RESUMEN
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Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Endocrinología/educación , Endocrinología/historia , Endocrinología , Programas y Políticas de Nutrición y Alimentación , Endocrinología/métodos , Endocrinología/organización & administración , Endocrinología/normas , Fenómenos Fisiológicos de la Nutrición , Trastornos Nutricionales/complicaciones , Trastornos Nutricionales/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Discordances exist in epidemiological studies regarding the association between the intake of nutrients and death and disease. We evaluated the social and health profile of persons who consumed olive oil in a prospective population cohort investigation (Pizarra study) with a 6-year follow-up. A food frequency questionnaire and a 7 d quantitative questionnaire were administered to 538 persons. The type of oil used in food preparation was determined by direct measurement of the fatty acids in samples obtained from the kitchens of the participants at baseline and after follow-up for 6 years. The fatty acid composition of the serum phospholipids was used as an endogenous marker of the type of oil consumed. Total fat intake accounted for a mean 40 % of the energy (at baseline and after follow-up). The concordance in intake of MUFA over the study period was high. The fatty acid composition of the serum phospholipids was significantly associated with the type of oil consumed and with fish intake. The concentration of polar compounds and polymers, indicative of degradation, was greater in oils from the kitchens where sunflower oil or refined olive oil was used, in oils used for deep frying and in oils that had been reused for frying five times or more. Consumption of olive oil was directly associated with educational level. Part of the discordance found in epidemiological studies between diet and health may be due to the handling of oils during food preparation. The intake of olive oil is associated with other healthy habits.
Asunto(s)
Índice de Masa Corporal , Grasas de la Dieta , Ingestión de Energía , Estado de Salud , Estilo de Vida , Aceites de Plantas , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Grasas Insaturadas en la Dieta , Conducta Alimentaria , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Islas del Mediterráneo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Aceite de Oliva , Fosfolípidos/sangre , Estudios Prospectivos , España , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The family kitchen resembles an uncontrolled laboratory experiment, and some discrepancies in the relation between the risk of hypertension and dietary fat may be partly due to the manipulation to which the fats were subjected. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether deterioration in the quality of the cooking oils in the family household contributes to the risk of high blood pressure. DESIGN: The study was cross-sectional. Anthropometric measurements were obtained for 1226 persons aged 18-65 y who were selected randomly from the municipal census of Pizarra, Spain. An oral-glucose-tolerance test was given to 1020 of these persons. Samples of the cooking oil being used were taken from the kitchens of a random subset of 538 persons. The concentrations of polar compounds and polymers were used as markers of the deterioration of the oils. The strength of association between variables was measured by calculating the odds ratio from logistic models. RESULTS: Hypertension was strongly associated with obesity and was influenced by sex, diabetes, and age. The presence of excess polar compounds in the cooking oil and the use of sunflower oil were related to the risk of hypertension, whereas the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids in the serum phospholipids was negatively related to this risk. These associations remained after inclusion in the models of age, sex, obesity, and the presence of carbohydrate metabolism disorder. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of hypertension is positively and independently associated with the intake of cooking oil polar compounds and inversely related to blood concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids.
Asunto(s)
Culinaria , Grasas de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Grasos Monoinsaturados/sangre , Hipertensión/sangre , Hipertensión/etiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Culinaria/métodos , Estudios Transversales , Diabetes Mellitus/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus/fisiopatología , Grasas de la Dieta/análisis , Grasas de la Dieta/normas , Grasas Insaturadas en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Grasas Insaturadas en la Dieta/análisis , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/sangre , Obesidad/fisiopatología , Oportunidad Relativa , Factores Sexuales , España/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to evaluate in a cross-section, populational study the association between daily physical activity and various metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk factors. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A total of 1226 randomly selected persons (aged 18-65 years) from a town in southeast Spain were evaluated for studying the association between the level of daily physical activity, both in and out of working hours, and the following variables: body mass index, plasma lipids, hypertension, obesity, altered baseline glycemia, and abnormal glucose tolerance. RESULTS: The intensity of the physical activity at work was related negatively with insulin resistance and levels of LDL cholesterol, and positively with HDL cholesterol. The probability of hypertension, altered baseline glycemia, and abnormal glucose tolerance was greater in those undertaking less daily physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Daily physical activity, considered as part of the lifestyle, is related with the presence of components of the metabolic syndrome. An increase in daily physical activity should contribute to improve preventible cardiovascular risk factors.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/metabolismo , Ejercicio Físico , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , EspañaRESUMEN
FUNDAMENTO Y OBJETIVO: Evaluar en un estudio poblacional la asociación entre la actividad física diaria y diferentes factores de riesgo metabólico y cardiovascular. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: En 1.226 personas (edad: 18-65 años) aleatoriamente seleccionadas en una población del sudeste español se ha evaluado la asociación entre el nivel de actividad física diaria laboral y extralaboral con las siguientes variables: índice de masa corporal, lípidos plasmáticos, presencia de hipertensión arterial, obesidad, glucemia basal alterada y tolerancia anormal de la glucosa. RESULTADOS: La intensidad de la actividad física en el trabajo se correlacionó de manera negativa con las concentraciones de colesterol ligado a lipoproteínas de baja densidad y positivamente con las de colesterol ligado a lipoproteínas de alta densidad. La probabilidad de presentar hipertensión arterial, glucemia basal alterada o tolerancia anormal de la glucosa fue mayor en aquellos que tuvieron una menor actividad física diaria. CONCLUSIONES: La actividad física diaria, considerada como uno de los componentes del estilo de vida, se asocia con la presencia de los componentes del síndrome metabólico. Un aumento de la actividad física diaria debe contribuir a mejorar los patrones favorables a la prevención de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular (AU)