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This study was designed to elucidate the physiological responses of three Lotus forage accessions to alkaline stress, and the influence of inoculating with Pantoea eucalypti endophyte strain on alkaline stress mitigation. A diploid L. corniculatus (Lc) accession, L. tenuis (Lt), and the interspecific hybrid Lt × Lc obtained from these two parental lines were exposed to alkaline stress (pH 8.2). Both Lt and the Lt × Lc hybrid are alkaline-tolerant compared to Lc, based on observations that dry mass was not reduced under stress, and there were no chlorosis symptoms on leaf blades. In all three Lotus accessions, Fe2+ concentration under stress decreased in aerial parts and simultaneously increased in roots. Inoculation with P. eucalypti considerably increased Fe2+ content in shoots of all three Lotus forage species under alkaline treatment. Photochemical efficiency of PSII was affected in Lc accession only when exposed to alkaline treatment. However, when cultivated under alkalinity with inoculation, plants recovered and had photosynthetic parameters equivalent to those in the control treatment. Together, the results highlight the importance of inoculation with P. eucalypti, which contributes significantly to mitigating alkaline stress. All results provide useful information for improving alkaline tolerance traits of Lotus forage species and their interspecific hybrids.

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OBJECTIVE: To identify the ocular pathologies that are reported as causes of low vision in children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The systematic search was carried out in Medline (PubMed), Embase and Lilacs. Observational studies with populations between 0-18 years of age, reporting visual acuity data between 20/60-20/400 and reporting the frequency of ocular pathologies were selected. Studies in which the diagnosis of the condition had not been verified by a professional, or which covered only cases of blindness, uncorrected refractive errors, or amblyopia, were excluded. The methodological quality of the articles was evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute instrument for prevalence studies. RESULTS: 27 studies conducted in Asia (13 publications), Africa (6 studies), Oceania (4 studies), Europe and South America (2 studies each) were included. The most reported causes of low vision were: cataract, with prevalence between 0.8% and 27.2%; albinism with from 1.1% to 47%; nystagmus, with prevalence between 1.3% and 22%; retinal dystrophies between 3.5% and 50%; retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) with prevalence between 1.1% and 65.8%, optic atrophy between 0.2% and 17.6%, and glaucoma from 2.4% to 18.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Cataract, albinism and nystagmus are the ocular pathologies most mentioned by studies as a cause of low vision in children, as well as retinal diseases such as ROP and optic nerve diseases such as atrophy. However, there are numerous eye conditions that can result in low vision in the pediatric population.

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Waterlogging and salinity impair crop growth and productivity worldwide, with their combined effects being larger than the additive effects of the two stresses separately. Here, a common forage tetraploid Lotus corniculatus (cv. San Gabriel) and a diploid L. corniculatus accession, collected from a coastal area with high frequency of waterlogging-saline stress events, were evaluated for tolerance to waterlogging, salinity and these two stresses combined. We hypothesize that, due to its environmental niche, the diploid accession would show better adaptation to combined waterlogging-saline stress compared to the tetraploid L. corniculatus. Plants were evaluated under control conditions, waterlogging, salinity and a combined waterlogging-saline treatment for 33 days. Shoot and root growth were assessed, together with chlorophyll fluorescence and gas exchange measurements. Results showed that salinity and waterlogging effects were more severe for the tetraploid accession, with a larger effect being observed under the combined stress condition. Concentrations of Na+ , Cl- and K+ were measured in apical and basal leaves, and in roots. A larger accumulation of Na+ and Cl- was observed under both saline and combined stress treatments for the tetraploid L. corniculatus, for which ion toxicity effects were evident. The expression of CLC gene, coding for a Cl- transporter, was only increased in diploid L. corniculatus plants in response to the combined stress condition, suggesting that ion compartmentalization mechanisms were induced in this accession. Thus, this recently characterized L. corniculatus could be used for the introduction of new tolerance traits in other Lotus species used as forage.

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A common stress on plants is NaCl-derived soil salinity. Genus Lotus comprises model and economically important species, which have been studied regarding physiological responses to salinity. Leaf area ratio (LAR), root length ratio (RLR) and their components, specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf mass fraction (LMF) and specific root length (SRL) and root mass fraction (RMF) might be affected by high soil salinity. We characterised L. tenuis, L. corniculatus, L. filicaulis, L. creticus, L. burtii and L. japonicus grown under different salt concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 150 mm NaCl) on the basis of SLA, LMF, SRL and RMF using PCA. We also assessed effects of different salt concentrations on LAR and RLR in each species, and explored whether changes in these traits provide fitness benefit. Salinity (150 mm NaCl) increased LAR in L. burtii and L. corniculatus, but not in the remaining species. The highest salt concentration caused a decrease of RLR in L. japonicus Gifu, but not in the remaining species. Changes in LAR and RLR would not be adaptive, according to adaptiveness analysis, with the exception of SLA changes in L. corniculatus. PCA revealed that under favourable conditions plants optimise surfaces for light and nutrient acquisition (SLA and SRL), whereas at higher salt concentrations they favour carbon allocation to leaves and roots (LMF and RMF) in detriment to their surfaces. PCA also showed that L. creticus subjected to saline treatment was distinguished from the remaining Lotus species. We suggest that augmented carbon partitioning to leaves and roots could constitute a salt-alleviating mechanism through toxic ion dilution.

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Objective. To develop a Quality Index Method (QIM) for gutted and ungutted red tilapia from aquaculture ponds. Materials and methods. 40 specimens of gutted red tilapia and 40 ungutted ones were located in foam polyethylene boxes within layers of ice and storage at 4°C. Three fish were randomly sampled on days 0, 3, 5, 8, 11, 14 and 17 for gutted tilapia, and on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 11, 14 and 16 for ungutted tilapia. A sensorial panel of 8 experts was formed to evaluate the product. With three samples each day with average points of the sensorial attributes proposed in the method, the quality index for gutted and ungutted red tilapia was obtained based on the storage time on ice. Results. The Quality Index Method obtained for gutted and ungutted red tilapia showed maximum values of 21 and 29, respectively. It was adjusted in an increasing lineal model with high correlation between the Quality Index and the storage time on ice. Conclusions. The developed model is useful to determine deterioration levels and to define storage and consumption time. For gutted red tilapia the panel rejected the fish after 8 - 11 days of storage whereas the ungutted red tilapia was rejected after 6 - 9 days.

Objetivo. Desarrollar los esquemas del Método de Índice de Calidad (MIC) para la tilapia roja de piscifactoría eviscerada y sin eviscerar. Materiales y métodos. 40 especímenes de tilapia roja eviscerados y 40 sin eviscerar, fueron ubicados en cajas de polietileno expandido entre capas de hielo y almacenadas a 4°C; se realizaron muestreos los días 0, 3, 5, 8, 11, 14 y 17 para tilapia eviscerada, mientras en la tilapia sin eviscerar los días 0, 3, 6, 9, 11, 14 y 16; se conformó un panel de 8 expertos para la evaluación sensorial de tres ejemplares en cada día de muestreo; con los puntajes promedio de los atributos sensoriales propuestos en el esquema, se obtuvo el índice de calidad para la tilapia roja eviscerada y sin eviscerar en función del tiempo de almacenamiento en hielo. Resultados. Los esquemas del Método índice de Calidad desarrollados para tilapia roja entera eviscerada y sin eviscerar, obtuvieron valores máximos de Índice de Calidad de 21 y 29 puntos respectivamente, ajustados a un modelo lineal creciente con alta correlación entre el Índice de Calidad y el tiempo de almacenamiento en hielo. Conclusiones. Los esquemas del MIC desarrollados son útiles para determinar el nivel de deterioro y definir los tiempos de almacenamiento y consumo. En la tilapia roja eviscerada los panelistas rechazaron el pescado para consumo entre los días 8 y 11 de almacenamiento, mientras que para la tilapia sin eviscerar el producto fue rechazado entre los días 6 y 9 de almacenamiento.

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The minimal effective dose of sodium chlorate as an intervention to reduce the carriage of pathogenic bacteria in food-producing animals has not been clearly established. The effect of low-level oral chlorate administration to ewes was assessed by comparing the diversity of prominent bacterial populations in their gastrointestinal tract. Twelve lactating crossed Pelibuey and Blackbelly-Dorper ewes (average body weight, 65 kg) were randomly assigned (four per treatment) to receive a control treatment (TC; consisting of 3 g of NaCl per animal per day) or one of two chlorate treatments (T3 or T9; consisting of 1.8 or 5.4 g of NaClO3 per animal per day, respectively). Treatments were administered twice daily via oral gavage for 5 days. Ruminal and fecal samples were collected daily, starting 3 days before and ending 6 days after treatment, and were subjected to denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence amplified from total population DNA. For ruminal microbes, percent similarity coefficients (SCs) between groups varied from 23.0 to 67.5% and from 39.4 to 43.3% during pretreatment and treatment periods, respectively. During the treatment period, SCs within groups ranged from 39.4 to 90.3%, 43.3 to 86.7%, and 67.5 to 92.4% for TC, T3, and T9, respectively. For fecal microbes, SCs between groups varied from 38.0 to 85.2% and 38.0 to 94.2% during pretreatment and treatment periods, respectively. SCs for fecal populations during treatment were most varied for TC (38.0 to 67.9%), intermediate for T9 (75.6 to 92.0%), and least varied for T3 (80.6 to 90.6%). Heterogeneity within and between groups provided no evidence of an effect of chlorate treatment on ruminal or fecal microbial populations.

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Saline, alkaline and mixed saline-alkaline conditions frequently co-occur in soil. In this work, we compared these plant stress sources on the legume Lotus tenuis, regarding their effects on shoot growth and leaf and stem anatomy. In addition, we aimed to gain insight on the plant physiological status of stressed plants. We performed pot experiments with four treatments: control without salt (pH = 5.8; EC = 1.2 dS·m(-1)) and three stress conditions, saline (100 mM NaCl, pH = 5.8; EC = 11.0 dS·m(-1)), alkaline (10 mM NaHCO3, pH = 8.0, EC = 1.9 dS·m(-1)) and mixed salt-alkaline (10 mM NaHCO3 + 100 mM NaCl, pH = 8.0, EC = 11.0 dS·m(-1)). Neutral and alkaline salts produced a similar level of growth inhibition on L. tenuis shoots, whereas their mixture exacerbated their detrimental effects. Our results showed that none of the analysed morpho-anatomical parameters categorically differentiated one stress from the other. However, NaCl- and NaHCO3 -derived stress could be discriminated to different extents and/or directions of changes in some of the anatomical traits. For example, alkalinity led to increased stomatal opening, unlike NaCl-treated plants, where a reduction in stomatal aperture was observed. Similarly, plants from the mixed saline-alkaline treatment characteristically lacked palisade mesophyll in their leaves. The stem cross-section and vessel areas, as well as the number of vascular bundles in the sectioned stem were reduced in all treatments. A rise in the number of vessel elements in the xylem was recorded in NaCl-treated plants, but not in those treated exclusively with NaHCO3.

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Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) is a warm-season perennial turfgrass commonly used for golf courses that are grown in saline environments or using saline water for irrigation. However, seashore paspalum is also grown in non-saline conditions due to its low fertilizer and water requirements (2). In Barbados, on a newly constructed golf course, seashore paspalum 'Sea Isle Supreme' sprigs were imported from Georgia (United States) and were planted over 2006 and 2007 on greens, tees, fairways, and rough. Golf greens were constructed following the United States Golf Association Green Section (Far Hills, NJ) putting green guidelines. Tees and fairways were constructed using native soil. Two years after the grow-in, the putting greens began to exhibit irregular chlorotic patches, followed by gradual thinning and decline of turfgrass stand density in those areas. Additionally, turfgrass roots sampled from those symptomatic patches appeared to be abbreviated compared to non-symptomatic areas of the greens. A survey was conducted in May 2013 to determine if plant-parasitic nematodes were present coinciding with the observed symptoms, which were similar to those described in a previous report (3). Consequently, two samples were collected from each green with a total of four greens sampled. Each sample consisted of 20 soil cores (15 cm depth × 1.2 cm in diameter) from either areas of the greens showing symptoms or from non-symptomatic areas. Nematodes were extracted from 100 cm3 soil samples using a modified centrifugal-sugar flotation technique (4). No plant parasitic nematodes were present in any of the samples from the non-symptomatic areas. Three genera of plant parasitic nematodes were found in all the samples from the symptomatic areas: Helicotylenchus. Mesocriconema, and Pratylenchus. Nematode populations of these genera averaged 30, 60, and 200 nematodes per 100 cm3, respectively. Populations of the genera Helicotylenchus and Mesocriconema were below the action threshold levels for seashore paspalum used by the University of Florida Nematode Assay Laboratory (1). Currently, no threshold exists for Pratylenchus for seashore paspalum. Conversely, the genera Helicotylenchus. Mesocriconema, and Pratylenchus were found associated with the irregular chlorotic patches but not with the non-symptomatic areas. To our knowledge, this is the first report of plant parasitic nematodes associated with seashore paspalum maintained as putting greens in Barbados. References: (1) W. T. Crow. Nematode management for golf courses in Florida. EDIS. Accessed 31 July 2013 from: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in124 , 2001. (2) R. R. Duncan and R. N. Carrow. Seashore Paspalum: The Environmental Turfgrass. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, 2000. (3) A. C. Hixson and W. T. Crow. Plant Dis. 88:680, 2004. (4) W. R. Jenkins. Plant Dis. Rep. 48:692, 1964.

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Objetivo. La medición de la actividad colinesterasa (ChE) es una prueba rápida y económica que se emplea en el diagnóstico de intoxicaciones por insecticidas organofosforados y carbamatos. Como la interpretación por el laboratorio requiere valores de referencia para cada especie, en este estudio se establecieron las actividades de ChE normales en sangre, cerebro y retina de varias especies de animales domésticos mediante el método de Ellman. Materiales y métodos. Se obtuvieron encéfalos y globos oculares en el matadero central de Medellín, mientras que las muestras de sangre procedieron de animales remitidos al laboratorio de diagnóstico clínico de la Universidad de Antioquia. Resultados. Las medias (±D.E.) de actividad ChE sanguínea, expresada en µmoles de acetiltiocolina iodada hidrolizada/min/mL, fueron de 2.4± 0.2, 1.5±0.3, 1.9±0.3 y 2.5±0.2 para caninos, felinos, equinos y bovinos, respectivamente. En el encéfalo, la actividad ChE (µmol/min/g peso fresco), fue de 4.0±0.4, 5.4 ±0.3 y 4.9±0.3, en bovinos, porcinos y caninos, respectivamente. La retina bovina mostró una actividad de 21.7±2.45 µmol/min/g. Conclusiones. Los valores obtenidos coinciden ampliamente con los reportados por laboratorios certificados por la Asociación Americana de Laboratorios de Diagnostico Veterinarios (AAVLD), corroborando la buena reproducibilidad de la técnica y validando su uso como apoyo al diagnóstico de intoxicaciones por insecticidas inhibidores de la colinesterasa.

Objective. The measurement of cholinesterase activity (ChE) is a rapid and inexpensive test used in the diagnosis of intoxications by organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides. As the interpretation by laboratories entails reference values for each species, the present study was aimed to establish normal ChE activities in blood, brain and retina of several species of domestic animals by the use of the Ellman method. Materials and methods. Brains and eyeballs were obtained from Medellin's central slaughterhouse, while blood samples came from animals referred to the clinical diagnostic laboratory from the University of Antioquia. Results. The mean (± SD) of blood ChE activity, expressed as µmoles of iodide hydrolyzed acetylthiocholine/min/mL, were 2.4±0.2, 1.5±0.3, 1.9±0.3 and 2.5±0.2 for canines, felines, equines and bovines, respectively. In the brain, ChE activity (µmol/min/g wet weight) was 4.0±0.4, 5.4±0.3 and 4.9±0.3, in bovines, porcine, and canines, respectively. The bovine retina showed an activity of 21.7±2.45 µmol/min/g. Conclusions. The values obtained coincide with those reported by laboratories accredited by the American Association of Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratories (AAVLD), confirming its ease to reproduce the technique and validating its use to support the diagnosis of intoxications by cholinesterase inhibitors.

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The objective of the study was to quantify annual and seasonal differences in the chemical composition, in vitro gas production, in situ degradability and ruminal fermentation of grazing steers' diets. Diet samples were collected with four esophageal cannulated steers (350±3 kg BW); and four ruminally cannulated heifers (342±1.5 kg BW) were used to study the dry matter degradation and fermentation in rumen. Data were analyzed with repeated measurements split plot design. The crude protein, in vitro dry matter digestibility and metabolizable energy were higher during the first year of trial and in the summer (p<0.01). The values of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc and copper were higher in summer (p<0.05). The gas produced by the soluble and insoluble fractions, as well as the constant rate of gas production were greater in summer and fall (p<0.01). The ammonia nitrogen (NH3N) and total volatile fatty acids concentrations in rumen, the soluble and degradable fractions, the constant rate of degradation and the effective degradability of DM and NDF were affected by year (p<0.05) and season (p<0.01). Our study provides new and useful knowledge for the formulation of protein, energetic and mineral supplements that grazing cattle need to improve their productive and reproductive performance.

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AIMS: To isolate and characterize phosphate-solubilizing strains from a constrained environment such as the Salado River Basin and to assess their phosphate-solubilizing mechanisms, to further selection of the most promising strains to inoculate and improve the implantation and persistence of Lotus tenuis in the most important area devoted to meat-cow production in Argentina. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty isolates were obtained and through BOX-PCR analysis, 17 non-redundant strains were identified. Subsequently, they were found to be related to Pantoea, Erwinia, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium and Enterobacter genera, via 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. This was in agreement with the clusters obtained by antibiotic resistance analysis. All isolates were tested for their phosphate-solubilizing activity and selected strains were inoculated onto L. tenuis plants. The most efficient isolate, was identified as Pantoea eucalypti, a novel species in terms of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. CONCLUSIONS: The isolates obtained in this study showed a significant in vitro plant-growth promoting activity onto Lotus tenuis and the best of them solubilizes phosphate mainly via induction of the metabolism through secretion and oxidation of gluconic acid. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The use of these bacteria as bioinoculants, alone or in combination with nitrogen-fixing micro-organisms, could be a sustainable practice to facilitate the nutrient supply to Lotus tenuis plants and preventing negative side-effects such as eutrophication.

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Objetivo: comparar la mortalidad esperada de acuerdo con el índice de Fine (índice especifico de neumonía) y la observada en pacientes con neumonía adquirida en comunidad (NAC) severa que ingresan a cuidado intensivo. Marco de referencia: Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo del Hospital Santa Clara de Bogotá (Colombia), institución universitaria de tercer nivel. Tipo de estudio: estudio observacional analítico de cohorte bidireccional para aplicación de regla de predicción. Pacientes y métodos: pacientes con diagnóstico de NAC al ingreso a la unidad, atendidos entre enero de 1993 y diciembre de 1996. Se calculó el índice de Fine en forma retrospectiva (1993) y prospectiva (1994-1996) y se extrajeron los datos y las características demográficas y de comorbilidad de la historia clínica, lo mismo que el estado al egreso. Para cada grupo de la clasificación se calculó la mortalidad y se comparó mediante diferencia de proporciones con la esperada por el índice de Fine. Resultados: durante el periodo de estudio se hospitalizaron en la UCI 103 pacientes con diagnóstico principal de neumonía, la mayoría (93) en clases III y IV. En clases I y II mortalidad esperada y la observada fueron similares. En clases III y IV la mortalidad observada fue significativamente superior a la pronosticada. Se discuten las razones potenciales e implicaciones de este hallazgo. Conclusión: en este grupo de pacientes con NAC severa que ingresaron a la UCI el índice de Fine no pronosticó correctamente la evolución de la enfermedad.

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El cáncer de cuello uterino (CCU) es la primera causa de morbilidad y la segunda causade muerte por cáncer en mujeres en Paraguay. La infección genital por el virus delpapiloma humano (HPV), es un factor necesario para el desarrollo del CCU, junto a otroscofactores. Este estudio descriptivo transversal en muestras biológicas de cuello uterino,tiene por objetivo determinar las características clínico-demográficas de mujeresremitidas al IICS para detección de HPV de alto riesgo oncogénico por Captura HíbridaII® entre mayo de 2006-2007. De un total de 248 mujeres estudiadas el 85 por ciento procedíadel área metropolitana, con un promedio de edad de 34±11 años. El 41 por ciento de las muestrasresultó positiva para HPV de alto riego (HR-HPV). Según resultados citológicos, el 27 por ciento delas citologías inflamatorias o normales fue positivo. EL 78 por ciento de las muestras analizadaspara control post tratamiento de lesiones intraepiteliales de alto grado fue negativaevidenciando la alta efectividad del tratamiento médico por medio del Test de HPV.

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Objetivo: caracterizar la mortalidad de la población adulta de 20 a 64 años residente en la ciudad de Medellín, entre los años 1994 a 2003, según causa de muerte y sexo. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo longitudinal retrospectivo de las principales causas de muerte de los adultos de Medellín; con fuente de información secundaria de los certificados de defunción registrados por el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadísticas DANE en la década 1994-2003. Resultados: durante los diez años de estudio, entre las primeras causas de muerte se evidenció que las agresiones cobraron el mayor número de víctimas, especialmente los causados por ataques con armas de fuego y explosivos y con instrumentos cortantes y punzantes, en los hombres y mujeres entre 20 y 44 años. El infarto agudo del miocardio para los hombres y mujeres entre los 45 y 64 años de edad ocasionó un gran número de muertes en este grupo poblacional. A pesar de no presentarse el Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida entre las primeras causas se muerte, sí se manifestó durante los últimos años de estudio en hombres y mujeres con edades de 20 a 44 años; para las mujeres ocupó la quinta causa durante 1998 y 1999 y para los hombres la tercera causa durante los últimos tres años 1997, 1998 y 1999. Conclusiones: las causas de fallecimiento de los hombres adultos de 20 a 64 años residentes en Medellín, ocurridas en la década 1994-2003, estuvieron origen en una causa externa y en enfermedades del sistema circulatorio; las defunciones de las mujeres en este mismo rango de edad fueron originadas por tumores o neoplasias y en enfermedades del sistema circulatorio, mostrando el mayor riesgo al que están expuestos los hombres de morir por causa violenta inflingida o autoinflingida que las mujeres (OR=7,73) y las mujeres presentan un riesgo mayor que los hombres de morir a causa de tumor o neoplasia (OR=4,66).

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We evaluated phytohormone and polyamine biosynthesis, siderophore production, and phosphate solubilization in two strains (Cd and Az39) of Azospirillum brasilense used for inoculant formulation in Argentina during the last 20 years. Siderophore production and phosphate solubilization were evaluated in a chemically defined medium, with negative results. Indole 3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA(3)), and abscisic acid (ABA) production were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Ethylene, polyamine, and zeatin (Z) biosynthesis were determined by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-fluorescence and -UV), respectively. Phytohormones IAA, Z, GA(3), ABA, ethylene, and growth regulators putrescine, spermine, spermidine, and cadaverine (CAD) were found in culture supernatant of both strains. IAA, Z, and GA(3) were found in all two strains; however, their levels were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in Cd (10.8, 2.32, 0.66 microg ml(-1)). ABA biosynthesis was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in Az39 (0.077 microg ml(-1)). Ethylene and polyamine CAD were found in all two strains, with highest production in Cd cultured in NFb plus L-methionine (3.94 ng ml(-1) h(-1)) and Az39 cultured in NFb plus L-lysine (36.55 ng ml(-1) h(-1)). This is the first report on the evaluation of important bioactive molecules in strains of A. brasilense as potentially capable of direct plant growth promotion or agronomic yield increase. Az39 and Cd showed differential capability to produce the five major phytohormones and CAD in chemically defined medium. This fact has important technological implications for inoculant formulation as different concentrations of growth regulators are produced by different strains or culture conditions.

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Se presenta el caso clínico de una menor de 6 años (P.U.E) portadora de una lesión cutánea del muslo derecho, que se resecó en forma ambulatoria y cuyo estudio histopatológico reveló un melanoma maligno. Por lo poco frecuente de la lesión en niños se realizaron diversos estudios y consultas a centros especializados finalmente llevando a cabo una resección amplia de la lesión y una extirpación del ganglio linfático centinela.

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Objetivos: Analizar la concordancia del método MGIT con el método Patrón o Método de las Proporciones. Determinar el tiempo en la obtención de los resultados para cada uno de ellos . Analizar el costo-beneficio de la metodología empleada

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