RESUMEN
Introducción: Los riesgos asociados con las Transfusiones de Sangre Alogénicas (TSA) son ampliamente conocidos y han contribuido a nuevos paradigmas de tratamiento para la medicina y cirugía sin sangre. Por tanto, es importante contar con estrategias terapéuticas efectivas y prácticas que sirvan como alternativas al uso de TSA. Este informe describirá las estrategias aplicadas a los pacientes de este reporte. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo de alternativas a la TSA utilizadas en SOLCA Guayaquil con pacientes que no aceptaron TSA bajo ninguna circunstancia, entre los años 2011 y 2017. La estrategia terapéutica se basó en un diagnóstico temprano y un tratamiento agresivo de la anemia y cualquier tipo de sangrado activo. Se utilizó eritropoyetina, hierro y folato, según requerimientos del paciente. Todos los pacientes quirúrgicos recibieron ácido tranexámico y otros hemostáticos tópicos según necesidad. Resultados: De 73 pacientes oncológicos, el 68.5 % eran no quirúrgicos, de este grupo el 62 % recibió quimioterapia. La hemoglobina aumentó hasta 12.6 g/dL. Por tratamiento global por paciente se administraron hasta 3000 mg de hierro, 140.000 unds de eritropoyetina y megadosis de vitamina C fue aplicada con una media de 24 gramos. Todos los pacientes aumentaron sus niveles de hemoglobina en un promedio de 25 días. Conclusión: Es esencial iniciar un tratamiento temprano, preventivo y coordinado con un equipo multidisciplinario comprometido a estos esquemas. Los pacientes respondieron bien a los medicamentos y las dosis recibidas y no se informaron efectos secundarios. También podemos ver que estas estrategias son efectivas y factibles de aplicar.
Introduction: Risks associated with the Allogeneic Blood Transfusions (ABT) are widely known and have contributed to new treatment paradigms for bloodless medicine and surgery. Therefore, it is essential to have effective therapeutic strategies that serve as alternatives to ABTs. This report describes the strategies applied to patients in this paper. Methods: A Retrospective descriptive study of ABT alternatives used in SOLCA Guayaquil with patients who did not accept ABTs under any circumstances, between 2011 and 2017. The therapeutic strategy was an early diagnosis and an aggressive treatment of anemia and any active bleeding. Erythropoietin, iron, and folate were applied, according to the patient's requirements. All surgical patients received tranexamic acid and other hemostatics as needed. Results: Of 73 cancer patients, 68.5% were non-surgical, 62% of the group received chemotherapy. For global treatment per patient, up to 3000 mg of iron was administered, 140,000 units of erythropoietin and megadoses of vitamin C were applied with an average of 24 grams. All patients increased their hemoglobin levels by an average of 25 days. All patients increased their hemoglobin levels by an average of 25 days. Conclusion: It is essential to start early treatment, prevent and coordinate with a multidisciplinary team committed to these schemes. The patients responded well to the medications, and the doses received, and no side effects were reported. We can also see that these strategies are practical and feasible to apply.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Transfusión Sanguínea , Eritropoyetina , Procedimientos Médicos y Quirúrgicos sin Sangre , Transfusión de Sangre Autóloga , Transfusión de Componentes Sanguíneos , Medicina TransfusionalRESUMEN
Objetivos. Comparar el efecto de diferentes dosis de maca roja sobre los niveles de interferón gamma (IFN-y) en ratas ovariectomizadas (OVX). Materiales y métodos. Ratas hembras adultas fueron divididas al azar en los siguientes seis grupos: Grupo 1: ratas pesudo-ovariectomizadas (PO); Grupo 2: ratas OVX; Grupo 3: ratas OVX tratadas con 4 ug/kg de estradiol, y Grupo 4, 5 y 6: ratas OVX tratadas con extractos de maca con 2,15, 4,3 y 8,6 mg polifenoles/kilogramo de peso corporal, respectivamente. Resultados. Las ratas OVX mostraron niveles bajos de IFN-y en comparación con las ratas PO. El estradiol y la maca roja revirtieron el efecto de la ovariectomía sobre los niveles de IFN-y. La maca roja presenta un incremento dosis-respuesta de los niveles de IFN-y (r=0,57, p<0,05). Conclusiones. La administración de la maca roja incrementa los niveles de IFN-y en ratas ovariectomizadas.
Objectives. Compare the effect of different doses of red maca on gamma interferon (IFN-y) levels in ovariectomized rats (OVX). Materials and methods. Adult female rats were randomly divided into the following six groups: Group 1: pseudo-ovariectomized rats (PO); Group 2: OVX rats; Group 3: OVX rats treated with 4 ug/kg estradiol; and Group 4, 5 and 6: OVX rats treated with red maca extracts with 2.15, 4.3 and 8.6 mg polyphenols/body weight kilogram, respectively. Results. OVX rats showed low levels of IFN-y compared to PO rats. Estradiol and red maca reversed the effect of ovariectomy on the IFN-y levels. A positive dose-response effect of red maca on IFN-y levels was shown (r = 0.57, p <0.05). Conclusions. Red maca administration increases levels of IFN-y in ovariectomized rats.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Ratas , Estradiol , Interferón gamma , Lepidium , Ovariectomía , PerúRESUMEN
Maca (Lepidium meyenii) is a plant that grows above 4000 altitude meters in Peru's Central Andes; it has different varieties according to the color of the hypocotyl. This review summarizes the results of studies about the effects of maca on sexual function, spermatogenesis, female reproductive function, memory, depression and anxiety, and energy as well as effects on benign prostatic hyperplasia, osteoporosis and metabolic syndrome. Its anti-aging effect is also discussed as well as safety in consumption. Differences have been shown between the effects of the black, yellow and red maca varieties. Black maca shows the best results on spermatogenesis, memory and fatigue, while red maca is the variety that reverses the benign prostatic hyperplasia and experimentally induced osteoporosis. In addition, maca reduces the glucose levels, and its consumption is related to the lowering of blood pressure and an improved health score. Experimental studies have proven that short and long term consumption don't show in vivo and in vitro toxicity. Although experimental studies have shown that maca has diverse beneficial effects, more clinical studies are needed to confirm these results.
Asunto(s)
Lepidium , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Hiperplasia Prostática/tratamiento farmacológico , Reproducción/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
La maca (Lepidium meyenii) es una planta que crece sobre los 4000 metros de altitud en los Andes Centrales del Perú, presenta diferentes variedades de acuerdo al color de su hipocótilo. La presente revisión resume los resultados de estudios sobre los efectos de la maca en la función sexual, la espermatogénesis, la función reproductiva femenina, la memoria, la depresión y la ansiedad, como energizante y contra la hiperplasia benigna de próstata, osteoporosis y síndrome metabólico. Se discute también su efecto antienvejecimiento y la seguridad en su consumo. Se han demostrado diferencias en el efecto de las variedades negra, amarilla y roja de maca. La maca negra es la que mejores resultados presenta sobre la espermatogénesis, la memoria y contra la fatiga, mientras que la maca roja es la variedad que mejor revierte la hiperplasia benigna de próstata y la osteoporosis inducida experimentalmente. Además, la maca reduce los niveles de glucosa, y su consumo se relaciona con la reducción de la presión arterial y un mejor puntaje de salud. Estudios experimentales han demostrado que el consumo a corto como a largo plazo no muestra toxicidad tanto in vivo como in vitro. A pesar que los estudios experimentales han demostrado que la maca presenta diversos efectos benéficos, son necesarios más estudios clínicos para confirmar estos resultados.
Maca (Lepidium meyenii) is a plant that grows above 4000 altitude meters in Peru’s Central Andes; it has different varieties according to the color of the hypocotyl. This review summarizes the results of studies about the effects of maca on sexual function, spermatogenesis, female reproductive function, memory, depression and anxiety, and energy as well as effects on benign prostatic hyperplasia, osteoporosis and metabolic syndrome. Its anti-aging effect is also discussed as well as safety in consumption. Differences have been shown between the effects of the black, yellow and red maca varieties. Black maca shows the best results on spermatogenesis, memory and fatigue, while red maca is the variety that reverses the benign prostatic hyperplasia and experimentally induced osteoporosis. In addition, maca reduces the glucose levels, and its consumption is related to the lowering of blood pressure and an improved health score. Experimental studies have proven that short and long term consumption don’t show in vivo and in vitro toxicity. Although experimental studies have shown that maca has diverse beneficial effects, more clinical studies are needed to confirm these results.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Lepidium , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Hiperplasia Prostática/tratamiento farmacológico , Reproducción/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Compare the effect of different doses of red maca on gamma interferon (IFN-γ) levels in ovariectomized rats (OVX). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult female rats were randomly divided into the following six groups: Group 1: pseudo-ovariectomized rats (PO); Group 2: OVX rats; Group 3: OVX rats treated with 4 ug/kg estradiol; and Group 4, 5 and 6: OVX rats treated with red maca extracts with 2.15, 4.3 and 8.6 mg polyphenols/body weight kilogram, respectively. RESULTS: OVX rats showed low levels of IFN-γ compared to PO rats. Estradiol and red maca reversed the effect of ovariectomy on the IFN-γ levels. A positive dose-response effect of red maca on IFN-γ levels was shown (r = 0.57, p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Red maca administration increases levels of IFN-γ in ovariectomized rats.
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Interferón gamma/sangre , Interferón gamma/efectos de los fármacos , Lepidium , Ovariectomía , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Femenino , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-DawleyRESUMEN
El tratamiento de la estenosis biliar benigna (EBB) constituye unreto médico, más del 70% de los casos son resueltos endoscópica-mente, reservando los más complejos para el abordaje quirúrgico,con una tasa éxito que ronda del 92 % al 60%. Una técnica qui-rúrgica impecable junto a factores favorables del paciente es la prin-cipal garantía de éxito. Objetivo: Mantener un adecuado flujo biliar es uno de los factoresprincipales para evitar inflamación y éstasis biliar, por lo que hemosemprendido el siguiente protocolo de estudio con terapia adyuvantecon ácido ursodesoxicólico posterior a la reconstrucción biliar.Métodos: Ensayo clínico prospectivo no aleatorizado, donde seincluyen pacientes con estenosis biliar benigna desde agosto 2012hasta agosto 2014.Resultados:Se han incluido 13 pacientes con preponderancia delsexo femenino con un 77 %, las estenosis tipo Bismuth 1 y 2 ocu-paron un 23 %, mientras que para Bismuth 4 y 5 un 15,38 % res-pectivamente, las EBB producto en anastomosis biliodigestiva ocu-rrió en un 23 %. El seguimiento promedio fue de 13,3 meses.Posterior al tratamiento, sólo 1 paciente experimentó colangitis enausencia de estenosis. Hasta la fecha de seguimiento ninguno hapresentado re-estenosis.Conclusión: Una técnica quirúrgica impecable junto al tratamientoadyuvante con ácido ursodesoxicólico pareciera ofrecer buenosresultados a fin de evitar la re-estenosis y la colangitis, por lo que suaplicación debe ser estudiada por periodos de tiempo prolongados(AU)
The benign biliary stenosis is a medical challenge; more than 70%of them are resulted endoscopically, leaving the most difficult casesfor surgical treatment, which can reach a success between 92% and60%. Meticulous surgical techniques with better patient prognosticfactors are guarantee of success. Objective:The adequate biliary flow is related with less inflationand less biliary stasis, that's why we decide to use ursodesoxicolicacid as an adjuvant treatment after biliary reconstruction surgery.Methods: Non randomized clinical trial, including patients betweenAugust 2012 to August 2014 with benign biliary stenosis.Results:Were included 13 patients, most of them women 77%.Type 1 and 2 Bismuth 23%, Bismuth 4 -5 15,38 % respectively, and23 % for stenosis of the biliodigestive anastomosis. The medianfollow up was 13,3 months. After surgical reconstruction there wereonly 1 patient who revealed cholangitis, and no restenosis in thefollow up period. Conclusion:A meticulous surgical technique and adjuvant treat-ment with ursobilanic acid seem to show good results avoiding re-stenosis and cholangitis, prolong study period is required(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ácido Ursodesoxicólico , Conductos Biliares , Constricción Patológica , Endoscopía , Cirugía General , Heridas y Lesiones , Colangitis , ColestasisRESUMEN
Chronic mountain sickness (CMS) or lack of adaptation to live in high altitudes is related to environmental hypoxia and excessive erythrocytosis (EE) (hemoglobin >21 and >19 g/dL for men and women, respectively). Diagnosis of CMS ("Qinghai CMS Score") is based on seven signs/symptoms (breathlessness and/or palpitations, sleep disturbance, cyanosis, dilatation of veins, paresthesia, headache, tinnitus) and the score for EE. The present study was designed to determine the association between hemoglobin, Qinghai CMS score, CMS clinical score (7 signs/symptoms) and Health Status using a health survey composed of 20 items. The rate of CMS (32.6%) was higher than the rate of EE (9.7%; P<0.002). A significant inverse relationship was observed between CMS clinical score and health status score (r=-0.56 for men, and r=-0.55 for women, P<0.01). However, CMS clinical score was not different in groups with different Hb levels. Health status score was significantly higher in subjects without CMS. In conclusion, elevated hemoglobin levels were not associated with elevated CMS clinical score.
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Adaptación Fisiológica/fisiología , Mal de Altura/complicaciones , Mal de Altura/metabolismo , Altitud , Estado de Salud , Hemoglobinas/metabolismo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Adulto , Anciano , Análisis de Varianza , Presión Sanguínea , Enfermedad Crónica , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Lineales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Consumo de Oxígeno , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Previous studies have shown that black variety of maca has beneficial effects on learning and memory in experimental animal models. The present study aimed to determine whether the hydroalcoholic extract of black maca (BM) showed a dose-response effect in mice treated with ethanol 20% (EtOH) as a model of memory impairment. Mice were divided in the following groups: control, EtOH, ascorbic acid (AA) and 0.125, 0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 g/kg of BM plus EtOH. All treatments were orally administered for 28 days. Open field test was performed to determine locomotor activity and water Morris maze was done to determine spatial memory. Also, total polyphenol content in the hydroalcoholic extract of BM was determined (0.65 g pyrogallol/100 g). Mice treated with EtOH took more time to find the hidden platform than control during escape acquisition trials; meanwhile, AA and BM reversed the effect of EtOH. In addition, AA and BM ameliorated the deleterious effect of EtOH during the probe trial. Correlation analyses showed that the effect of BM a dose-dependent behavior. Finally, BM improved experimental memory impairment induced by ethanol in a dose-response manner due, in part, to its content of polyphenolic compounds.
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Etanol/toxicidad , Lepidium/química , Trastornos de la Memoria/inducido químicamente , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Reacción de Fuga/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Trastornos de la Memoria/tratamiento farmacológico , Ratones , Extractos Vegetales/química , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Chronic mountain sickness (CMS), a lack of adaptation to altitude characterized by excessive erythrocytosis (EE), is a health problem associated with life at high altitude. The erythropoietic process is regulated by both erythropoietin and testosterone. Zinc (Zn) is known to be related with testosterone and hemoglobin levels; meanwhile, nitric oxide was also associated with adaptation to high altitude. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of hemoglobin and CMS score with serum levels of zinc, total testosterone (TT), calculated free testosterone (cFT), bioavailable testosterone (BAT), hemoglobin, and nitric oxide in men at high altitude with or without EE. Men residing in Lima (150 m) and Cerro de Pasco (4,340 m), Peru, were divided into three groups: (1) low altitude, (2) high altitude without EE (hemoglobin < 21 g/dl), and (3) high altitude with EE (hemoglobin ≥ 21 g/dl). Adjusted multivariable regression models showed that serum testosterone (total or free) and Zn levels were independently correlated with increased hemoglobin levels. Similarly, hemoglobin was positively related with signs/symptoms of CMS; however, both increased the serum Zn and the nitric oxide levels correlated with reduced risk for signs/symptoms of CMS. In conclusion, higher serum testosterone levels and Zn levels were associated with EE, and low scores of signs/symptoms of CMS were associated with higher Zn and nitric oxide levels.
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Mal de Altura/sangre , Policitemia/sangre , Testosterona/sangre , Zinc/sangre , Adaptación Fisiológica , Adulto , Mal de Altura/complicaciones , Mal de Altura/fisiopatología , Enfermedad Crónica , Hemoglobinas/fisiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Óxido Nítrico/sangre , Policitemia/complicaciones , Policitemia/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
The present study was designed to determine whether the treatment with an ethanolic extract of pomegranate (EEP) (Punica granatum) can be useful for the treatment of the deleterious effect of lead acetate (LA) administration on sperm production in rats. The effects of EEP were compared with those of ascorbic acid (AA) that is a strong antioxidant and has been shown to reverse lead-induced damage on the reproductive system. The rats were divided into five different groups: those received distilled water (control group), LA, LA with EEP, LA with AA, and EEP alone, respectively. LA administration inhibited spermatogenesis by reducing the length of the stages related to spermiation (VII and VIII) and onset of mitosis (IX-XI). LA-treated rats also showed a reduction in epididymal sperm number and daily sperm production (DSP). Administration of EEP or AA resulted in longer VIII and IX-XI stages when compared with LA-treated rats. Moreover, EEP and AA administration reduced the deleterious effect of LA on DSP and epididymal sperm number. EEP showed an antioxidant activity similar to that of AA. EEP prevented LA-induced spermatogenic disruption in rats and its antioxidant activity could explain its capacity to reverse the damage produced by LA on spermatogenesis.
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Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Frutas/química , Intoxicación por Plomo/tratamiento farmacológico , Lythraceae/química , Compuestos Organometálicos/toxicidad , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Espermatogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapéutico , Recuento de Células , Epidídimo/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Mitosis/efectos de los fármacos , Fitoterapia , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Túbulos Seminíferos/efectos de los fármacos , Túbulos Seminíferos/patología , Espermatozoides/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to determine the effect of different varieties of maca (Lepidium meyenii) on bone structure in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 36 female rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: sham and OVX rats treated with vehicle, estradiol (40 microg/kg), black, yellow or red maca (63 mg/ml) for 4 weeks. At the end of the treatment, uterine weight, femoral bone and lumbar vertebra histomorphology were assessed. RESULTS: Ovariectomy reduced weight, diameter and width of the femoral bone. Estradiol, black and red maca treatment reduced the effect of ovariectomy on these variables. Histological analyses revealed that estradiol, black and red maca treatments reversed the effect of ovariectomy by increasing the trabecular bone area in the second lumbar vertebra. Uterine weight was reduced in OVX rats, and estradiol but neither black nor red maca increased uterine weight. CONCLUSION: Red and black maca have protective effects on bone architecture in OVX rats without showing estrogenic effects on uterine weight.
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Densidad Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Lepidium , Ovariectomía , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Estradiol/farmacología , Femenino , Ratas , Útero/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Actualmente, la exposición ocupacional a contaminantes como metales pesados y plaguicidas ha crecido por la actividad industrial, minera y agrícola. Los efectos adversos en la salud humana se presentan en el sistema respiratorio, renal, nervioso, endocrino, reproductor,siendo este último muy sensible a muchos agentes físicos y químicos generados por la actividad industrial o agrícola. Estos agentes están presentes en algunas actividades ocupacionales y en el ambiente en general. Las evidencias de estudios toxicológicos, epidemiológicos, bioquímicos y fisiológicos, demuestran que el plomo tiene efectos adversos en la salud humana de los trabajadores ocupacionalmente expuestos a diferentes concentraciones pudiendo causar infertilidad masculina. El impacto de la exposición crónica al plomo en el varón incluye reducción de la libido, alteración en la espermatogénesis (reducción en cantidad y motilidad, e incremento de formas anormalesde los espermatozoides), daño cromosómico, función prostática anormal y cambios en los niveles de testosterona. Para el caso de losplaguicidas órganofosforados (OP) hay un alto riesgo de exposición ocupacional y no ocupacional de estos químicos debido a su extenso uso en la agricultura y en el ambiente doméstico, se ha demostrado, que afectan también el sistema reproductor masculino actuando como tóxicos testiculares que causan alteraciones citotóxicas y citocinéticas reversibles en las células germinales, alteran la síntesis deandrógenos y la calidad seminal en los trabajadores expuestos a OP, sobre todo los individuos dedicados a la actividad agrícola. En la presente revisión se ha recopilado diferente información de los efectos adversos de la exposición ocupacional al plomo y a los plaguicidas órganofosforados sobre la función reproductiva.
Nowadays there is an increased occupational exposure to different pollutants such as heavy metals and pesticides, because of the significant growth in industrial, mining, and agriculture activities. Adverse effects on human health can be observed in the respiratory, renal, nervous, endocrine, and reproductive systems, being the latter quite susceptible to many physical and chemical agents generated byindustrial or agricultural activities. These agents are present in some specific activities or in the environment. Evidence from toxicological,epidemiological, biochemical, and physicioligal studies shows that lead has adverse effects on health of workers exposed to different concentrations of this metal, and the exposure may lead to male infertility. These negative effects include: libido reduction, impairedspermatogenesis (reduction in sperm number and motility, and increased number of abnormal sperm), chromosomal damage, abnormalprostate function, and changes in testosterone levels. In the case of organophosphorus pesticides (OPs), agriculture workers are at highrisk for occupational and non-occupational exposure to these chemicals, because of their extensive use in agriculture and the householdenvironment. OPs have been proven also to affect male reproductive system because of testicular toxicity leading to cytotoxic and cytokinetic reversible alterations in germinal cells, alterating androgen synthesis and quality of semen in exposed persons, particularlythose individuals working in agriculture. This review focuses on the adverse effects on male reproductive function caused by occupational exposure to lead and organophosphorus compounds.
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Humanos , Masculino , Contaminación Ambiental , Exposición Profesional , Infertilidad , Insecticidas Organofosforados , PlomoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Organophosphates are broad class of chemicals widely used as pesticides throughout the world. We performed a cross-sectional study of associations between dialkylphosphate metabolites of organophosphates and semen quality among pesticide applicators in Majes (Arequipa), Peru. METHODS: Thirty-one men exposed to organophosphate (OP) pesticides and 31 non-exposed were recruited (age, 20-60 years). In exposed subjects, semen and a blood sample were obtained one day after the last pesticide application. Subjects were grouped according to levels of OP metabolites in urine. Semen samples were analyzed for sperm concentration, percentage of sperm motility, percentage of normal morphology, semen leucocytes and concentrations of fructose and zinc. Exposure to OP was assessed by measuring six urinary OP metabolites (dimethyl and diethyl phosphates and thiophosphates) by gas chromatography using a single flame photometric detector. RESULTS: Diethyldithiophosphate (p = 0.04) and diethylthiophosphate (p = 0.02) better reflected occupational pesticide exposure than other OP metabolites. Semen analysis revealed a significant reduction of semen volume and an increase in semen pH in men with OP metabolites. Multiple regression analysis showed that both occupational exposure to pesticides and the time of exposure to pesticides were more closely related to alterations in semen quality parameters than the single measurement of OP metabolites in urine. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that occupational exposure to OP pesticides was more closely related to alterations in semen quality than a single measurement of urine OP metabolites. Current measurement of OP metabolites in urine may not reflect the full risk.
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Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Intoxicación por Organofosfatos , Compuestos Organofosforados/orina , Plaguicidas/envenenamiento , Semen/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Perú , Plaguicidas/orina , Análisis de Regresión , Análisis de Semen , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of different fractions of Black Maca (Lepidium meyenii), obtained from the hydroalcoholic extract, on spermatogenesis. DESIGN: Animal study. SETTING: Animal and laboratory facilities at a university. ANIMAL(S): Forty two adult male rats from the Holtzman strain (3 months old). INTERVENTION(S): Hydroalcoholic extract of Black Maca was partitioned with the following solvents: petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water to obtain each fraction. Forty-two rats were divided in different groups according the fraction administered and vehicle. The hydroalcoholic extract of Black Maca and its fractions and vehicle were given orally by gavage for 7 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Daily sperm production, epididymal sperm count, and sperm count in the vas deferens. RESULT(S): Daily sperm production was higher in the ethyl acetate group compared with all other groups. The epididymal sperm count was higher in rats treated with ethyl acetate fraction compared with rats treated with vehicle (control), petroleum ether, n-butanol, or water fractions. The sperm count in vas deferens was lower in rats treated with ethyl acetate, petroleum ether, or water fractions compared with the control group; thus, the sperm count in vas deferens in rats treated with chloroform and n-butanol fractions was higher than in the petroleum ether group. CONCLUSION(S): The greatest effect on spermatogenesis was observed in the ethyl acetate fraction from the hydroalcoholic extract of Black Maca, suggesting that the compounds related to the beneficial effect on sperm production of Black Maca are presented in this fraction. Antioxidant components could play a role in the effect of increased epididymal sperm concentration observed in the model.
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Lepidium , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Testículo/efectos de los fármacos , Factores de Edad , Animales , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Fraccionamiento Químico , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Etanol/farmacología , Lepidium/química , Masculino , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/química , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Recuento de Espermatozoides , Espermatogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Espermatozoides/efectos de los fármacos , Espermatozoides/metabolismo , Testículo/anatomía & histología , Testículo/fisiología , Agua/farmacologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of combined therapy of letrozole (2.5 mg or 5.0 mg) with recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in comparison with the administration of recombinant FSH alone in an intrauterine insemination (IUI) program. DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Assisted fertilization program in a specialized infertility center. PATIENT(S): 110 women undergoing IUI and gonadotropin therapy. INTERVENTION(S): Recombinant FSH alone administered from day 3 or combined with letrozole, 2.5 or 5.0 mg/day, on days 3 to 7, and gonadotropins starting on day 7 of the menstrual cycle. Transvaginal ultrasound examinations were done until the dominant follicle reached 18 mm in diameter. Ovulation was triggered with 10,000 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and IUI performed 30 to 40 hours later. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Recombinant FSH dose required, number of follicles greater than 14 mm and 18 mm, endometrial thickness, pregnancy rates, miscarriages, and characteristics of newborns. RESULT(S): Women treated with FSH and 5.0 mg/day of letrozole required a lower dose of FSH than the group cotreated with 2.5 mg/day of letrozole or with FSH alone. Throughout most of the follicular phase, the endometrial thickness was statistically significantly less in both letrozole cotreatment groups compared with the FSH control group. By the day of hCG administration, the endometrial thickness was comparable among all the groups. The pregnancy rates were the same with recombinant FSH alone or combined with letrozole. CONCLUSION(S): In terms of cost-effectiveness, 5.0 mg/day of letrozole is more effective than the 2.5 mg/day in cotreatment with no adverse effect on pregnancy rate or outcome.
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Inhibidores de la Aromatasa/administración & dosificación , Fármacos para la Fertilidad Femenina/administración & dosificación , Hormona Folículo Estimulante/administración & dosificación , Infertilidad/terapia , Inseminación Artificial , Nitrilos/administración & dosificación , Inducción de la Ovulación , Ovulación/efectos de los fármacos , Triazoles/administración & dosificación , Aborto Espontáneo/etiología , Adulto , Inhibidores de la Aromatasa/efectos adversos , Inhibidores de la Aromatasa/economía , Gonadotropina Coriónica/administración & dosificación , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Esquema de Medicación , Costos de los Medicamentos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Endometrio/diagnóstico por imagen , Endometrio/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Fármacos para la Fertilidad Femenina/efectos adversos , Fármacos para la Fertilidad Femenina/economía , Humanos , Inseminación Artificial/economía , Letrozol , Nacimiento Vivo , Nitrilos/efectos adversos , Nitrilos/economía , Inducción de la Ovulación/economía , Embarazo , Índice de Embarazo , Embarazo Múltiple , Proteínas Recombinantes/administración & dosificación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Triazoles/efectos adversos , Triazoles/economía , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
Lepidium meyenii Walp. (Brassicaceae), known as Maca, is a Peruvian hypocotyl growing exclusively between 4,000 and 4,500 m altitude in the central Peruvian Andes, particularly in Junin plateau. Previously, Black variety of Maca showed to be more beneficial than other varieties of Maca on learning and memory in ovariectomized mice on the water finding test. The present study aimed to test two different doses of aqueous (0.50 and 2.00 g/kg) and hydroalcoholic (0.25 and 1.00 g/kg) extracts of Black Maca administered for 35 days on memory impairment induced by scopolamine (1mg/kg body weight i.p.) in male mice. Memory and learning were evaluated using the water Morris maze and the step-down avoidance test. Brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities in brain were also determined. Both extracts of Black Maca significantly ameliorated the scopolamine-induced memory impairment as measured in both the water Morris maze and the step-down avoidance tests. Black Maca extracts inhibited AChE activity, whereas MAO activity was not affected. These results indicate that Black Maca improves scopolamine-induced memory deficits.
Asunto(s)
Lepidium/química , Trastornos de la Memoria/inducido químicamente , Trastornos de la Memoria/tratamiento farmacológico , Antagonistas Muscarínicos , Escopolamina , Acetilcolina/metabolismo , Animales , Reacción de Prevención/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/enzimología , Química Encefálica/efectos de los fármacos , Etanol , Masculino , Aprendizaje por Laberinto/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Monoaminooxidasa/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Solventes , AguaRESUMEN
To determine the association between occupational pesticide exposure and semen quality among sprayers using organophosphate (OPs) pesticides, 31 pesticide sprayers and 80 men who were not exposed were studied. Semen and blood samples were obtained one day after last pesticide application. Semen samples were analyzed for sperm concentration, percentage of sperm motility, percentage of normal morphology, and fructose and zinc concentrations. Blood samples were analyzed for sex hormones. Pesticide sprayers had significantly reduced age-adjusted seminal volume, percentage of motility, percentage of sperm with normal morphology, serum luteinizing hormone, serum testosterone levels, and seminal zinc concentration (a marker of prostate function), as well as significantly increased time of liquefaction, seminal pH, percentage of immature sperm morphology, and leukocyte concentration. These findings provide further evidence that occupational exposures to OP pesticides adversely affect semen quality and sex hormones.
Asunto(s)
Agricultura , Hormona Luteinizante/sangre , Semen , Testosterona/sangre , Estudios Transversales , Recolección de Datos , Humanos , Masculino , PerúRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Lepidium meyenii Walp. (Brassicaceae), known as Maca, is a Peruvian hypocotyl growing exclusively between 4000 and 4500 m altitude in the central Peruvian Andes, particularly in Junin plateau and is used traditionally to enhance fertility. Maca is a cultivated plant and different cultivars are described according to the color of the hypocotyls. METHODS: The study aimed to elucidate the effect of Yellow, Red and Black Maca on cognitive function and depression in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. In all experiments OVX mice were treated during 21 days and divided in four groups: control group, Yellow Maca, Red Maca and Black Maca. Latent learning was assessed using the water finding task and the antidepressant activity of the three varieties of Maca was evaluated using the forced swimming test. Animals were sacrificed at the end of each treatment and the uterus were excised and weighed. RESULTS: Black Maca was the variety that showed the best response in the water finding task, particularly in the trained mice. The three varieties were effective to reduce finding latency in non trained and trained mice (P < 0.05). In the force swimming test, all varieties assessed reduced the time of immobility and increased uterine weight in OVX mice. CONCLUSION: Black Maca appeared to have more beneficial effects on latent learning in OVX mice; meanwhile, all varieties of Maca showed antidepressant activity.
Asunto(s)
Depresión/tratamiento farmacológico , Aprendizaje/efectos de los fármacos , Lepidium , Fitoterapia/métodos , Animales , Antidepresivos/uso terapéutico , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Ratones , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Ovariectomía , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Valores de Referencia , Útero/anatomía & histologíaRESUMEN
Rats were treated with 0, 8, 16 and 24 mg/kg of lead acetate (LA) (i.p.) for 35 days with or without Maca. Maca was co-administrated orally from day 18 to day 35. The lengths of stages of the seminiferous epithelium were assessed by transillumination. Also, sex organ weights, testicular and epididymal sperm count, sperm motility, daily sperm production, sperm transit rate and serum testosterone levels were measured. Lead acetate treatment resulted in a dose-response reduction of lengths of stages VIII and IX-XI, and serum testosterone levels. However, rats treated with 8 and 16 mg/kg but not 24 mg/kg of lead acetate showed a low number of testicular spermatids, low daily sperm production (DSP) and low epididymal sperm count. Administration of Maca to rats treated with lead acetate resulted in higher lengths of stages VIII and IX-XI with respect to lead acetate-treated rats. Moreover, treatment with Maca to lead acetate-treated rats resulted in lengths of stages VIII and IX-XI similar to the control group. Maca administration also reduced the deleterious effect on DSP caused by lead acetate treatment. Maca prevented LA-induced spermatogenic disruption in rats and it may become in a potential treatment of male infertility associated with lead exposure.
Asunto(s)
Lepidium/química , Compuestos Organometálicos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Compuestos Organometálicos/toxicidad , Reproducción/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Epidídimo/citología , Genitales Masculinos/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Tamaño de los Órganos/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Recuento de Espermatozoides , Motilidad Espermática/efectos de los fármacos , Testosterona/sangreRESUMEN
Lepidium meyenii (Brassicaceae), known as Maca, is a Peruvian hypocotyl that grows exclusively between 4000 and 4500 m above sea level in the central Andes. Maca is traditionally employed in the Andean region for its supposed fertility-enhancing properties. The study aimed to test the hypothesis that different ecotypes of Maca (Red, Yellow and Black) after short-term (7 days) and long-term (42 days) treatment affects differentially spermatogenesis adult rats. After 7 days of treatment with Yellow and Red Maca, the length of stage VIII was increased (P<0.05), whereas with Black Maca stages II-VI and VIII were increased (P<0.05). Daily sperm production (DSP) was increased in the group treated with Black Maca compared with control values (P<0.05). Red or Yellow Maca did not alter DSP and epididymal sperm motility was not affected by treatment with any ecotype of Maca. After 42 days of treatment, Black Maca was the only ecotype that enhanced DSP (P<0.05). Moreover, Black Maca was the only that increased epididymal sperm motility (P<0.05). In relation to the control group, Red Maca did not affect testicular and epididymal weight nor epididymal sperm motility and sperm count; however, prostate weight was reduced (P<0.05). Black or Yellow Maca did not affect prostate weight. In conclusion, there were differences in the biological response of the three ecotypes of Maca (Yellow, Red and Black). Black Maca appeared to have more beneficial effect on sperm counts and epididymal sperm motility.