RESUMEN
AIMS: To assess the evolution of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) quality indicators in primary care centers (PCC) as part of the Group for the Study of Diabetes in Primary Care (GEDAPS) Continuous Quality Improvement (GCQI) programme in Catalonia. METHODS: Sequential cross-sectional studies were performed during 1993-2007. Process and outcome indicators in random samples of patients from each centre were collected. The results of each evaluation were returned to each centre to encourage the implementation of correcting interventions. Sixty-four different educational activities were performed during the study period with the participation of 2041 professionals. RESULTS: Clinical records of 23,501 patients were evaluated. A significant improvement was observed in the determination of some annual process indicators: HbA(1c) (51.7% vs. 88.9%); total cholesterol (75.9% vs. 90.9%); albuminuria screening (33.9% vs. 59.4%) and foot examination (48.9% vs. 64.2%). The intermediate outcome indicators also showed significant improvements: glycemic control [HbA(1c) ≤ 7% (< 57 mmol/mol); (41.5% vs. 64.2%)]; total cholesterol [≤ 200 mg/dl (5.17 mmol/l); (25.5% vs. 65.6%)]; blood pressure [≤ 140/90 mmHg; (45.4% vs. 66.1%)]. In addition, a significant improvement in some final outcome indicators such as prevalence of foot ulcers (7.6% vs. 2.6%); amputations (1.9% vs. 0.6%) and retinopathy (18.8% vs. 8.6%) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Although those changes should not be strictly attributed to the GCQI programme, significant improvements in some process indicators, parameters of control and complications were observed in a network of primary care centres in Catalonia.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Atención Primaria de Salud/normas , Calidad de la Atención de Salud , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Glucemia/metabolismo , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Hemoglobina Glucada/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , EspañaRESUMEN
Objetivos. Detectar pacientes con diabetes tipo LADA (latent autoinmune diabetes of adult) tipo 1 en diabéticos adultos con sobrepeso y describir las variaciones metabólicas tras administrar metformina. Diseño. Estudio observacional, multicéntrico, basado en una serie de casos. Emplazamiento. Atención primaria, provincia de Barcelona. Participantes. Diabéticos con sobrepeso u obesidad, con diagnóstico de diabetes < 2 años, entre 35 y 65 años de edad, sin complicaciones microvasculares o macrovasculares ni tratamiento farmacológico inicial antidiabético. Intervención. Administración de metformina, 1.700 mg/día. Mediciones. La variable de control metabólico fue la hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c); otras variables fueron el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la glucemia en ayunas, la insulinemia, el péptido C y la valoración de la insulinorresistencia (HOMA-IR). Para el diagnóstico de diabetes tipo LADA se determinaron los anticuerpos ICA, anti-GAD y anti-IA2. Resultados. En la muestra de diabéticos estudiada (n = 103) se detectaron 3 casos de LADA tipo 1 (prevalencia del 2,9%; intervalo de confianza del 95%, 0,6-8,3%). Estos pacientes presentaron valores basales más elevados de HbA1c, insulina y sobre todo de HOMA-IR. El tratamiento con metformina mejoró la HbA1c en ambos grupos de pacientes (con o sin LADA de tipo 1). El descenso de la insulinemia al cabo de un año en los pacientes con LADA de tipo 1 fue más marcado que en el resto de diabéticos. Conclusiones. Dada su frecuencia, hay que reflexionar sobre si deberían buscarse con más frecuencia anticuerpos frente a células β pancreáticas en atención primaria. Los pacientes con LADA de tipo 1 presentaron buen control de la HbA1c en tratamiento con metformina y un drástico descenso de la insulina. Faltan estudios que evalúen si la metformina mejora el control glucémico, aunque tal vez no proteja la reserva insulínica, y confrontarla con otros fármacos
Objectives. To detect type-1 LADA (latent auto-immune diabetes in adults) in adults with overweight. To describe the metabolic variations in these patients after metformin treatment. Design. Observational, multi-centre study based on a series of cases. Setting. Health centres in Barcelona province, Spain. Participants. Diabetic patients with overweight or obesity, diagnosed with diabetes for <2 years, aged between 35 and 65, and without clinical micro-macrovascular complications and without initial glycaemia-lowering drug treatment. Intervention. Metformin administration (1700 mg/day). Measurements. The metabolic control variable was HbA1c. Other variables measured were: body mass index (BMI), glucose in fast, insulinaemia, C-peptide, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). We determined ICA, GADAb and IA2Ab antibodies to diagnose LADA-type diabetes. Results. In our sample of diabetics (N=103), we detected 3 type-1 LADA cases. These patients had higher levels of HbA1c, insulin and, especially, HOMA-IR. Metformin treatment for one year improved HbA1c in both groups (with and without type-1 LADA). However, the decrease in insulin one year afterwards was greater in type-1 LADA patients. Conclusions. The percentage of type-1 LADA in our sample made us wonder whether we should search for pancreatic antibodies more often in primary care. More studies on the prevalence of type-1 LADA in our country are needed, especially in diabetic patients with overweight. Type-1 LADA patients improved their metabolic control after metformin treatment and showed a drastic decrease in insulin levels. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether metformin improves metabolic control, even though it may not protect insulin reserves, and to contrast metformin with other drugs
Asunto(s)
Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Humanos , Metformina/uso terapéutico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus/complicaciones , Insulina/sangre , Péptido C/análisis , Resistencia a la Insulina , Índice de Masa Corporal , Índice Glucémico , Hemoglobina Glucada/análisis , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicacionesRESUMEN
No disponible
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus/prevención & control , Diabetes Mellitus/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevención & controlRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine the percentages of total, simple and complex carbohydrates (CH) in the diet of a group of type II diabetics and to compare them with the recommended standards. DESIGN: Crossover study. SETTING: Primary Care Centre at Ciutat Badia. TARGET POPULATION: 436. SAMPLE: 205. Exclusions and drop-outs: 63. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Habitual intake was calculated by means of three dietary recordings over 24 hours. Average daily kilocalories were 1,757 kcal. 86.3% of the sample consumed a percentage of total CH below that recommended. Only 3.1% of the sample consumed a percentage of complex CH above the recommended minimum, while 70.2% of the sample consumed a percentage of simple CH above the recommended. CONCLUSIONS: The diabetic patients attended at our centre do not follow present dietary recommendations regarding the distribution of CH. New educational strategies adapted to the characteristics of this population must be worked out.