RESUMEN
Lipid nanocapsules (LNCs) were modified by adsorbing sequentially dextran sulfate (DS) and chitosan (CS) on their surface by the layer-by-layer (LBL) approach. Tangential flow filtration (TFF) was used in intermediate purifications of the LNC dispersion during the LBL process. The surface modification was based on electrostatic interactions between the coating polyelectrolytes (PEs) and the LNCs. Therefore, a cationic surfactant, lipochitosan (LC), was synthesised by coupling stearic anhydride on chitosan, and the surface of LNCs was first modified by this LC by the post-insertion technique. The PEs could be successfully adsorbed on the LNC surface as verified by alternating zeta potential and increase in size. To present a therapeutic application, fondaparinux sodium (FP), a heparin-like synthetic pentasaccharide, was introduced on the LNC surface instead of DS.
Asunto(s)
Quitosano/química , Sulfato de Dextran/química , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Polisacáridos/administración & dosificación , Adsorción , Anticoagulantes/administración & dosificación , Filtración , Fondaparinux , Nanocápsulas , Electricidad Estática , Tensoactivos/químicaRESUMEN
Lipid nanoparticles (LNP) coated by a poly(oxyethylene) polymer have been manufactured from low cost and human use-approved materials, by an easy, robust, and up-scalable process. The incorporation in the formulation of maleimide-grafted surfactants allows the functionalization of the lipid cargos by targeting ligands such as the cRGD peptide binding to alpha(v)beta(3) integrin, a well-known angiogenesis biomarker. LNP are able to encapsulate efficiently lipophilic molecules such as a fluorescent dye, allowing their in vivo tracking using fluorescence imaging. In vitro study on HEK293(beta3) cells over-expressing the alpha(v)beta(3) integrins demonstrates the functionalization, specific targeting, and internalization of cRGD-functionalized LNP in comparison with LNP-cRAD or LNP-OH used as negative controls. Following their intravenous injection in Nude mice, LNP-cRGD can accumulate actively in slow-growing HEK293(beta3) cancer xenografts, leading to tumor over skin fluorescence ratio of 1.53+/-0.07 (n=3) 24h after injection. In another fast-growing tumor model (TS/A-pc), tumor over skin fluorescence ratio is improved (2.60+/-0.48, n=3), but specificity between the different LNP functionalizations is no more observed. The different results obtained for the two tumor models are discussed in terms of active cRGD targeting and/or passive nanoparticle accumulation due to the Enhanced Permeability and Retention effect.