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OBJECTIVE: To analyze clinical features of the nervous system damage in syphilis taking into account the changes in the content of cerebrospinal fluid and clinical/anatomical brain damages of the brain. METHODS: The study was based on the analysis of 47 case histories of patients hospitalized in 1995-2001. The group included 47 patients, aged from 17 to 60 years. RESULTS: Syphilitic meningitis, syphilitic meningoneuritis, syphilitic menongoencephalitis, syphilitic meningovasculitis, cerebral gummas, syphilitic meningomyelitis and mental changes caused by syphilis are reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: The pathogenesis of different clinical forms of syphilitic damages of the brain and terminological issues are discussed.

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Herpes encephalitis makes up more than 20% of all viral encephalitises in countries with moderate climate. Over the period of 1971-2008, 112 inpatients with herpes encephalitis have been examined and treated. Outcomes were as follows: 90 (80%) patients recovered and 22 (20%) patients died. The diagnostic criteria were the relation with herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) by immunological and clinical data in the presence of clinical symptoms of viral encephalitis for recovered patients and clinical symptoms of acute encephalitis, morphological foci of necrosis in the brain, relation with HSV, the absence of other alternative diagnosis for dead patients. Based on the analysis of 112 patients, the authors present clinical symptoms of herpes encephalitis. The presentation is supported by 2 case reports.

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The paper presents a comparative description of the clinical picture of herpes zoster observed in a patient twice in 1989 and 1997. For its differential diagnosis with herpes simplex, emphasis is laid on a difference between the concepts "relapse" and "recurrence".

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Studies of 1986-1995 revealed diseases etiologically connected with California serogroup viruses (Bunyaviridae, Bunyavirus) all over the country. Highly endemic zones are the tundra, taiga, and leafy forest. The disease occurs mainly in summer, the patients are mostly young: under 30 years of age. Analysis of 183 cases confirmed by laboratory findings enabled us to distinguish the following forms: influenza-like (70.9%) with the predominant involvement of the bronchopulmonary system (bronchitis and pneumonia) and neuroinfection (20.2%) (serous meningitis and meningoencephalitis).

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AIM: To estimate the occurrence of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) arising after acute period of herpes zoster (HZ) and determination of zovirax efficiency in PHN prevention. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of a total of 102 patients with HZ aged 17-89 years, 20 patients aged 26-83 years were given zovirax. RESULTS: Acute pain syndrome in PHN was observed in more that one-third of HZ patients. Patients over 60 years of age were more predisposed to PHN. Zovirax reduced the duration of acute rash and its healing, decreased the number of patients with zoster-associated pain and PHN patients. CONCLUSION: Zovirax is effective and safe in preventing PHN in HZ patients.

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Long-term follow-up of 92 Lyme's borreliosis sufferers with different neurological syndromes allowed the authors to distinguish as the following basic nervous disturbances typical for this disease: peripheral neuropathies, encephalopathies, meningoencephalitis, serous meningitis. Peripheral neuropathies occurred most frequently (80%). The disease duration and severity were often substantial.

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The authors relate the results of the use of virolex (acyclovir), a new etiotropic agent, for the treatment of some herpetic lesions of the nervous system. The use of the drug for the treatment of herpetic encephalitis, one of the gravest forms of encephalitides, exerts a beneficial effect. In the course of the treatment, it is of paramount importance to adhere to the established time of therapy, since the disease may recur. The treatment with virolex of different forms of herpes zoster in children and adults brings about positive results as well.

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The paper describes a clinical picture of a new transmissible disease which got widespread in the Middle zone of Russia. It is caused by a tick-borne organism pertaining to new pathogenic species of Borrelia. Early in its onset Lyme Borrelia (LB) infection presented with tick-borne erythema, followed by neurological and cardiac complications eventuating in locomotor disturbances. Altogether 118 patients at various stages of the disease were examined and treated. Wide-spectrum antibiotics proved an effective therapeutic modality in LB infection management.

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A study was undertaken to examine 320 patients with seasonal fevers occurred in June to September. These included fever of unknown etiology, acute respiratory virus diseases, pneumonias, bronchitis, enterovirus diseases, and serous meningitis. Serological tests revealed that in 20 (6.3%) of them the viruses of the complex in California encephalitis (Tyagin's virus or antigenically related virus) contributed to the etiology of the disease. Major clinical symptoms of the disease were defined in this group of patients. The disease appeared as neuroinfections (serous meningitis), influenza-like conditions (fever, symptoms of intoxication), occasionally, infiltrative changes in the lung. Thus, the viruses of the antigen complex of California encephalitis makes an etiological contribution to infectious abnormalities.

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