RESUMEN
In this paper, I describe a theoretical extension to the ecological well-being model of personal, everyday well-being (Ruffing-Rahal, 1989) with the addition of a "shadow model" of core themes and properties. The expanded model enables recognition of transitions in well-being and qualitative experience, thereby providing a venue for deliberate health promotion interventions to address emergent threats to and optimizers of qualitative experience. Illustrative examples, drawn from the investigator's community field experiences involving group health promotion with community-dwelling older women, show the resourcefulness of the shadow model in identifying program topics for timely, relevant preventive and health promotion interventions. The advantages of a small group intervention are also discussed.
Asunto(s)
Anciano de 80 o más Años/psicología , Actitud Frente a la Salud , Promoción de la Salud , Modelos Psicológicos , Salud de la Mujer , Mujeres/psicología , Adaptación Psicológica , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Teoría Junguiana , Acontecimientos que Cambian la Vida , Investigación Metodológica en Enfermería , Grupos de AutoayudaRESUMEN
This study investigated the relationships of gender role orientations (Feminine, Masculine, & Androgynous) with self-perceived health status, health behavior, and qualitative well-being experience in a simple random sample of community-dwelling older women (N = 70). Instruments used were The Bem Sex Role Inventory (Bem, 1974); The Seniors' Lifestyle Inventory (Schwirian, 1991); and The Integration Inventory (Ruffing-Rahal, 1991). Findings revealed the greatest number of significant positive correlations with the Feminine orientation; Androgyny was significantly linked with qualitative well-being and with a positive self-comparison in relation to peers and Masculinity was positively linked with health behavior. Findings are interpreted in light of successful aging issues for older women.
Asunto(s)
Actitud Frente a la Salud , Identidad de Género , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Estado de Salud , Autoimagen , Salud de la Mujer , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , HumanosRESUMEN
Health promotion outcomes with older adults are characterized increasingly in terms of several effects. The outcomes of a health-promotion intervention with a group consisting of a majority of African-American older women were evaluated after six months. The study employed a quasi-experimental design with intervention and control groups all living in the area of a midwestern city with the highest proportion of low-income and non-Caucasian elders. Women in the intervention group participated in weekly group meetings over 26 weeks. The intervention was derived from the ecologic well being model and incorporated content related to three areas of outcome evaluation: health practices, psychologic and spiritual well-being, and social integration. Interviews conducted prior to and on conclusion of the intervention incorporated four single-item qualitative measures and the following three instruments as outcome measures: the senior lifestyle inventory, the integration inventory, and the social integration subscale. Although no significant increases in outcomes were demonstrated over time for the intervention group, statistical analysis before and after the intervention did reveal significant contrasts among controls in relation to well-being, health practices, and life satisfaction, suggesting a preventive-maintenance effect for the participants.
Asunto(s)
Anciano , Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Grupos de Autoayuda , Mujeres , Negro o Afroamericano , Anciano/psicología , Femenino , Procesos de Grupo , Estado de Salud , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Medio Oeste de Estados Unidos , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud , Proyectos de Investigación , Población Urbana , Mujeres/psicología , Salud de la MujerRESUMEN
One promising context for health promotion with older individuals is the continuing small group, meeting on a regular basis for participation in health and wellness activities. As the facilitator of such a group, I have been conducting research using ethnographic and constant comparative methods on the dimensions of group well-being. Three core themes are described: (a) group as ritual, (b) group as celebration, and (c) group as community. Findings extend my previous report (Ruffing-Rahal, 1989) of constructs of well-being among older persons by delineating the small-group properties of well-being.
Asunto(s)
Procesos de Grupo , Promoción de la Salud/organización & administración , Modelos de Enfermería , Grupos de Autoayuda/organización & administración , Salud de la Mujer , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Ecología , Femenino , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Persona de Mediana Edad , Investigación Metodológica en EnfermeríaRESUMEN
Feminist theory and methods are vital catalysts to teaching/learning in graduate education. This article describes how feminism was integrated into a graduate course, specifically regarding nursing activism and health policy. Major themes include a learning model emphasizing the student's individual strands of life experience, reconstruction of nursing history, and small-group process. Class assignments, student responses, and the implications of feminist perspectives for advanced professional practice are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Curriculum , Educación de Postgrado en Enfermería/normas , Derechos de la Mujer , Educación de Postgrado en Enfermería/métodos , Familia , Procesos de Grupo , Política de Salud , Humanos , Maniobras Políticas , Modelos de Enfermería , Poder Psicológico , Justicia Social , EscrituraRESUMEN
The paper underscores the relevance of preventive and well health practices for older adults, given the current potential for extended life spans. One model for health promotion interventions consists of self-care skills, emotional and spiritual integration, and social integration. It was based on research in which older adults identified dimensions of everyday well-being.
Asunto(s)
Enfermería Geriátrica/métodos , Promoción de la Salud/métodos , Modelos de Enfermería , Anciano , Salud Holística , Humanos , Relaciones Interpersonales , Estilo de Vida , AutocuidadoRESUMEN
Mary Breckinridge, founder of The Frontier Nursing Service, employed ethnographic methodologies--participant observation, interviewing and fieldwork--as foundation efforts toward construction of highly responsive health-service systems, developed under circumstances of duress, e.g. after World War I and pre-industrial Appalachia. In culturally representing the Appalachian, she drew upon two vast resources, her first-hand field experience as well as her considerable rhetorical skill. She narrated and described an enormity of selected 'realities' of Appalachian life with immediacy of detail and nonpatronizing sensitivity for 'insider' perspectives. In an era of transition with few indigenous cultural writers, Breckinridge capitalized on her family heritage in Appalachia, which further underscored the intimacy and authenticity of her accounts. As portrayed in her autobiography, crosscultural encounters of one kind and time or another supplied an infrastructure of longstanding meaning throughout her life. The final and lasting impression is that, in both skills and orientation, Breckinridge's were essentially those of the ethnographer.
Asunto(s)
Etnología/historia , Partería/historia , Enfermeras Practicantes/historia , Región de los Apalaches , Historia del Siglo XIX , Historia del Siglo XX , Estados UnidosAsunto(s)
Contaminación Ambiental , Morbilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Embarazo , RiesgoRESUMEN
Personal documents, notably autobiographical accounts, supply a compelling realm of phenomenological data for nursing theory, providing insight and understanding into the nonnormative nature of health and health-related experience. Personal documents occasion a discussion of empathic understanding as an analytical component of human science and illness as an occasion of heightened personal awareness. Triangulation research strategies are advocated as a means of incorporating personal experience data in nursing research.
Asunto(s)
Actitud Frente a la Salud , Documentación , Enfermería , Proyectos de Investigación , Anciano , Autobiografías como Asunto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Relaciones Enfermero-Paciente , Pacientes/psicología , Relaciones Médico-PacienteRESUMEN
A social ecological model of well-being, defined as subjective affirmation by clients regarding treatment experiences, was tested using county demographic data and responses of clients and therapeutic staff in community drug treatment programs registered in the State of Ohio. Multivariate analyses were conducted of a trilogy of variable constellations [Client Background, Therapeutic Proficiency, and Community Development] in relation to Client Well-Being. Findings upheld the origins of well-being in social environments and supported an evaluative focus on client experience in human service organizations.