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A rise of iatrogenic injuries of late disturbing. It comprises the whole spectrum of negative psychological and physical impacts of the physician on the patient. The source of iatrogenia is violation of moral norms, insufficient professionalism, negligence and indifference. Organizational of independent medico-legal association is considered necessary which on the base of strict and efficient regulations will control correctness of the treatment, determine the extent of iatrogenic injuries and responsibility for each of them as well as ensure normal conditions for work of surgeons and their legal defence from an negative actions.

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Effect of the complex of antiradical enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase in proportion 1:3) was studied on the experimental mode of acute pancreatitis. After thrice repeated administration of a complex of enzymes, antioxidant capacity of the blood serum normalized, activity of the enzymes of antioxidant protection of an organism and that of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase increased, concentration of extra-erythrocytic hemoglobin decreased, contributing to normalization of morphologic structure of the pancreas in 52% of the animals with hemorrhagic and in 70%--with oedematous form pancreatitis. The results obtained are indicative of possible correction of the changes in inflammatory process in the pancreas.

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An examination of 100 patients with ulcer disease of the stomach duodenum and 20 practically healthy people has shown that the level of extracellular antioxidant enzyme defense (ceruloplasmin) is higher than those in practically healthy people. This dependence was most pronounced in the group of patients requiring surgical interventions. In the process of treatment the level of ceruloplasmin activity gradually decreased, without reaching normal values. The level of ceruloplasmin activity in patients with ulcer disease of the stomach and duodenum are thought to characterize the state of compensatory reactions in these patients.

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Functional activity of the mediation cholinergic system (MChS) was studied in experiment in animals as well as in patients after appendectomy, gastric resection for ulcer disease of the stomach and duodenum, cholecystectomy. Clear changes of biochemical characteristics were established in the system of neurohumoral regulation during the first day of the development of functional intestinal obstruction. In later terms of development of the disease the progressing disturbance of balance in the MChS was responsible for the decompensated state of the organism and suppression of the motor function of the intestine. Drugs such as Desoxypeganin hydrochloride and Primperan must be included in curative measures.

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The amino acid composition of red blood cell membrane proteins had been studied in different stages of acute intestinal obstruction. Hydrophobic amino acids were revealed to increase and glutamate was found to decrease during the early period of acute intestinal obstruction. Later neutral amino acids and some of the main amino acids were stated to decrease. Shifts in the ratio of protein fractions seen in red blood cell membrane of rats with acute intestinal obstruction could be explained by changes followed in the amino acid composition. The data accumulated had demonstrated that such a significant modification of protein component of the red blood cell membrane could be one of the reasons of the erythrocyte membrane penetrability violation and could play the pathogenetic role in the occurrence of irreversibility changes in cases of the intestinal obstruction. All that was mentioned above had shown the necessity to use membrane protectors and antienzyme drugs in the postoperative period.

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On the basis of a considerable material the authors make an evaluation of complex diagnostics of hydatid Echinococcosis of various localizations with the help of Casoni reactions, latex agglutination, double gel diffusion and indirect hemagglutination. The Casoni reaction is considered to be most reliable and simple among specific methods of diagnostics of Echinococcosis. It gave good results in mass prophylactic examinations of the population. The immunological methods of diagnostics of hydatid Echinococcosis are most reliable, the reaction of indirect hemagglutination having the greatest resolving power.

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On the basis of personal investigations and literature data the authors make a conclusion of the common nature of pathogenesis of acute ileus and various kinds of shock reactions. This common nature is determined by the character of trigger mechanisms of pathological reactions and formation of defense reactions of the patient.

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Data of the leukocyte reaction and amount of circulating immune complexes (CIC) in blood serum of patients with acute appendicitis were studied. The determination of CIC is shown to be more informative concerning inflammatory changes in the vermiform process. The method of determination of CIC in blood serum is simple, not time-taking and may be used in urgent surgery as an additional method of diagnosis of acute appendicitis.

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