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Fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) is a highly sensitive fluorescence technique with distinct advantages in many bioanalytical applications involving interaction and binding of multiple components. Due to the use of multiple beams, bulk optical FCCS setups require delicate and complex alignment procedures. We demonstrate the first implementation of dual-color FCCS on a planar, integrated optofluidic chip based on liquid-core waveguides that can guide liquid and light simultaneously. In this configuration, the excitation beams are delivered in predefined locations and automatically aligned within the excitation waveguides. We implement two canonical applications of FCCS in the optofluidic lab-on-chip environment: particle colocalization and binding/dissociation dynamics. Colocalization is demonstrated in the detection and discrimination of single-color and double-color fluorescently labeled nanobeads. FCCS in combination with fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is used to detect the denaturation process of double-stranded DNA at nanomolar concentration.

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We demonstrate detection and analysis of the Qbeta bacteriophage on the single virus level using an integrated optofluidic biosensor. Individual Qbeta phages with masses on the order of attograms were sensed and analyzed on a silicon chip in their natural liquid environment without the need for virus immobilization. The diffusion coefficient of the viruses was extracted from the fluorescence signal by means of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and found to be 15.90+/-1.50 microm(2)/s in excellent agreement with previously published values. The aggregation and disintegration of the phage were also observed. Virus flow velocities determined by FCS were in the 60-300 microm/s range. This study suggests considerable potential for an inexpensive and portable sensor capable of discrimination between viruses of different sizes.

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The elaboration of more reliable and simple methods of transmitted and plexus anestesias has provided a wide clinical usage of regionar anestesia (RA) during the operations on extremities. The creation of devices to identificate (locate) nerval bearer and plexes was also an important factor for increasing quantity of RA. For such identification we use the portable "Innervator 232" neurostimulator manufactured by "Fisher & Paykel Ltd.", New Zealand. Successful conduction of transmitted and plexus anesthesia depends a lot on anesthesiologist's knowledge of anatomy-topography location of nerval bearer and plexes, precise fulfillment of anesthesia, manual capabilities of physician and obtaining a paresthesia or muscular contraction during the identification of nerval bearer with the help of neurostimulator. RA is secure, effective, and provides less risk for a patient. With neurostimulation the amount of successful anesthesias increases up to 98%. The neurostimulator is easy to use, clinically effective in emergency and planned surgeries for identification of nerval bearer and plexes.

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The authors discuss actual problems in intensive therapy as practiced in the military medical set-ups, particularly the usage of standardized methods of anti-shock therapy in the high-quality medical aid. The emphasis has been placed on the role of monitoring, i.e. continuous observation and immediate reaction to the changes in a patient's life-support vital functions. It should not be labor-consuming process for medical personnel neither a burden to the patient. The organizational structure of a hospital should provide for an intensive therapy and resuscitation section as a unit.

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Mafusol is a crystalloid solution, containing sodium fumarat and possessing antihypoxic bioenergetic ability. It was used for the correction of acute hypovolemia in infusion-transfusion therapy. Mafusol in a dose of 800-1600 ml reliably prevents the development of metabolic acidosis. It can be the preparation of choice in acute loss of blood and traumatic shock treatment in early stages of medical care.

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The author proposes a new method for anesthesia of neck plexus, which is seen to be more safe, has reliable points of reference, and is administered by "one-touch" injection. The article gives a description of this method, results of its clinical application, indications and counter-indications. The anesthesia of neck plexus was applied on 71 patients. No complications were marked. This method makes it possible to produce an adequate anesthesia in vast operations on neck and its organs.

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Local wars and major catastrophes of the last years have originated a new approach to a problem of anesthetic management at the various phases of evacuation. In cases of mass casualty admission it must be taken an option between field block anesthesia and general intravenous anesthesia with spontaneous breathing or artificial lung ventilation. In many respects the outcome of surgical intervention will depend on action coordination between surgeon and anesthesiologist.

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