Asunto(s)
Fumar , Factores de Edad , Cuba/epidemiología , Femenino , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalencia , Factores Sexuales , MigrantesRESUMEN
A retrospective study conducted at central Haiti's Albert Schweitzer Hospital in the June 1991-January 1992 period sought to assess the numbers of malaria cases seen at the hospital in 1982-1991, the distribution of cases by age and sex in 1988-1991, and the validity of official reports indicating an overall decline in malaria cases. Review of the hospital's laboratory records (1982-1986, 1988-1991), patient medical records (1989-1991), and patient discharge summary cards (1989-1991) revealed a total of 5,251 malaria cases identified through examination of approximately 65,000 blood smears. The largest numbers of cases were diagnosed in 1982 (1,150) and 1988 (980); the smallest numbers in 1990 (120) and 1991 (317). Peak case incidences occurred yearly in the November-January period, a few months after the rainy season. Of the 838 cases found in the 1989-1991 period, 53% occurred in females and 47% in males. Relatively high numbers of cases (averaging 41.1 cases per year of age) were found among children 0-6 years old, with the largest number of cases in any 1-year age group (54 cases) occurring among children 1 year old. (In general, the numbers of cases declined with increasing age.) Eight cases among hospital in-patients ended in malaria-related death, five of these deaths occurring among children 0-6 years old and six involving cerebral malaria (a common complication of P. falciparum infection). Overall, the results of this study support official reports showing a general decline in the number of malaria cases in this region of Haiti between 1982 and 1991.
PIP: Official reports indicate that the incidence of malaria is declining in Haiti. This paper reports findings from a retrospective study conducted at central Haiti's Albert Schweitzer Hospital June 1991-January 1992 to confirm the validity of these reports. Review of hospital laboratory records, patient medical records, and patient discharge summary cards for the period 1982-91 found 5251 malaria cases identified through examination of approximately 65,000 blood smears. The largest numbers of cases were diagnosed in 1982 and 1988; 1150 and 980 cases, respectively. The fewest cases were diagnosed in 1990 and 1991; 120 and 317, respectively. Peak case incidences occurred yearly during November-January, a few months after the rainy season. 53% of the 838 cases identified during 1989-91 were among females. Relatively high numbers of cases were found among children aged 0-6 years, with the largest number of cases in any one-year age group (54) occurring among children aged one year. Eight cases among hospital inpatients resulted in malaria-related death, with five deaths occurring among children aged 0-6 years and six cases involving cerebral malaria. These results support official reports indicating a general decline in the number of malaria cases in central Haiti between 1982 and 1991.
Asunto(s)
Hospitalización , Malaria Falciparum/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Haití/epidemiología , Humanos , Lactante , Malaria Falciparum/mortalidad , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estaciones del Año , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of exposure to nonmaternal, passive household cigarette smoke on the incidence of respiratory illness (bronchitis and pneumonia) among children from birth through age 18 months in the Lu-Wan District, Shanghai City, People's Republic of China. A secondary objective was to evaluate the effects of other environmental factors, such as the fuel used for cooking and whether the child was breast fed, on the incidence of respiratory illness. The total daily cigarette consumption of family members was used to estimate exposure to passive smoke. The relative risks of exposure to passive cigarette smoke on the incidence of respiratory illness were 1.3, 1.7, and 2.0 for children living in households with members who smoked 1 to 9, 10 to 19, and 20 to 39 cigarettes per day, respectively, compared with the risks for children living in nonsmoking households (p for trend = 0.0002). These effects did not change materially when potential confounding factors were controlled. Children who were not fed human milk had a 1.8-fold increased risk of respiratory disease at each level of exposure to passive cigarette smoke evaluated, in comparison with children who were fed human milk for at least 1 month.
Asunto(s)
Bronquitis/epidemiología , Neumonía/epidemiología , Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco/efectos adversos , Lactancia Materna , Bronquitis/etiología , China/epidemiología , Factores de Confusión Epidemiológicos , Femenino , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Neumonía/etiología , Análisis de Regresión , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
This study investigated an outbreak of axillary lymphadenitis and abscesses after Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination among rural Haitian children treated at the Hospital Albert Schweitzer from January 1986 through March 1991. Seventy-seven cases of vaccine-related complications were identified, all among children immunized before the age of 1 year. The proportions of children with complications were 0.017% for 1986 through 1989, 0.91% for 1990, and 2.2% for January through March 1991.