular. La opacidad capsular posterior apareció en 11 pacientes (29,7 por ciento) asociada a edad joven. La evolución individual se consideró satisfactoria en 30 (81,1 por ciento) pacientes con mejoría de la visión hasta 0,8-1,0 en 28 (75,6 por ciento) y 0,5-0,6 en 2 (5,4 por ciento). Conclusiones: La facoemulsificación con implante de lente intarocular es de gran utilidad en las cataratas posuveítis al condicionar poca agresión quirúrgica, ser controlable la inflamación y proporcionar buenos resultados visuales además del reordenamiento anatomofisiológico del segmento anterior(AU)

Objective: To assess the results of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in cataracts caused by uveitis. Methods: Thirty seven eyes with no inflammation for 6 months, visual acuity below 0.6 and average age of 47 years were studied. Other diseases affecting the vision were excluded. The preoperative treatment indicated anti-inflammatory drugs. Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation was performed (PMMA, optic 6 mm); during the follow-up period of 24 hours to 6 months, steroidal anti-inflammatory, non-steroids and immunosuppressive drugs were prescribed to patients for 6 weeks. Results: A number of alterations were observed in the anterior segment secondary to uveitis (postsurgical, unspecific, Fuch´s heterochromic cyclitis, postraumatic, Reiter´s syndrome, caused by toxoplasmosis and other infectious choroiditis and by juvenile rheumatoid arthritis). No postsurgical recurrence of uveitis was found in 9 eyes (24.3 percent). The complications were related to uveitis, surgery, inflammatory activity and capsular epithelium reaction. Posterior capsular opacity occurred in 11 patients (29.7 percent) associated to younger age. Individual recovery was satisfactory in 30 (81.1 percent) patients who improved their vision, that is, 0.8-1.0 in 28 and 0.5-0.6 in 2 (5.4 percent) patients. Conclusions: Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation is very useful to treat cataract after uveitis since surgical reaction is low, inflammation is under control and good results are achieved in addition to anatomophysiological rearrangement of the anterior segment(AU)

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Objetivos: Evaluar los resultados de la facoemulsificación y el implante de lente intraocular en cataratas causadas por uveítis. Métodos: Se estudiaron 37 ojos con 6 meses de inactividad inflamatoria, agudeza visual menor de 0,6 y edad media de 47 años. Se excluyeron otras enfermedades que disminuyeran la visión. En el preoperatorio se prescribió antiinflamatorios. Se realizó la facoemulsificación con implante de lente intarocular (PMMA, óptica 6 mm); durante el seguimiento desde 24 h/6 meses se indicó antiinflamatorios esteroideos, no esteroideos e inmunosupresores hasta 6 semanas. Resultados: Se observaron numerosas alteraciones del segmento anterior secundarias a las uveítis padecidas (posquirúrgicas, inespecíficas, ciclítis heterocrómica de Fuchs, postraumáticas, síndrome de Reiter, por toxoplasmosis y otras coroiditis infecciosas y por artritis reumatoide juvenil). No hubo recurrencia posquirúrgica de la uveítis en 9 ojos (24,3 por ciento). Las complicaciones estuvieron relacionadas con la uveítis, la cirugía, la actividad inflamatoria, y la reacción del epitelio capsular. La opacidad capsular posterior apareció en 11 pacientes (29,7 por ciento) asociada a edad joven. La evolución individual se consideró satisfactoria en 30 (81,1 por ciento) pacientes con mejoría de la visión hasta 0,8-1,0 en 28 (75,6 por ciento) y 0,5-0,6 en 2 (5,4 por ciento). Conclusiones: La facoemulsificación con implante de lente intarocular es de gran utilidad en las cataratas posuveítis al condicionar poca agresión quirúrgica, ser controlable la inflamación y proporcionar buenos resultados visuales además del reordenamiento anatomofisiológico del segmento anterior.

Objective: To assess the results of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in cataracts caused by uveitis. Methods: Thirty seven eyes with no inflammation for 6 months, visual acuity below 0.6 and average age of 47 years were studied. Other diseases affecting the vision were excluded. The preoperative treatment indicated anti-inflammatory drugs. Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation was performed (PMMA, optic 6 mm); during the follow-up period of 24 hours to 6 months, steroidal anti-inflammatory, non-steroids and immunosuppressive drugs were prescribed to patients for 6 weeks. Results: A number of alterations were observed in the anterior segment secondary to uveitis (postsurgical, unspecific, Fuch´s heterochromic cyclitis, postraumatic, Reiter´s syndrome, caused by toxoplasmosis and other infectious choroiditis and by juvenile rheumatoid arthritis). No postsurgical recurrence of uveitis was found in 9 eyes (24.3 percent). The complications were related to uveitis, surgery, inflammatory activity and capsular epithelium reaction. Posterior capsular opacity occurred in 11 patients (29.7 percent) associated to younger age. Individual recovery was satisfactory in 30 (81.1 percent) patients who improved their vision, that is, 0.8-1.0 in 28 and 0.5-0.6 in 2 (5.4 percent) patients. Conclusions: Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation is very useful to treat cataract after uveitis since surgical reaction is low, inflammation is under control and good results are achieved in addition to anatomophysiological rearrangement of the anterior segment.

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Con este trabajo se evaluó la evolución del glaucoma primario de ángulo estrecho (GPAE) en sus distintos estadios evolutivos después de realizada una iridotomía periférica profiláctica o terapéutica con Nd: YAG láser. Se seleccionaron 50 pacientes con GPAE, de ellos se estudiaron 94 ojos. Se realizó iridotomía profiláctica en 38 ojos y terapéutica en 56. Entre las iridotomías, 72,4 porciento tenía entre 2 y 7 años de evolución al momento de la evaluación. La presión intraocular disminuyó después de la iridotomía: La relación excavación/ papila se mantuvo igual, la mayoría no tuvo modificaciones en la agudeza visual, el campo visual se mantuvo igual en 59,6 porciento, el ángulo de la cámara anterior preiridotomía era estrecho o muy estrecho en 92,6 porciento de los ojos y postiridotomía 70,4 porciento presentaba ángulo abierto. Se controlaron solo con la iridotomía 44 ojos (46,8 porciento), 19 (20,2 porciento) requirieron tratamiento médico adicional y 31 (33 porciento), tratamiento quirúrgico o medico-quirúrgico para el control del glaucoma. La complicación más frecuente fue el sangrado ligero del iris con 71,2 porciento(AU)

This paper made an evaluation of primary narrow-angle glaucoma at its different evolutionary stages after either prophylactic or therapeutic peripheral Nd YAG laser iridotomy. Fifty patients presenting with primary narrow angle glaucoma were selected, of whom 94 eyes were really studied. Prophylactic iridotomy was performed in 38 eyes and therapeutical iridotomy in the other 56. Of the total amount of iridotomies, 92,4percent showed 2 to 7 years of evolution at the time of evaluation. Intraocular pressure diminished after iridotomy. Excavation /papilla ratio kept the same, most of the patients had no change in their visual acuity, the visual field remained unchanged in 59,6percent of cases. The anterior chamber angle was narrow or very narrow in 92,6percent of eyes but after iridotomy 70,4percent showed open angle. Primary glaucoma was under control only with iridotomy in 44 eyes (46,8percent), 19 eyes (20,2percent) required additional medical treatment and 31(33percent)underwent surgical and medico-surgical treatment for glaucoma control. The most frequent complication was minor bleeding of iris in 71,2percent of treated eyes(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Con este trabajo se evaluó la evolución del glaucoma primario de ángulo estrecho (GPAE) en sus distintos estadios evolutivos después de realizada una iridotomía periférica profiláctica o terapéutica con Nd: YAG láser. Se seleccionaron 50 pacientes con GPAE, de ellos se estudiaron 94 ojos. Se realizó iridotomía profiláctica en 38 ojos y terapéutica en 56. Entre las iridotomías, 72,4 porciento tenía entre 2 y 7 años de evolución al momento de la evaluación. La presión intraocular disminuyó después de la iridotomía: La relación excavación/ papila se mantuvo igual, la mayoría no tuvo modificaciones en la agudeza visual, el campo visual se mantuvo igual en 59,6 porciento, el ángulo de la cámara anterior preiridotomía era estrecho o muy estrecho en 92,6 porciento de los ojos y postiridotomía 70,4 porciento presentaba ángulo abierto. Se controlaron solo con la iridotomía 44 ojos (46,8 porciento), 19 (20,2 porciento) requirieron tratamiento médico adicional y 31 (33 porciento), tratamiento quirúrgico o medico-quirúrgico para el control del glaucoma. La complicación más frecuente fue el sangrado ligero del iris con 71,2 porciento.

This paper made an evaluation of primary narrow-angle glaucoma at its different evolutionary stages after either prophylactic or therapeutic peripheral Nd YAG laser iridotomy. Fifty patients presenting with primary narrow angle glaucoma were selected, of whom 94 eyes were really studied. Prophylactic iridotomy was performed in 38 eyes and therapeutical iridotomy in the other 56. Of the total amount of iridotomies, 92,4percent showed 2 to 7 years of evolution at the time of evaluation. Intraocular pressure diminished after iridotomy. Excavation /papilla ratio kept the same, most of the patients had no change in their visual acuity, the visual field remained unchanged in 59,6percent of cases. The anterior chamber angle was narrow or very narrow in 92,6percent of eyes but after iridotomy 70,4percent showed open angle. Primary glaucoma was under control only with iridotomy in 44 eyes (46,8percent), 19 eyes (20,2percent) required additional medical treatment and 31(33percent)underwent surgical and medico-surgical treatment for glaucoma control. The most frequent complication was minor bleeding of iris in 71,2percent of treated eyes.

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RESUMEN

El Demodex folliculorum, ácaro del folículo piloso, es un parásito frecuente y extendido, que ocasiona blefaritis eccematosa crónica, con diagnóstico clínico infrecuente. Se estudiaron durante un período de seis meses los pacientes que acudieron a consulta con diagnóstico de blefaritis crónica resistente a tratamientos habituales. Por la sintomatología clínica y los hallazgos en el examen con lámpara de hendidura, como: costras, estructuras similares a “bocamangas” o puños de camisa y el espolón en la raíz de las pestañas, se planteó el diagnóstico presuntivo de blefaritis acárica. Se realizó depilación de varias pestañas, corroborando la existencia del parásito vivo en 20 pacientes mediante el examen microscópico directo inmediato (100X). Todos fueron tratados con medidas de higiene palpebral y óxido amarillo de mercurio, se logró mejoría en 17 pacientes. Se destaca la importancia de pensar en el Demodex folliculorum ante todo paciente que se consulte por blefaritis crónica resistente a tratamientos convencionales, por la facilidad de su diagnóstico y buenos resultados terapéuticos(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

El Demodex folliculorum, ácaro del folículo piloso, es un parásito frecuente y extendido, que ocasiona blefaritis eccematosa crónica, con diagnóstico clínico infrecuente. Se estudiaron durante un período de seis meses los pacientes que acudieron a consulta con diagnóstico de blefaritis crónica resistente a tratamientos habituales. Por la sintomatología clínica y los hallazgos en el examen con lámpara de hendidura, como: costras, estructuras similares a “bocamangas” o puños de camisa y el espolón en la raíz de las pestañas, se planteó el diagnóstico presuntivo de blefaritis acárica. Se realizó depilación de varias pestañas, corroborando la existencia del parásito vivo en 20 pacientes mediante el examen microscópico directo inmediato (100X). Todos fueron tratados con medidas de higiene palpebral y óxido amarillo de mercurio, se logró mejoría en 17 pacientes. Se destaca la importancia de pensar en el Demodex folliculorum ante todo paciente que se consulte por blefaritis crónica resistente a tratamientos convencionales, por la facilidad de su diagnóstico y buenos resultados terapéuticos

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RESUMEN

Se intervinieron 8 pacientes con glaucoma de mal pronóstico quirúrgico a los que se les implantaron una válvula de Ahmed con la técnica quirúrgica convencional. Se logró controlar la presión intraocular (PIO). Las complicaciones fueron: hipotonía (75 por ciento), desprendimiento coroideo (37,5 por ciento), hifema (25,0 por ciento), contacto tubo iridiano (25, 0 por ciento), hipotalamia (12,5 por ciento) y congestión en el área del implante (12,5 por ciento). No hubo complicaciones intraoperatorias. Se obtuvieron resultados satisfactorios a mediano plazo(AU)

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