RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: This article describes the perception of health risks in adolescents due to the consumption of cigarettes, alcohol and psychoactive substances in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBIH), as well as their observation of the behavior of their peers related to addictive behaviors. METHODS: For the analysis was used a database from the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) survey which was conducted in FBIH in 2011. The target population were students in the second grade of secondary schools in FBIH born in 1995 according to the ESPAD protocol. The total number of respondents from the cohort born in 1995 was 3813 students. RESULTS: The research results showed that the prevalence of risk perception due to the consumption of cigarettes, alcohol and psychoactive substances among adolescents in the FBIH is lower than the mean prevalence in countries which have implemented the ESPAD survey of 2011. CONCLUSIONS: PPreventive activities should be aimed at adolescent risk behaviours and empower them to make the right decisions that can have far reaching significance. Attention has to be paid to selective prevention that is directed towards individuals or subgroup of population where the risk of developing disorder is much higher than average.
Asunto(s)
Conducta del Adolescente , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Psicotrópicos/administración & dosificación , Estudiantes/psicología , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiología , Tabaquismo/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Bosnia y Herzegovina/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalencia , Psicotrópicos/efectos adversos , Asunción de Riesgos , Instituciones Académicas , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
A new method for evaluation of bremsstrahlung spectra from transmission measurements has been developed. In this method some very well known facts relating to thick target bremsstrahlung spectra are a priori included in the calculation procedure. Some characteristics of the method are preliminarily illustrated on a 6 MV therapy linear accelerator.
Asunto(s)
Radiometría/métodos , Radioterapia de Alta Energía/instrumentación , Radioterapia de Alta Energía/métodos , Algoritmos , Humanos , Modelos Teóricos , Método de Montecarlo , Aceleradores de Partículas , Programas Informáticos , Rayos XRESUMEN
Variation of the photoactivation rate across radiation fields of three different bremsstrahlung beams of two medical accelerators has been measured, making use of the photonuclear reactions in natural indium probes: 115In(y,y')115mIn and 115In(y,n)114mIn. The third nuclear reaction, 115In(n,y)116mIn, was used to detect the presence of neutrons in the photon beam and to estimate the spatial distribution of thermal and fast neutrons in the patient plane as a function of collimator opening.
Asunto(s)
Radioisótopos de Indio , Neutrones , Fotones , Radioterapia de Alta Energía , Calibración , Neutrones Rápidos , Rayos gamma , Humanos , Aceleradores de PartículasRESUMEN
The assumption that thrombocytopoietin preparations prepared in our own laboratory can prevent the decrease of the number of thrombocytes in the peripheral blood of animals irradiated by a sublethal dose of gamma-ionizing rays was tested in an experiment on mice. Two preparations were tested: one, with an influence on stem cells, which directs them in the direction of megacariocyte differentiation (Smp), and the other one which is essential for the endomitosis and production of thrombocytes (Stp). The results undoubtedly indicated that a decrease in the number of thrombocytes occurred in the peripheral blood of animals following irradiation without the use of the preparations mentioned above, and was mostly emphasized after 9 days. The fact that was also demonstrated was that this decrease is significantly lesser if the animals are treated, after irradiation, with both preparations together or only with preparation Stp which has an influence on the directed thrombocytopoiesis cells, while the preparation Smp does not show such an effect. On the basis of these results a conclusion was made that thrombocytopenia of irradiated subjects sets on as a consequence of a temporary lack of one of the two poietins of thrombocytopoiesis, meaning Stp, which can be of importance in the treatment of the acute radiation syndrome in man.